1.
The nurse is going to replace the Pleur-O-Vac attached to the client
with a small, persistent left upper lobe pneumothorax with a Heimlich
Flutter Valve. Which of the following is the best rationale for this?
Correct Answer
D. Eliminate the need for a water-seal drainage
Explanation
The Heimlich flutter valve has a one-way valve that allows air and fluid to drain. Underwater seal drainage is not necessary. This can be connected to a drainage bag for the patient’s mobility. The absence of a long drainage tubing and the presence of a one-way valve promote effective therapy
2.
The client with acute pancreatitis and fluid volume deficit is
transferred from the ward to the ICU. Which of the following will alert
the nurse?
Correct Answer
C. CVP of 12 mmHg
Explanation
C = the normal CVP is 0-8 mmHg. This value reflects hypervolemia. The right ventricular function of this client reflects fluid volume overload, and the physician should be notified.
3.
The nurse in the morning shift is making rounds in the ward. The
nurse enters the client’s room and found the client in discomfort
condition. The client complains of stiffness in the joints. To reduce
the early morning stiffness of the joints of the client,the nurse can
encourage the client to:
Correct Answer
C. Take a hot tub bath or shower in the morning
Explanation
A hot tub bath or shower in the morning helps many patients limber up and reduces the symptoms of early morning stiffness. Cold and ice packs are used to a lesser degree, though some clients state that cold decreases localized pain, particularly during acute attacks.
4.
The nurse is planning of care to a client with peptic ulcer disease.
To avoid the worsening condition of the client, the nurse should
carefully plan the diet of the client. Which of the following will be
included in the diet regime of the client?
Correct Answer
D. Eliminating intake of alcohol and coffee
Explanation
These substances stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid, which is detrimental in peptic ulcer disease.
5.
The physician has given instruction to the nurse that the client can
be ambulated on crutches, with no weight bearing on the affected limb.
The nurse is aware that the appropriate crutch gait for the nurse to
teach the client would be:
Correct Answer
D. Three-point gait
Explanation
The three-point gait is appropriate when weight bearing is not allowed on the affected limb. The swing-to and swing-through crutch gaits may also be used when only one leg can be used for weight bearing.
6.
The client is transferred to the nursing care unit from the operating
room after a transurethral resection of the prostate. The client is
complaining of pain in the abdomen area. The nurse suspects of bladder
spasms, which of the following is the best nursing action to minimize
the pain felt by the client?
Correct Answer
A. Advising the client not to urinate around catheter
Explanation
The client needs to be told before surgery that the catheter causes the urge to void. Attempts to void around the catheter cause the bladder muscles to contract and result in painful spasms.
7.
A client is diagnosed with peptic ulcer. The nurse caring for the client expects the physician to order which diet?
Correct Answer
B. Small feedings of bland food
Explanation
Bland feedings should be given in small amounts on a frequent basis to neutralize the hydrochloric acid and to prevent overload
8.
The nurse is going to insert a Miller-Abbott tube to the client.
Before insertion of the tube, the balloon is tested for patency and
capacity and then deflated. Which of the following nursing measure will
ease the insertion to the tube?
Correct Answer
C. Chilling the tube before insertion
Explanation
Chilling the tube before insertion assists in relieving some of the nasal discomfort. Water-soluble lubricants along with viscous lidocaine (Xylocaine) may also be used. It is usually only lightly lubricated before insertion
9.
The physician ordered a low-sodium diet to the client. Which of the
following food will the nurse avoid to give to the client?
Correct Answer
B. Whole milk.
Explanation
Whole milk should be avoided to include in the client’s diet because it has 120 mg of sodium in 8 0z of milk.
10.
Mr. Bean, a 70-year-old client is admitted in the hospital for
almost one month. The nurse understands that prolonged immobilization
could lead to decubitus ulcers. Which of the following would be the
least appropriate nursing intervention in the prevention of decubitus?
