Review Of Bones, Joints, And Skeleton

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1. Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?

The sternum and most skull bones

Explanation

The sternum and most skull bones are classified as flat bones because they have a relatively thin and flat shape. Flat bones provide protection to internal organs and have a broad surface area for muscle attachment. They are typically found in areas such as the skull, sternum, and ribs.

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About This Quiz
Review Of Bones, Joints, And Skeleton - Quiz

This quiz focuses on the classification of bones based on their shapes, including long, short, flat, and irregular bones. It assesses understanding of skeletal anatomy, relevant for students and professionals in biology and health-related fields.

2. Joint types,

which type of joint is this:

sutures

Explanation

Sutures are a type of joint that is classified as fibrous. Fibrous joints are immovable or slightly movable joints that are connected by fibrous connective tissue. Sutures specifically are found in the skull and are immovable joints that provide stability and protection to the brain.

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3. How many ribs are there total in a human?

Explanation

There are 24 ribs in total in a human body. The rib cage is composed of 12 pairs of ribs, with each side of the body having 6 pairs. The ribs are long, curved bones that extend from the spine and wrap around to the front of the chest. They provide protection to vital organs such as the heart and lungs and also play a role in supporting the structure of the chest.

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4. Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below bone?

Humerus

Explanation

The humerus is classified as a long bone. Long bones are characterized by their elongated shape and consist of a shaft (diaphysis) with two ends (epiphyses). They provide support, mobility, and strength to the body. The humerus is the long bone located in the upper arm, connecting the shoulder to the elbow joint.

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5. Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?

Cube bones of the wrist.

Explanation

Short bones are cube-shaped bones that are approximately equal in length, width, and thickness. They provide stability and support to the body and are found in the wrists and ankles. Therefore, the statement "Cube bones of the wrist" refers to short bones.

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6. Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?

Cube bones of the ankle

Explanation

Short bones are classified by their shape. They are typically cube-shaped, such as the bones of the ankle. Short bones provide stability and support to the body and are found in areas that require limited movement, such as the wrists and ankles. They are composed of cancellous bone covered by a thin layer of compact bone. Unlike long bones, short bones do not have a medullary cavity.

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7. This hormone is most important for bone growth

Explanation

The growth hormone is responsible for stimulating bone growth. It plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of healthy bones. Without the growth hormone, bones may not grow properly, leading to stunted growth or skeletal abnormalities. Therefore, the growth hormone is the most important hormone for bone growth.

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8. What are the three parts of the strenum?

Explanation

The three parts of the sternum are the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium is the uppermost portion of the sternum, connecting to the clavicles and the first rib. The body is the middle portion of the sternum, forming the bulk of its length. The xiphoid process is the smallest and lowest part of the sternum, located at the bottom. Together, these three parts make up the structure of the sternum.

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9. How many bones in the carpals

Explanation

The carpals are a group of eight small bones located in the wrist. They are arranged in two rows of four bones each. These bones provide stability and flexibility to the wrist joint. Therefore, the correct answer is 8.

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10. How many bones in the thoracic vertebrae?

Explanation

The thoracic vertebrae consist of 12 bones. These bones are located in the middle region of the spine, between the cervical vertebrae in the neck and the lumbar vertebrae in the lower back. Each thoracic vertebra is connected to a rib on each side, forming the thoracic cage or rib cage, which protects the vital organs in the chest.

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11. Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?

The vertebrae

Explanation

The vertebrae are classified as irregular bones. Irregular bones do not have a definite shape and vary in their appearance. They often have complex shapes with multiple projections and are found in the spinal column, such as the vertebrae. These bones provide support, protection, and flexibility to the spine.

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12. THE SHAFT THAT FORMS THE LONG AXIS OF THE BONE.  IT IS CONSTRUCTED OF A THICK COLLAR OF COMPACT BONE THAT SURROUNDS THE MEDULLARY CAVITY.

Explanation

The diaphysis refers to the shaft of a long bone, which is constructed of a thick collar of compact bone that surrounds the medullary cavity. This is in contrast to the epiphysis, which refers to the ends of the long bone. The diaphysis is responsible for providing support and strength to the bone, while also housing the medullary cavity where bone marrow is produced.

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13. Cells that resorb or break down bone matrix

Explanation

Osteoclasts are cells that resorb or break down bone matrix. They play a crucial role in bone remodeling and repair. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells derived from monocytes and macrophages. They are responsible for the breakdown of old or damaged bone tissue, allowing for the removal of mineralized matrix and the subsequent formation of new bone. This process is essential for maintaining bone health and integrity. Osteoclasts are regulated by various factors, including hormones and cytokines, and their dysfunction can lead to bone diseases such as osteoporosis.

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14. What three things are needed for normal bone growth and formation?

Explanation

Calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D are needed for normal bone growth and formation. Calcium is the main mineral component of bones and is necessary for their strength and structure. Phosphorus is also essential for bone mineralization and helps in the formation of hydroxyapatite, which gives bones their hardness. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestines and helps regulate their levels in the body. Together, these three nutrients are vital for the development and maintenance of healthy bones.

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15. Bone-forming cells

Explanation

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that are responsible for synthesizing and secreting the organic components of the bone matrix. They play a crucial role in bone development, growth, and repair. Osteoblasts are found in both the diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (ends) of long bones, as well as in other bones throughout the body. They are involved in the process of bone mineralization by depositing calcium and other minerals onto the bone matrix. Osteoblasts eventually become osteocytes, which are mature bone cells that maintain and monitor the bone tissue.

