Blood: Functions And Properties Quiz! Trivia

The normal pH range for blood is 7.35-7.45. This range is considered normal because it allows for the optimal functioning of various physiological processes in the body. Any deviation from this range can indicate an imbalance in the body's acid-base balance and may lead to health issues.

Fibrinogens are plasma proteins that play a role in blood clotting. When there is an injury or damage to blood vessels, fibrinogens are converted into fibrin, which forms a mesh-like structure to trap platelets and form a blood clot. This clotting process helps to stop bleeding and initiate the healing process. Albumins and globulins are also plasma proteins, but they do not directly participate in blood clotting. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that have various physiological effects, but they are not plasma proteins and do not have a direct role in blood clotting. Therefore, the correct answer is fibrinogens.

A hemocrit measures the percentage of red blood cells in packed blood. It is a test that determines the volume of red blood cells in relation to the total blood volume. This measurement is important in diagnosing and monitoring conditions such as anemia, polycythemia, and dehydration. By measuring the percentage of red blood cells, healthcare professionals can assess the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and evaluate the overall health of the patient's circulatory system.

Carbon dioxide is not a component of blood. It is a waste product produced by cells during cellular respiration and is transported in the blood to the lungs for exhalation. Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Formed elements include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which are all essential components of blood. White blood cells are part of the immune system and help fight off infections, while platelets are responsible for blood clotting.

The hematocrit is a measure of the volume percentage of red blood cells (RBC) in the blood. It represents the proportion of RBCs in relation to the total blood volume. Therefore, the correct answer is RBC. WBC, platelets, plasma, and proteins are also components of blood, but they are not specifically measured by the hematocrit.

Platelets play a crucial role in reducing blood loss. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets are activated and form a plug at the site of injury, preventing further bleeding. They adhere to the damaged vessel wall and release chemicals that attract more platelets, leading to the formation of a blood clot. This clot helps to seal the wound and stop bleeding. Therefore, platelets are essential in reducing blood loss and promoting clotting.

Hemopoiesis is the correct answer because it refers to the process by which formed elements of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, are produced and develop. Hematocritation, albumin genesis, and immunology are not accurate terms to describe this process.

When a mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive, there is a potential for maternal antibodies to attack the fetus. This is because the mother's immune system may recognize the Rh antigen on the fetal red blood cells as foreign and produce antibodies against it. In subsequent pregnancies with Rh positive fetuses, these antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the fetal red blood cells, leading to a condition called Rh incompatibility or hemolytic disease of the newborn.

EPO, or erythropoietin, is a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the red bone marrow. This hormone is responsible for regulating the body's red blood cell count and ensuring that enough oxygen is carried throughout the body. EPO is produced by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the blood. By increasing the production of red blood cells, EPO helps to improve oxygen delivery to tissues and organs, enhancing overall oxygenation and performance.

Heparin is an anticoagulant because it inhibits the formation of blood clots by preventing the activation of clotting factors and the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. It acts by binding to antithrombin III and enhancing its activity, which in turn inhibits the activity of thrombin and other clotting factors. Heparin is commonly used in medical settings to prevent and treat blood clots in conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and during surgeries.

The blood does not produce oxygen. Oxygen is obtained through the process of respiration in the lungs and is then transported by the blood to the cells of the body. The major functions of the blood include transportation of nutrients, regulation of blood pH, protection against disease infection, and transportation of heat.

A megakaryoblast is a precursor cell that gives rise to platelets. Platelets are small, colorless cell fragments that are involved in blood clotting. They are not red or white blood cells, but rather a specialized type of blood cell that helps in the formation of blood clots to prevent excessive bleeding. Therefore, the correct answer is platelet.

Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system's defense against pathogens. They are considered phagocytes because they have the ability to engulf and destroy foreign particles, such as bacteria and dead cells, through a process called phagocytosis. This allows them to eliminate potential threats and contribute to the body's immune response. Platelets, lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils are not phagocytes, as they have different functions in the immune system.