Correct Answer
A. Giving backrubs with alcohol
Explanation
Alcohol is extremely drying and contributes to skin break down. An emollient lotion should be used.
11.
The physician prescribed digoxin 0.125 mg PO qd to a client and
instructed the nurse that the client is on high-potassium diet. High
potassium foods are recommended in the diet of a client taking digitalis
preparations because a low serum potassium has which of the following
effects?
Correct Answer
D. Puts the client at risk for digitalis toxicity
Explanation
Potassium influences the excitability of nerves and muscles. When potassium is low and the client is on digoxin, the risk of digoxin toxicity is increased.
12.
The nurse is caring for a client who is transferred from the
operating room for pneumonectomy. The nurse knows that immediately
following pneumonectomy; the client should be in what position?
Correct Answer
C. Semi-Fowler’s on the affected side
Explanation
This position allows maximum expansion, ventilation, and perfusion of the remaining lung.
13.
A client is placed on digoxin, high potassium foods are recommended
in the diet of the client. Which of the following foods willthe nurse
give to the client?
Correct Answer
A. Whole grain cereal, orange juice, and apricots
Explanation
These foods are high in potassium
14.
The nurse is assigned to care to a client who undergone
thyroidectomy. What nursing intervention is important during the
immediate postoperative period following a thyroidectomy?
Correct Answer
B. Support the head and neck during position changes
Explanation
Stress on the suture line should be avoided. Prevent flexion or hyperextension of the neck, and provide a small pillow under thehead and neck. Neck muscles have been affected during a thyroidectomy, support essential for comfort and incisional support.
15.
What would be the recommended diet the nurse will implement to a
client with burns of the head, face, neck and anterior chest?
Correct Answer
A. Serve a high-protein, high-carbohydrate diet
Explanation
A positive nitrogen balance is important for meeting metabolic needs, tissue repair, and resistance to infection. Caloric goals may be as high as 5000 calories per day.
16.
A client with multiple fractures of both lower extremities is
admitted for 3 days ago and is on skeletal traction. The client is
complaining of having difficulty in bowel movement. Which of the
following would be the most appropriate nursing intervention?
Correct Answer
C. Ensure maximum fluid intake (3000ml/day)
Explanation
The best early intervention would be to increase fluid intake, because constipation is common when activity is decreased or usual routines have been interrupted.
17.
John is diagnosed with Addison’s disease and admitted in the
hospital. What would be the appropriate nursing care for John?
Correct Answer
A. Reducing pHysical and emotional stress
Explanation
Because the client’s ability is to react to stress is decreased, maintaining a quiet environment becomes A nursing priority. Dehydration is a common problem in Addison’s disease, so close observation of the client’s hydration level is crucial. To promote optimal hydration and sodium intake, fluid intake is increased, particularly fluid containing electrolytes, such as broths, carbonated beverages, and juices.
18.
Mr. Smith is scheduled for an above-the-knee amputation. After the
surgery he was transferred to the nursing care unit. The nurse assigned
to him knows that 72 hours after the procedure the client should be
positioned properly to prevent contractures. Which of the following is
the best position to the client?
Correct Answer
C. Lying on abdomen several times daily
Explanation
At about 48-72 hours, the client must be turned onto the abdomen to prevent flexion contractures.
19.
A client is scheduled to have an inguinal herniorraphy in the
outpatient surgical department. The nurse is providing health teaching
about post surgical care to the client. Which of the following
statement if made by the client would reflect the need for more
teaching?
Correct Answer
B. “I will be able to drive soon after surgery”
Explanation
The client should not drive for 2 weeks after surgery to avoid stress on the incision. This reflects a need for additional teaching.
20.
Ms Jones is brought to the emergency room and is complaining of
muscle spasms, numbness, tremors and weakness in the arms and legs. The
client was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The nurse assigned to
Ms. Jones is aware that she has to prevent fatigue to the client to
alleviate the discomfort. Which of the following teaching is necessary
to prevent fatigue?