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16. Structural disorders of the spine....which is lateral curvature of the vertebral column?

Explanation

Scoliosis is a structural disorder of the spine characterized by a lateral curvature of the vertebral column. This condition causes the spine to curve sideways, resulting in an "S" or "C" shape. Kyphosis, on the other hand, refers to an excessive forward curvature of the upper back, while lordosis is an excessive inward curvature of the lower back. Therefore, scoliosis is the correct answer as it specifically corresponds to the lateral curvature of the vertebral column.

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17. How many bones in the phalanges of one foot total

Explanation

There are 14 bones in the phalanges of one foot. The phalanges are the bones that form the toes, and each foot has three phalanges in each toe, except for the big toe which only has two. Therefore, there are a total of 14 phalanges in one foot.

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18. FRACTURES:

What type of fracture is this?

bone end comes through the skin

Explanation

An open fracture, also known as a compound fracture, is when the bone end comes through the skin. This is different from a closed fracture, where the bone does not break through the skin. The other options listed are different types of fractures, but they do not involve the bone end coming through the skin.

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19. Central channel containing blood vessels and nerves

Explanation

The Haversian canal is a central channel in bone that contains blood vessels and nerves. It is responsible for supplying nutrients and oxygen to the bone cells and removing waste products. The Haversian canal is a key component of the Haversian system, which is the structural unit of compact bone. It consists of concentric layers of bone tissue called lamellae, which surround the Haversian canal. Therefore, the correct answer is HAVERSIAN CANAL.

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20. Decreasing the angle between two parts

Explanation

Flexion is the movement that decreases the angle between two parts. It is a bending movement that occurs at a joint, bringing the bones closer together. This movement is commonly seen in joints such as the elbow, knee, and spine. Flexion allows for a wide range of movements, such as bending the arm, bringing the leg towards the chest, or flexing the neck.

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21. Palms upward

Explanation

Supination refers to the movement of the forearm and hand where the palm is turned upward or facing forward. This movement is made possible by the rotation of the radius bone in the forearm. It is the opposite of pronation, where the palm is turned downward or facing backward. Supination is an important movement that allows for tasks such as holding a cup or turning a doorknob.

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22. Joint types,

which type of joint is this:

most common type

Explanation

The correct answer is synovial. Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the human body. These joints are characterized by the presence of a synovial cavity, which contains synovial fluid that lubricates the joint and reduces friction. Synovial joints allow for a wide range of movement and are found in the knees, elbows, shoulders, and other major joints. Fibrous joints are immovable or slightly movable, while cartilaginous joints allow for limited movement.

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23. Palms upward

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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24. Cells that resorb or break down bone matrix

Explanation

Osteoclasts are cells that resorb or break down bone matrix. They are responsible for the process of bone resorption, which helps in the remodeling and repair of bones. Osteoclasts play a crucial role in maintaining the balance between bone formation and bone resorption, ensuring the overall health and integrity of the skeletal system. They are multinucleated cells that secrete enzymes and acids to dissolve the mineralized matrix of bone, allowing the release of calcium and other minerals into the bloodstream. This process is essential for bone growth, repair, and remodeling throughout life.

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25. How many floating ribs?

Explanation

Floating ribs are the last two pairs of ribs in the ribcage that are not attached to the sternum or the cartilage of another rib. They are only connected to the spine. There are a total of 12 pairs of ribs, with the first 7 pairs being true ribs, the next 3 pairs being false ribs, and the last 2 pairs being floating ribs. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.

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26. How many bones in the carpals

Explanation

The carpals are a group of eight small bones located in the wrist. They are arranged in two rows and are responsible for providing stability and flexibility to the wrist joint. Therefore, the correct answer is 8.

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27. How many bones in the phalanges of one hand total?

Explanation

There are 14 bones in the phalanges of one hand. The phalanges are the bones that make up the fingers and thumb. Each finger has three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal), while the thumb has two (proximal and distal). Therefore, when we add up the number of phalanges in each finger and thumb, we get a total of 14 bones.

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28. FRACTURES:

What type of fracture is this?

break runs at an angle across the bone

Explanation

An oblique fracture is a type of fracture where the break runs at an angle across the bone. This means that the bone is not broken in a straight line, but rather at a diagonal or slanted angle. This type of fracture can occur when there is a rotational force applied to the bone, causing it to break in a diagonal direction.

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29. THE BONE ENDS COVERED BY THIN LAYER OF ARTICULAR HYALINE CARTILAGE.

Explanation

The epiphysis is the correct answer because it refers to the end part of a long bone that is covered by a thin layer of articular hyaline cartilage. This cartilage helps to reduce friction and absorb shock during joint movement. The epiphysis also contains red marrow, which is responsible for producing blood cells. This explanation fits with the given statement and accurately describes the epiphysis.

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30. This type of joint has the following range of motion:
Nonaxial:  slipping movements only
Uniaxial:  movement in one plane
Biaxial:  movement in two planes
Multiaxial:  movement in or around all three planes. 

Explanation

The given answer "SYNOVIAL" is the correct answer because synovial joints have a multiaxial range of motion, meaning they allow movement in or around all three planes. Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of a synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid that lubricates the joint and reduces friction during movement. Examples of synovial joints include the knee, elbow, and shoulder joints.

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31. Mature bone cells

Explanation

Osteocytes are mature bone cells that are found within the lacunae of bone tissue. They are responsible for maintaining the health and integrity of the bone matrix. Osteocytes communicate with each other and with other bone cells through small channels called canaliculi. They play a crucial role in bone remodeling and repair, as well as in the regulation of calcium and phosphate levels in the body. Osteocytes are derived from osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation, and they can also differentiate into osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption. Therefore, osteocytes are an important component of bone tissue and contribute to its overall structure and function.

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32. Which part of the strenum is the bottom?

Explanation

The xiphoid process is the bottom part of the sternum. It is a small, cartilaginous extension at the lower end of the sternum, located just below the sternal body. It is the smallest and most inferior part of the sternum, serving as an attachment point for various muscles and ligaments in the abdominal region.

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33. Palms down

Explanation

Pronation refers to the rotation of the forearm and hand in such a way that the palm faces downwards. This movement is possible due to the specific structure and arrangement of bones in the forearm, namely the radius and ulna. When the radius crosses over the ulna, it causes the palm to turn downwards. Pronation is an important movement in activities such as throwing, writing, and turning a doorknob.

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34. Toes point down as in walking on the tip toes, or as in toe dancing in ballet.

Explanation

Plantar flexion is the movement of the foot and toes downward, as in pointing the toes or standing on tiptoe. This movement is commonly seen in activities such as walking, running, and ballet dancing. It is achieved by contracting the calf muscles, specifically the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, which pull the heel up and the toes down. Plantar flexion is an important movement for walking and maintaining balance, as it allows the foot to push off the ground and propel the body forward.

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35. Palms upward

Explanation

Supination refers to the movement of the forearm and hand where the palm is turned upward or facing forward. This movement occurs at the radioulnar joint and allows for the rotation of the radius and ulna bones. It is an example of a movement that can occur at a diarthrosis joint, which is a freely movable joint. The other options listed are either incorrect terms or do not relate to the movement described in the question.

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36. THIS TYPE OF BONE FORMS THE INTERIOR OF EPIPHYSES (BONE ENDS)

Explanation

Spongy bone is the correct answer because it forms the interior of the epiphyses, which are the bone ends. Spongy bone is less dense and has a lattice-like structure, allowing it to provide support and strength while also reducing the weight of the bone. It contains red marrow, which is responsible for producing blood cells, making it important for hematopoiesis. In contrast, compact bone forms the diaphysis, or the shaft of the bone, and is denser and more solid in structure.

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37. Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?

The scapula

Explanation

The scapula is classified as a flat bone. Flat bones are thin, flat, and often curved bones that provide protection to internal organs and serve as attachment sites for muscles. The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a large, triangular-shaped flat bone located on the back of the shoulder. It helps to stabilize and move the shoulder joint and provides attachment points for various muscles involved in arm and shoulder movements.

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38. Structural disorders of the spine....which is lateral curvature of the vertebral column?

Explanation

Scoliosis is the correct answer because it refers to a structural disorder of the spine characterized by a lateral curvature of the vertebral column. In scoliosis, the spine curves sideways, causing the shoulders, hips, or waist to appear uneven. This condition can occur in various degrees of severity and can be caused by factors such as genetics, muscle imbalances, or neuromuscular conditions. Treatment options for scoliosis include observation, bracing, and in severe cases, surgery.

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39. FRACTURES:

What type of fracture is this?

simple with no open wound

Explanation

The correct answer is "closed." A closed fracture refers to a broken bone where the skin remains intact, meaning there is no open wound. This type of fracture is also known as a simple fracture.

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40. FRACTURES:

What type of fracture is this?

ends get jammed together

Explanation

An impacted fracture occurs when the broken ends of a bone are jammed together. This type of fracture typically occurs when a bone is forced into another bone, causing compression and jamming of the fractured ends. The jamming of the ends can make it difficult for the bone to heal properly and may require realignment or surgical intervention.

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41. This is found in the center of bones and is fat

Explanation

Yellow marrow is found in the center of bones and is fat.

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42. Which part of the strenum is the top?

Explanation

The manubrium is the top part of the sternum.

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43. Straightening or increasing the angle between two parts

Explanation

Extension refers to the straightening or increasing the angle between two parts. It is the opposite of flexion, which refers to bending or decreasing the angle between two parts. In the context of the skeletal system, extension typically refers to the movement of a joint that increases the angle between the bones involved, such as straightening the arm at the elbow joint.

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44. Structural disorders of the spine....which one is curvature of the lumbar spine?

Explanation

Lordosis is the correct answer because it refers to the abnormal inward curvature of the lumbar spine, causing the lower back to appear more pronounced or arched. Kyphosis, on the other hand, is the abnormal outward curvature of the thoracic spine, leading to a rounded or hunched back. Scoliosis is the sideways curvature of the spine, which can occur in any region. Therefore, out of the given options, only lordosis specifically relates to the curvature of the lumbar spine.

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45. Away from the midline

Explanation

Abduction refers to movement away from the midline of the body. It is the opposite of adduction, which is movement towards the midline. In the context of the given options, abduction is the only term that directly relates to movement. The other options are either anatomical structures or other types of movements. Therefore, the correct answer is abduction.

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46. Classification of joints:  Functional:

This class of joint is freely movable:

Explanation

Diarthrosis is the correct answer because it is a functional joint that is freely movable. Diarthrosis joints are characterized by having a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments. These joints allow for a wide range of movement and are found in the limbs, such as the knee and shoulder joints.

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47. Classification of joints: 

Fibrous structural joints:

Occur between bones of the skull.

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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48. These are the three functional classes of joints:

Explanation

The correct answer is a list of the three functional classes of joints: synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses. Synarthroses are immovable joints, such as sutures in the skull. Amphiarthroses are slightly movable joints, such as syndesmoses which connect bones with ligaments. Diarthroses are freely movable joints, such as the knee or shoulder joints. These three classes categorize joints based on their degree of movement and provide a framework for understanding the different types of joints in the human body.