Correct Answer
A. Avoid extremes in temperature
Explanation
Extremes in heat and cold will exacerbate symptoms. Heat delays transmission of impulses and increases fatigue.
21.
Mr. Stewart is in sickle cell crisis and complaining pain in the
joints and difficulty of breathing. On the assessment of the nurse, his
temperature is 38.1 ºC. The physician ordered Morphine sulfate via
patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), and oxygen at 4L/min. A priority
nursing diagnosis to Mr. Stewart is risk for infection. A nursing
intervention to assist in preventing infection is:
Correct Answer
A. Using standard precautions and medical asepsis
Explanation
Vigilant implementation of standard precautions and medical asepsis is an effective means of preventing infection
22.
Mrs. Maupin is a professor in a prestigious university for 30 years.
After lecture, she experience blurring of vision and tiredness. Mrs.
Maupin is brought to the emergency department. On assessment, the nurse
notes that the blood pressure of the client is 139/90. Mrs. Maupin has
been diagnosed with essential hypertension and placed on medication to
control her BP. Which potential nursing diagnosis will be a priority
for discharge teaching?
Correct Answer
C. Noncompliance
Explanation
Noncompliance is a major problem in the management of chronic disease. In hypertension, the client often does not feel ill and thus does not see a need to follow a treatment regimen.
23.
Following a needle biopsy of the kidney, which assessment is an indication that the client is bleeding?
Correct Answer
B. Dull, abdominal discomfort
Explanation
An accumulation of blood from the kidney into the abdomen would manifest itself with these symptoms
24.
A client with acute bronchitis is admitted in the hospital. The
nurse assigned to the client is making a plan of care regarding
expectoration of thick sputum. Which nursing action is most effective?
Correct Answer
D. Offer fluids at regular intervals
Explanation
Fluids liquefy secretions and therefore make it easier to expectorate
25.
The nurse is going to assess the bowel sound of the client. For
accurate assessment of the bowel sound, the nurse should listen for at
least:
Correct Answer
D. 2 minutes
Explanation
Physical assessment guidelines recommend listening for atleast 2 minutes in each quadrant (and up to 5 minutes, not at least 5 minutes).
26.
The nurse encourages the client to wear compression stockings. What
is the rationale behind in using compression stockings?
Correct Answer
A. Compression stockings promote venous return
Explanation
Compression stockings promote venous return and prevent peripheral pooling.
27.
Mr. Whitman is a stroke client and is having difficulty in
swallowing. Which is the best nursing intervention is most likely to
assist the client?
Correct Answer
A. Placing food in the unaffected side of the mouth
Explanation
Placing food in the unaffected side of the mouth assists in the swallowing process because the client has sensation on that side and will have more control over the swallowing process.
28.
Following nephrectomy, the nurse closely monitors the urinary
output of the client. Which assessment finding is an early indicator of
fluid retention in the postoperative period?
Correct Answer
D. Daily weight gain of 2 lb or more
Explanation
Daily weights are taken following nephrectomy. Daily increases of 2 lb or more are indicative of fluid retention and should be reported to the physician. Intake and output records may also reflect this imbalance.
29.
A nurse is completing an assessment to a client with cirrhosis.
Which of the following nursing assessment is important to notify the
physician?
Correct Answer
A. Expanding ecchymosis
Explanation
Clients with cirrhosis have already coagulation due to thrombocytopenia and vitamin K deficiency. This could be a sign of bleeding
30.
Mr. Park is 32-year-old, a badminton player and has a type 1
diabetes mellitus. After the game, the client complains of becoming
diaphoretic and light-headedness. The client asks the nurse how to
avoid this reaction. The nurse will recommend to:
Correct Answer
B. Eat a carbohydrate snack before and during the badminton match
Explanation
Exercise enhances glucose uptake, and the client is at risk for an insulin reaction. Snacks with carbohydrates will help.
31.