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49. All bones of the skull are lined by these

Explanation

Sutures are fibrous joints that connect the bones of the skull. They are formed by dense connective tissue that holds the bones together, allowing for minimal movement. Sutures provide stability and protection for the brain and other structures within the skull. They also allow for growth and development of the skull during infancy and childhood.

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50. Structural disroders of the spine....which one is known as "old woman's hump?"

Explanation

Kyphosis is known as "old woman's hump" because it is a condition characterized by an excessive forward curvature of the upper spine, causing a hunched or rounded appearance of the back. This condition is more commonly observed in older women, hence the term "old woman's hump." Lordosis refers to an excessive inward curvature of the lower back, while scoliosis refers to an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine.

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51. __________________are soft spots on a baby's head which, during birth, enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal.

Explanation

Fontanels are soft spots on a baby's head that allow the bony plates of the skull to flex during birth. This flexibility enables the child's head to pass through the birth canal. Fontanels are important for the growth and development of the skull in infants.

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52. What are the numbers of the false ribs?

Explanation

The numbers of the false ribs are 8-12.

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53. Toward the midline

Explanation

Adduction is the movement of a body part towards the midline of the body. This can occur at various joints in the body, such as the hip, shoulder, or wrist. It is the opposite of abduction, which is the movement of a body part away from the midline. In adduction, the body part is brought closer to the center of the body, allowing for actions such as bringing the arms down to the sides or bringing the legs together.

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54. Turning the sole of the foot inward, so it faces the opposite foot

Explanation

Inversion refers to the movement of turning the sole of the foot inward, so it faces the opposite foot. This movement occurs at the ankle joint and is commonly used during activities such as walking or running. Inversion helps to stabilize the foot and ankle, as well as maintain balance and control. It is an important movement in sports and activities that require quick changes in direction or agility.

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55. How many bones in the cervical vertebrae?

Explanation

The cervical vertebrae are a part of the spinal column located in the neck region. There are a total of 7 cervical vertebrae in the human body. These vertebrae are responsible for providing support and flexibility to the neck, allowing for movement and protection of the spinal cord. Each cervical vertebra is numbered from C1 to C7, with C1 being the topmost vertebra closest to the skull.

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56. Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?

The hip bones

Explanation

The hip bones are classified as irregular bones. Irregular bones do not fit into any other classification category due to their unique shape and structure. They have complex shapes with varying sizes and are found in specific locations in the body, such as the hip bones.

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57. Structural disroders of the spine....which one is located in the thoracic cavity?

Explanation

Kyphosis is the structural disorder of the spine that is located in the thoracic cavity. It is characterized by an excessive outward curvature of the upper back, causing a hunchback or rounded appearance. This condition can lead to a stooped posture and limited mobility. Lordosis, on the other hand, is an excessive inward curvature of the lower back, while scoliosis refers to an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. However, it is important to note that the explanation provided assumes that the question is referring to the location of the primary curvature in each condition, as kyphosis can also affect other regions of the spine.

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58. What are the numbers of the true ribs?

Explanation

The true ribs are the first seven pairs of ribs in the human body. They are called "true" ribs because they are directly attached to the sternum by their own cartilage, providing stability and protection to the thoracic cavity. Therefore, the numbers 1-7 represent the correct numbers of the true ribs.

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59. Joint types,

which type of joint is this:

gomphoses

Explanation

The correct answer for the question is "fibrous." Fibrous joints are characterized by the presence of fibrous connective tissue between the bones, which allows for limited or no movement. Gomphoses is a specific type of fibrous joint where a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket, such as the connection between a tooth and its socket in the jawbone. Synovial joints allow for free movement and are characterized by the presence of a synovial cavity and a synovial membrane. Cartilaginous joints allow limited movement and are characterized by the presence of cartilage between the bones.

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60. Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?

The os coxa

Explanation

The os coxa, also known as the hip bone, is classified as an irregular bone. Irregular bones do not fit into the other categories of bone shapes, such as long, short, or flat. They have complex shapes with varying sizes and contours, and their primary function is to provide support and protection to internal organs. The os coxa is a good example of an irregular bone due to its unique shape and structure.

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61. Fibrous membranes at the angles of cranial bones that accommodate brain growth in the fetus and infant.

Explanation

Fontanels are fibrous membranes at the angles of cranial bones that accommodate brain growth in the fetus and infant. They are soft spots on a baby's skull that allow for the skull to expand as the brain grows. Fontanels eventually close as the baby grows older and the cranial bones fuse together.

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62. FRACTURES:

What type of fracture is this?

bone is twisted apart

Explanation

A spiral fracture occurs when a bone is twisted apart, resulting in a curved or spiral-shaped break. This type of fracture is often caused by a twisting force applied to the bone, such as during a sports injury or a fall. Spiral fractures are typically seen in long bones, such as the tibia or femur, and can be stable or unstable depending on the extent of the break. Treatment for spiral fractures may involve casting, splinting, or surgery, depending on the severity of the fracture and the alignment of the bone.

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63. HOLDS THE PITUITARY GLAND

Explanation

The correct answer is SELLA TURCICA. The sella turcica is a bony structure located in the sphenoid bone of the skull. It holds and protects the pituitary gland, which is an important gland responsible for producing and releasing various hormones in the body. The sella turcica provides a secure and stable environment for the pituitary gland to function properly.

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64. How many bones in the metacarpals

Explanation

The metacarpals are the bones in the hand that connect the wrist to the fingers. There are five metacarpal bones in each hand, one for each finger. Therefore, the correct answer is 5.

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65. How many bones of the metatarsals

Explanation

The metatarsals are a group of long bones located in the foot. There are a total of five metatarsal bones in each foot, numbered from one to five. These bones are essential for providing stability and support while walking and running.

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66. Joint types,

which type of joint is this:
synchondrosis

Explanation

A synchondrosis joint is a type of cartilaginous joint. In this joint, the bones are connected by a band of hyaline cartilage. This type of joint allows very little movement or no movement at all. It is commonly found in the growth plates of developing bones, such as the epiphyseal plates in long bones. Synovial joints, on the other hand, are characterized by the presence of a synovial cavity and allow for a wide range of movements. Fibrous joints are connected by fibrous connective tissue and have limited movement. Therefore, the correct answer is cartilagenous.

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67. Ankle bent so the toes are pointing up, as in standing or walking on your heels.

Explanation

Dorsiflexion refers to the movement of the ankle where the toes are pointing up, as in standing or walking on your heels. This movement is achieved by contracting the muscles on the front of the leg, specifically the tibialis anterior muscle. Dorsiflexion is important for activities such as walking, running, and maintaining balance.

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68. THIS TYPE OF BONE FORMS THE EXTERIOR OF EPIPHYSES

Explanation

Compact bone forms the exterior of epiphyses.

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69. How many bones in tarsals

Explanation

The tarsals are a group of seven bones located in the foot. They are responsible for providing stability and support to the foot. Each foot has a total of seven tarsal bones, which include the talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones. Therefore, the correct answer is 7.

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70. Turning the sole of the foot outward away from the body

Explanation

Eversion refers to the movement of turning the sole of the foot outward away from the body. It is the opposite movement of inversion, which is the turning of the sole of the foot inward towards the body. Eversion occurs at the subtalar joint, which is a synovial joint that allows for side-to-side movement of the foot. This movement is important for activities such as walking on uneven surfaces and maintaining balance.

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71. ___________________or cancellous bone consists of a lattice of thin threads of bone called trabeculae and is less dense. The orientation of the trabeculae is affected by the mechanical stress to which the bone is exposed

Explanation

Spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone, is less dense and consists of a lattice of thin threads of bone called trabeculae. The orientation of the trabeculae is affected by the mechanical stress to which the bone is exposed. This type of bone is found at the ends of long bones and in the interior of vertebrae and other flat bones. It provides strength and support while also allowing for the storage of red bone marrow, which is responsible for producing blood cells.

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72. Structural disorders of the spine....which one is swayback?

Explanation

Lordosis is the correct answer because it refers to an excessive inward curvature of the spine, commonly known as swayback. This condition usually affects the lower back, causing the buttocks to stick out and the abdomen to protrude. It can be caused by various factors such as poor posture, obesity, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions. Kyphosis, on the other hand, is an excessive outward curvature of the upper back, while scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine.

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73. Joint types,

which type of joint is this:
symphysis

Explanation

The correct answer is cartilaginous. Cartilaginous joints are connected by cartilage and allow limited movement. Symphyses are a type of cartilaginous joint found in the midline of the body, such as the intervertebral discs. Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body, characterized by a synovial cavity and a wide range of movement. Fibrous joints are connected by fibrous tissue and allow little to no movement.

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74. These are the three types of fibrous structural joints.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses." These are the three types of fibrous structural joints. Sutures are immovable joints found in the skull where the bones are tightly joined together. Syndesmoses are slightly movable joints where the bones are connected by ligaments, such as the tibia and fibula in the lower leg. Gomphoses are also immovable joints where the teeth are anchored in the sockets of the jawbone. These three types of joints play different roles in providing stability and movement in the body.

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75. Movement describes a cone in space

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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76. The most abundant skeletal cartilage

Explanation

Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant skeletal cartilage in the body. It is found in many areas including the nose, trachea, and the ends of long bones. It provides support, flexibility, and reduces friction between bones.

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77. How many bones in tarsals

Explanation

The tarsals are a group of seven bones located in the foot. They are responsible for providing stability and support to the foot. These bones include the talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones. Therefore, the correct answer is 7.

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78. FRACTURES:

What type of fracture is this?

break goes straight across the bone

Explanation

A transverse fracture is a type of fracture where the break goes straight across the bone. It is characterized by a horizontal fracture line that is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone. This type of fracture is often caused by a direct blow or trauma to the bone. In a transverse fracture, the bone is completely broken into two separate pieces.

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79. How many bones in the lumbar vertebrae?

Explanation

The lumbar vertebrae are the five largest and strongest bones in the lower back region of the spine. They are located between the thoracic vertebrae and the sacrum. Each lumbar vertebra is a separate bone, making a total of five bones in the lumbar vertebrae.

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80. Twisting or pivoting of a bone around a central axis

Explanation

Rotation refers to the twisting or pivoting of a bone around a central axis. It is a movement that allows for a circular or spinning motion. This can occur in various joints of the body, such as the shoulder, hip, or spine. During rotation, the bone moves in a rotational manner without changing its position in space. This movement is important for various activities, such as turning the head, rotating the arm, or twisting the trunk.