A client is rushed to the emergency room due to serious vehicle
accident. The nurse is suspecting of head injury. Which of the
following assessment findings would the nurse report to the physician?
Correct Answer
C. Polyuria and dilute urinary output
Explanation
These are symptoms of diabetes insipidus. The patient can become hypovolemic and vasopressin may reverse the Polyuria.
32.
Mrs. Moore, 62-year-old, with diabetes is in the emergency
department. She stepped on a sharp sea shells while walking barefoot
along the beach. Mrs. Moore did not notice that the object pierced the
skin until later that evening. What problem does the client most
probably have?
Correct Answer
D. PeripHeral neuropathy
Explanation
Peripheral neuropathy refers to nerve damage of the hands and feet. The client did not notice that the object pierced the skin.
33.
A client with gangrenous foot has undergone a below-knee amputation.
The nurse in the nursing care unit knows that the priority nursing
intervention in the immediate post operative care of this client is:
Correct Answer
A. Elevate the stump on a pillow for the first 24 hours
Explanation
The elevation of the stump on a pillow for the first 24 hours decreases edema and increases venous return.
34.
A client with a diagnosis of gastric ulcer is complaining of syncope
and vertigo. What would be the initial nursing intervention by the
nurse?
Correct Answer
B. Keep the client on bed rest
Explanation
The priority is to maintain client’s safety. With syncope and vertigo, the client is at high risk for falling.
35.
After a right lower lobectomy on a 55-year-old client, which action
should the nurse initiate when the client is transferred from the post
anesthesia care unit?
Correct Answer
D. Encourage coughing and deep breathing every 2 hours
Explanation
Coughing and deep breathing are essential for re-expansion of the lung
36.
The nurse is providing a discharge instruction about the prevention
of urinary stasis to a client with frequent bladder infection. Which of
the following will the nurse include in the instruction?
Correct Answer
B. Empty the bladder every 2-4 hours while awake
Explanation
Avoiding stasis of urine by emptying the bladder every 2-4 hours will prevent overdistention of the bladder and future urinary tract infections.
37.
A male client visits the clinic for check-up. The client tells the
nurse that there is a yellow discharge from his penis. He also
experiences a burning sensation when urinating. The nurse is suspecting
of gonorrhea. What teaching is necessary for this client?
Correct Answer
D. Sex partner needs to be evaluated
Explanation
If infected, the sex partner must be evaluated and treated
38.
A client with AIDS is admitted in the hospital. He is receiving
intravenous therapy. While the nurse is assessing the IV site, the
client becomes confused and restless and the intravenous catheter
becomes disconnected and minimal amount of the client’s blood spills
onto the floor. Which action will the nurse take to remove the blood
spill?
Correct Answer
A. Promptly clean with a 1:10 solution of household bleach and water
Explanation
A 1:10 solution of household bleach and water is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to kill the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
39.
Before surgery, the physician ordered pentobarbital sodium
(Nembutal) for the client to sleep. The night before the scheduled
surgery, the nurse gave the pre-medication. One hour later the client
is still unable to sleep. The nurse review the client’s chart and note
the physician’s prescription with an order to repeat. What should the
nurse do next?
Correct Answer
D. Explore the client’s feelings about surgery
Explanation
Given the data, presurgical anxiety is suspected. The client needs an opportunity to talk about concerns related to surgery before further actions (which may mask the anxiety).
40.
The nurse on the night shift is making rounds in the nursing care
unit. The nurse is about to enter to the client’s room when a
ventilator alarm sounds, what is the first action the nurse should do?
Correct Answer
C. Look at the client
Explanation
A quick look at the client can help identify the type and cause of the ventilator alarm. Disconnection of the tube from the ventilator, bronchospasm, and anxiety are some of the obvious reasons that could trigger an alarm.
41.
What effective precautions should the nurse use to control the
transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
Correct Answer
A. Use gloves and handwashing before and after client contact
Explanation
Contact isolation has been advised by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to control transmission of MRSA, which includes gloves and handwashing.