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81. Internal layer of skeletal bone:  also called cancellous bone

Explanation

Spongy bone refers to the internal layer of skeletal bone. It is also known as cancellous bone. This type of bone tissue is characterized by its porous, lattice-like structure, which provides strength and support while also allowing for the movement of red bone marrow. Spongy bone is found in the epiphyses (ends) of long bones and in the interior of flat, irregular, and short bones. It is responsible for providing structural integrity and helping to distribute forces during weight-bearing activities.

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82. FRACTURES:

What type of fracture is this?

partial break

Explanation

A greenstick fracture is a type of fracture where the bone is partially broken, meaning it is not completely separated. This type of fracture is commonly seen in children because their bones are more flexible and tend to bend rather than break completely. The term "greenstick" comes from the analogy of a green tree branch that bends but does not snap. In a greenstick fracture, one side of the bone is broken while the other side is bent. This type of fracture requires immobilization and proper medical treatment to ensure proper healing.

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83. Joint types,

which type of joint is this:
syndesmosis

Explanation

The correct answer is fibrous. A fibrous joint, also known as a synarthrosis, is a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. In a fibrous joint, there is little to no movement between the bones. Syndesmosis is a specific type of fibrous joint where the bones are connected by a ligament or a sheet of fibrous tissue, allowing for limited movement. Synovial joints, on the other hand, are characterized by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid and allow for a wide range of movement. Cartilaginous joints are connected by cartilage and can be either slightly movable or immovable.

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84. This lines the marrow cavity

Explanation

The correct answer is endosteum. The endosteum is a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bone, including the marrow cavity. It contains osteoprogenitor cells, which are responsible for bone growth and repair. The endosteum also helps in the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the bone and the marrow. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and structure of the bone.

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85. WHAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERS THE ENDS OF BONES IN A SYNOVIAL JOINT

Explanation

this spongy cushion abosrbs compression placed on the joint and keeps ends from being crushed

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86. How many false ribs?

Explanation

There are 12 pairs of ribs in the human body, with the first 7 pairs being true ribs that are directly connected to the sternum. The remaining 5 pairs are false ribs, with 3 pairs being indirectly connected to the sternum through cartilage, and 2 pairs being floating ribs that are not connected to the sternum at all. Therefore, the correct answer is 10, as there are 10 false ribs in total.

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87. What are the numbers of the floating ribs?

Explanation

The numbers of the floating ribs are 11-12. Floating ribs are the last two pairs of ribs in the ribcage which are not attached to the sternum or the other ribs. They are called "floating" because they do not have any direct attachment to the front of the body.

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88. _________________ or cortical bone, is made up many rod-like units called osteons or Haversian systems which run longitudinally within the bone. Haversian systems have a central Haversian canal which carries blood and lymphatic vessels and nerve branches.

Explanation

Compact bone, also known as cortical bone, is made up of many rod-like units called osteons or Haversian systems which run longitudinally within the bone. These Haversian systems have a central Haversian canal which carries blood and lymphatic vessels and nerve branches.

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89. FRACTURES:

What type of fracture is this?

bone is splintered or crushed

Explanation

A comminuted fracture is a type of fracture where the bone is splintered or crushed into multiple fragments. In this type of fracture, the bone is broken into several pieces, often resulting in a more complex and severe injury. This can occur due to high-energy trauma, such as a car accident or a fall from a significant height. Comminuted fractures are generally more difficult to treat and may require surgery to realign and stabilize the bone fragments for proper healing.

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90. This is found in the medullary cavity and in ALL ares of spongy bone

Explanation

Red marrow is found in the medullary cavity and in all areas of spongy bone. It is responsible for the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red marrow contains a high concentration of blood vessels and hematopoietic stem cells, which are responsible for the production of new blood cells. This is in contrast to yellow marrow, which is mainly composed of fat cells and is found in the medullary cavity of long bones. Therefore, the presence of red marrow in both the medullary cavity and spongy bone supports the correct answer.

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91. This lines the marrow cavity

Explanation

The correct answer is "ENDOSTEUM". Endosteum is a thin, vascular membrane that lines the medullary cavity of long bones. It contains osteoprogenitor cells, which can differentiate into osteoblasts or osteoclasts, and is involved in bone growth, repair, and remodeling. It also helps in the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the bone and the blood.

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92. Classification of joints: 

Fibrous structural joints:

Examples of this include the connection between the tibia and fibula, and the radius and ulna. 

Explanation

A syndesmosis is a type of fibrous joint where the bones are connected by a ligament or a fibrous membrane. This type of joint allows for limited movement and provides stability to the bones. Examples of syndesmosis joints include the connection between the tibia and fibula, and the radius and ulna.

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93. How many true ribs?

Explanation

There are 14 true ribs in the human body. True ribs are the first seven pairs of ribs that are directly attached to the sternum (breastbone) by cartilage. The remaining ribs are called false ribs, as they are either indirectly attached to the sternum or not attached at all. Therefore, the correct answer is 14.

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94. A bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones. Examples include epiphyseal plates of children, and joint between the costal cartilage of the first rib and the sternum.

Explanation

Synchondroses are a type of joint where a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones. This type of joint is found in areas such as the epiphyseal plates of children and the joint between the costal cartilage of the first rib and the sternum. Synchondroses allow for limited movement and are considered to be a type of synarthrosis joint.

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95. Classification of joints: 

Fibrous structural joints:

Comprised of interlocking junctions filled with connective tissue fibers.  Bind tightly together, but allow for growth during youth. 

Explanation

A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is found in the skull. It is formed by interlocking junctions filled with connective tissue fibers, which bind the bones of the skull tightly together. Sutures allow for some flexibility and movement during growth in youth, but become more rigid and immovable in adulthood. This type of joint provides stability and protection for the brain and other structures within the skull.

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96. _______is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull

Explanation

The correct answer is SELLA TURCICA. The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull. It is located in the middle cranial fossa and houses the pituitary gland.

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97. The peg-in-socket fibrous joint between a tooth and its aveolar socket....The fibrous connection is the periodontal ligament.

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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98. Classification of joints:  Functional:

This class of joint is slightly movable:

Explanation

Amphiathrosis is a type of joint that is slightly movable. It allows for limited movement due to the presence of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage between the articulating bones. This type of joint is found in the spine and between the pubic bones. It provides stability and support while allowing for some flexibility.

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99. How many bones in the hand

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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100. Classification of joints:  Functional:

This class of joint is immovable:

Explanation

Synarthroses is the correct answer because it refers to a class of joints that are immovable. This classification includes joints such as synchondroses, gomphosis, sutures, and symphysis. These joints have little to no movement and are typically found in the skull or between the bones of the pelvis.

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101. Classification of joints: 

Fibrous structural joints:

Examples of this include the connection between the tibia and fibula, and the radius and ulna. 

Explanation

A syndesmosis is a type of fibrous joint where the bones are connected by a ligament. This type of joint allows for limited movement and provides stability to the bones. Examples of syndesmosis joints include the connection between the tibia and fibula, and the radius and ulna.

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102. Double-layered protective membrane...outer fibrous layer is dense regular connective tissue.  Inner layer is composed of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.  Richly supplied with nerve fibers, blood and lymphatic vessels.

Explanation

The correct answer is PERIOSTEUM. The perisoteum is a double-layered protective membrane that covers the outer surface of bones. The outer fibrous layer is made up of dense regular connective tissue, providing strength and protection to the bone. The inner layer of the periosteum contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone growth and remodeling. The periosteum is also richly supplied with nerve fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and waste products.

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103. How many bones in the foot

Explanation

There are 26 bones in the foot. The foot is composed of multiple bones that form the arches, joints, and structure of the foot. These bones include the tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges. The tarsals are the seven bones that make up the ankle and back part of the foot. The metatarsals are the five long bones that connect the tarsals to the phalanges, which are the 14 small bones that make up the toes. Therefore, when all these bones are combined, there are a total of 26 bones in the foot.

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104. Hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surface of the bone and is fused to an intervening pad of fibrocartilage.  Amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility.  Examples include intervertebral joints and the public symphysis of the pelvis. 

Explanation

The correct answer is "SYMPHYSIS". The given statement mentions that hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surface of the bone and is fused to an intervening pad of fibrocartilage. This description matches the characteristics of a symphysis joint. Symphysis joints are amphiarthrotic joints that provide both strength and flexibility. They are found in the intervertebral joints and the pubic symphysis of the pelvis.

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105. The hip joint socket

Explanation

The correct answer is ACETABULUM. The acetabulum is the socket of the hip joint, where the head of the femur (thigh bone) fits into. It is a part of the diarthrosis joint, which is a freely movable joint. The other options listed are different types of joints or anatomical terms related to joints, but they are not specifically related to the hip joint socket.

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106. Classification of joints: 

Fibrous structural joints:

In middle age these fuse and are called synostoses.

Explanation

The given answer "SUTURE" is a type of fibrous structural joint. Sutures are found only in the skull and are immovable joints that fuse the bones of the skull together. In middle age, these sutures fuse completely and become synostoses.

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107. Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?

The patella

Explanation

The patella, also known as the kneecap, is classified as a short bone. Short bones are typically cube-shaped and provide stability and support to the body. The patella is a small, sesamoid bone located in front of the knee joint. Its short shape allows it to fit into the tendon of the quadriceps muscle and assist in the movement of the knee joint.

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108. External layer of skeletal bone

Explanation

Compact bone refers to the external layer of skeletal bone. It is dense and hard, providing strength and support to the bone. Compact bone is made up of tightly packed osteons, which are cylindrical structures containing layers of mineralized matrix and bone cells. This type of bone tissue is found in the diaphysis or shaft of long bones, where it forms a protective outer layer. It helps to resist bending and withstand the forces applied to the bone during movement and weight-bearing activities.

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109. This is found in the diploe of flat bones and the head of the femur and humerus

Explanation

Red marrow is found in the diploe of flat bones and the head of the femur and humerus. Red marrow is responsible for the production of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It contains a high concentration of blood vessels and hematopoietic stem cells, which differentiate into various types of blood cells. Red marrow is important for maintaining the body's blood cell count and plays a crucial role in immune function and oxygen transport.

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110. Classification of joints: 

Fibrous structural joints:

Bones are connected by a fibrous tissue ligament.  Movement varies from immovable to slightly variable.

Explanation

A syndesmosis is a type of fibrous joint where the bones are connected by a ligament or a sheet of fibrous tissue. This type of joint allows for limited movement, as the ligament provides some flexibility. It is different from other types of fibrous joints, such as sutures or gomphoses, which are immovable or only slightly movable. In a syndesmosis, the ligament allows for some degree of movement, but it is not as mobile as a synovial joint.

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111. THE FUNCTION OF THESE INCLUDE:

A storehouse for calcium salts.
Produce blood cells.
Protect delicate structers like the spinal cord.

Explanation

Spongy bone is a type of bone tissue that has a porous, honeycomb-like structure. It is responsible for producing blood cells and storing red marrow. Unlike compact bone, which is dense and hard, spongy bone is lighter and less dense. It is found at the ends of long bones, such as the epiphysis, and in the interior of flat bones, such as the bones of the skull. Spongy bone also helps to distribute forces and reduce the weight of the skeleton, making it an important component in protecting delicate structures like the spinal cord.