42.
The postoperative gastrectomy client is scheduled for discharge.
The client asks the nurse, “When I will be allowed to eat three meals a
day like the rest of my family?”. The appropriate nursing response is:
Correct Answer
D. “ It varies from client to client, but generally in 6-12 months most clients can return to their previous meal patterns”
Explanation
In response to the question of the client, the nurse needs to provide brief, accurate information. Some clients who have had gastrectomies are able to tolerate three meals a day before discharge from the hospital. However, for the majority of clients, it takes 6-12 months before their surgically reduced stomach has stretched enough to accommodate a larger meal.
43.
A male client with cirrhosis is complaining of belly pain, itchiness
and his breasts are getting larger and also the abdomen. The client is
so upset because of the discomfort and asks the nurse why his breast and
abdomen are getting larger. Which of the following is the appropriate
nursing response?
Correct Answer
A. “How much of a difference have you noticed”
Explanation
This allows the client to elaborate his concern and provides the nurse a baseline of assessment
44.
A client is diagnosed with detached retina and scheduled for
surgery. Preoperative teaching of the nurse to the client includes:
Correct Answer
C. Eye patches may be used postoperatively
Explanation
Use of eye patches may be continued postoperatively, depending on surgeon preference. This is done to achieve >90% success rate of the surgery.
45.
A 70-year-old client is brought to the emergency department with a
caregiver. The client has manifestations of anorexia, wasting of
muscles and multiple bruises. What nursing interventions would the
nurse implement?
Correct Answer
B. Complete a gastrointestinal and neurological assessment
Explanation
Assessment and more data collection are needed. The client may have gastrointestinal or neurological problems that account for the symptoms. The anorexia could result from medications, poor dentition, or indigestion, the bruises may be attributed to ataxia, frequent falls, vertigo, or medication.
46.
A nurse is providing a discharge instruction to the client about the
self-catheterization at home. Which of the following instructions
would the nurse include?
Correct Answer
A. Wash the catheter with soap and water after each use
Explanation
The catheter should be washed with soap and water after withdrawal and placed in a clean container. It can be reused until it is too hard or too soft for insertion. Self-care, prevention of complications, and cost-effectiveness are important in home management.
47.
The nurse in the nursing care unit is assigned to care to a client
who is Immunocompromised. The client tells the nurse that his chest is
painful and the blisters are itchy. What would be the nursing
intervention to this client?
Correct Answer
D. Use gown and gloves while assessing the lesions
Explanation
The client may have herpes zoster (shingles), a viral infection. The nurse should use standard precautions in assessing the lesions. Immunocompromised clients are at risk for infection.
48.
A client is admitted and has been diagnosed with bacterial
(meningococcal) meningitis. The infection control registered nurse
visits the staff nurse caring to the client. What statement made by the
nurse reflects an understanding of the management of this client?
Correct Answer
B. Respiratory isolation is necessary for 24 hours after antibiotics are started
Explanation
After a minimum of 24 hours of IV antibiotics, the client is no longer considered communicable. Evaluation of the nurse’s knowledge is needed for safe care and continuity of care.
49.
A 18-year-old male client had sustained a head injury from a
motorbike accident. It is uncertain whether the client may have minimal
but permanent disability. The family is concerned regarding the
client’s difficulty accepting the possibility of long term effects.
Which nursing diagnosis is best for this situation?
Correct Answer
D. Anticipatory grieving, due to the loss of independence
Explanation
Stem of the question supports this choice by stating that the client has difficulty accepting the potential disability.
50.
A client with AIDS is scheduled for discharge. The client tells the
nurse that one of his hobbies at home is gardening. What will be the
discharge instruction of the nurse to the client knowing that the client
is prone to toxoplasmosis?
Correct Answer
B. Wear gloves when gardening
Explanation
Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection and a parasite of birds and mammals. The oocysts remain infectious in moist soil for about 1 year.