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112. Have no anterior attachemnts and their costal cartilages lie embeded in the muscles of the lateral body wall...

Explanation

Fontanels are soft spots on a baby's skull where the bones have not yet fused together. They allow for the baby's brain to grow and for the head to pass through the birth canal. Fontanels are a type of synchondrosis, which is a joint where the connecting material is hyaline cartilage. They are also a type of amphiarthrosis, which is a slightly movable joint. Fontanels are not found in adults as they eventually close up as the bones of the skull fuse together.

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Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?The...
Joint types,which type of joint is this:sutures
How many ribs are there total in a human?
Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below...
Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?Cube...
Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?Cube...
This hormone is most important for bone growth
What are the three parts of the strenum?
How many bones in the carpals
How many bones in the thoracic vertebrae?
Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?The...
THE SHAFT THAT FORMS THE LONG AXIS OF THE BONE.  IT IS...
Cells that resorb or break down bone matrix
What three things are needed for normal bone growth and formation?
Bone-forming cells
Structural disorders of the spine....which is lateral curvature of the...
How many bones in the phalanges of one foot total
FRACTURES:What type of fracture is this?bone end comes through the...
Central channel containing blood vessels and nerves
Decreasing the angle between two parts
Palms upward
Joint types,which type of joint is this:most common type
Palms upward
Cells that resorb or break down bone matrix
How many floating ribs?
How many bones in the carpals
How many bones in the phalanges of one hand total?
FRACTURES:What type of fracture is this?break runs at an angle across...
THE BONE ENDS COVERED BY THIN LAYER OF ARTICULAR HYALINE CARTILAGE.
This type of joint has the following range of motion:Nonaxial: ...
Mature bone cells
Which part of the strenum is the bottom?
Palms down
Toes point down as in walking on the tip toes, or as in toe dancing in...
Palms upward
THIS TYPE OF BONE FORMS THE INTERIOR OF EPIPHYSES (BONE ENDS)
Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?The...
Structural disorders of the spine....which is lateral curvature of the...
FRACTURES:What type of fracture is this?simple with no open wound
FRACTURES:What type of fracture is this?ends get jammed together
This is found in the center of bones and is fat
Which part of the strenum is the top?
Straightening or increasing the angle between two parts
Structural disorders of the spine....which one is curvature of the...
Away from the midline
Classification of joints:  Functional:This class of joint...
Classification of joints:  Fibrous structural joints:Occur...
These are the three functional classes of joints:
All bones of the skull are lined by these
Structural disroders of the spine....which one is known as "old...
__________________are soft spots on a baby's head which, during birth,...
What are the numbers of the false ribs?
Toward the midline
Turning the sole of the foot inward, so it faces the opposite foot
How many bones in the cervical vertebrae?
Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?The hip...
Structural disroders of the spine....which one is located in the...
What are the numbers of the true ribs?
Joint types,which type of joint is this:gomphoses
Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?The os...
Fibrous membranes at the angles of cranial bones that accommodate...
FRACTURES:What type of fracture is this?bone is twisted apart
HOLDS THE PITUITARY GLAND
How many bones in the metacarpals
How many bones of the metatarsals
Joint types,which type of joint is this:synchondrosis
Ankle bent so the toes are pointing up, as in standing or walking on...
THIS TYPE OF BONE FORMS THE EXTERIOR OF EPIPHYSES
How many bones in tarsals
Turning the sole of the foot outward away from the body
___________________or cancellous bone consists of a lattice of thin...
Structural disorders of the spine....which one is swayback?
Joint types,which type of joint is this:symphysis
These are the three types of fibrous structural joints.
Movement describes a cone in space
The most abundant skeletal cartilage
How many bones in tarsals
FRACTURES:What type of fracture is this?break goes straight across the...
How many bones in the lumbar vertebrae?
Twisting or pivoting of a bone around a central axis
Internal layer of skeletal bone:  also called cancellous bone
FRACTURES:What type of fracture is this?partial break
Joint types,which type of joint is this:syndesmosis
This lines the marrow cavity
WHAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERS THE ENDS OF BONES IN A SYNOVIAL JOINT
How many false ribs?
What are the numbers of the floating ribs?
_________________ or cortical bone, is made up many rod-like units...
FRACTURES:What type of fracture is this?bone is splintered or crushed
This is found in the medullary cavity and in ALL ares of spongy bone
This lines the marrow cavity
Classification of joints:  Fibrous structural joints:Examples of...
How many true ribs?
A bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones. Examples include...
Classification of joints:  Fibrous structural joints:Comprised of...
_______is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base...
The peg-in-socket fibrous joint between a tooth and its aveolar...
Classification of joints:  Functional:This class of joint is...
How many bones in the hand
Classification of joints:  Functional:This class of joint is...
Classification of joints:  Fibrous structural joints:Examples of...
Double-layered protective membrane...outer fibrous layer is dense...
How many bones in the foot
Hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surface of the bone and is...
The hip joint socket
Classification of joints:  Fibrous structural joints:In middle...
Bones are classified by shape.  Which shape is the below?The...
External layer of skeletal bone
This is found in the diploe of flat bones and the head of the femur...
Classification of joints:  Fibrous structural joints:Bones are...
THE FUNCTION OF THESE INCLUDE:A storehouse for calcium salts.Produce...
Have no anterior attachemnts and their costal cartilages lie embeded...
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