Platelet plug formation, vascular spasm, and clotting are all methods that provide hemostasis. Platelet plug formation occurs when platelets adhere to the site of injury and aggregate to form a plug, which helps to stop bleeding. Vascular spasm is the constriction of blood vessels in response to injury, reducing blood flow to the area and further aiding in hemostasis. Clotting, or coagulation, involves a series of chemical reactions that result in the formation of a fibrin clot, which reinforces the platelet plug and seals the damaged blood vessel. Together, these three methods work to prevent excessive bleeding and promote wound healing.

Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances such as nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. It is mainly composed of water, which makes up approximately 91% of its composition. This high water content is essential for maintaining the fluid balance in the body and facilitating the transportation of other components within the blood plasma.

Globulins are a group of plasma proteins that play a crucial role in disease resistance. They are involved in immune responses and help in the production of antibodies, which are essential for fighting off infections and diseases. Globulins also play a role in transporting nutrients and hormones throughout the body, contributing to overall health and immunity.

A red blood cell without a nucleus is called a reticulocyte. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that still contain some remnants of ribosomes and other organelles. As they mature, these remnants are gradually expelled, resulting in the characteristic biconcave shape of mature red blood cells. Reticulocytes play a crucial role in transporting oxygen to tissues and removing carbon dioxide from the body.

Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carrying carbon dioxide, a waste product, back to the lungs to be exhaled. This process is known as gas transport. Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin that binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it in the tissues. This function is crucial for maintaining the body's oxygen levels and ensuring proper cellular function.

Emigration refers to the process of a white blood cell squeezing between cells to exit the blood vessel. This term accurately describes the movement of white blood cells from the bloodstream to the surrounding tissues. The other options, such as wandering, adhesion, hempoiesis, and phagocytosis, do not specifically describe this process of white blood cells exiting the blood vessel.

During hemopoiesis, myeloid stem cells differentiate into progenitor cells. Progenitor cells are the intermediate stage between stem cells and fully differentiated cells. They have the ability to further differentiate into specific cell types, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which are essential for the functioning of the immune system and blood clotting. Therefore, the differentiation of myeloid stem cells into progenitor cells is a crucial step in the production of blood cells.

Ferritin is a protein that plays a crucial role in iron storage. It binds to excess iron in the body, preventing it from causing damage to cells and tissues. By storing iron, ferritin ensures that there is a readily available supply of iron when needed for various physiological processes such as hemoglobin synthesis and energy production. Therefore, the correct answer is "Store iron."

Basophil is not an agranular leukocyte because it is a granulocyte. Granulocytes contain granules in their cytoplasm, which can be seen under a microscope. Basophils have large granules that contain histamine and other inflammatory mediators. Monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes because they do not have visible granules in their cytoplasm. Monocytes are large white blood cells that can differentiate into macrophages, which are responsible for engulfing and digesting pathogens. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response.

Each red blood cell (RBC) contains approximately 280 million hemoglobin molecules. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. The high number of hemoglobin molecules in each RBC allows for efficient oxygen transport and delivery to the body's tissues and organs.

Mast cells are known to release various substances, including heparin, histamine, and protease. However, they do not release nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is mainly produced by endothelial cells and certain neurons. It acts as a signaling molecule in various physiological processes, such as vasodilation and neurotransmission.

Factor XIII is responsible for cross-linking fibrin strands in a blood clot, which strengthens and stabilizes the clot. It plays a crucial role in the final stages of clot formation by creating covalent bonds between fibrin molecules, making the clot more resistant to breakdown. Factors V, VII, XI, and XIV are also involved in the clotting cascade, but they do not directly contribute to clot stabilization like Factor XIII does.

The normal average temperature of the blood is around 100.4OF. This is the standard body temperature that is considered to be normal for most individuals. It is important for the body to maintain this temperature in order to ensure proper functioning of various bodily processes. Deviations from this temperature can indicate the presence of an underlying health condition.

Basophils are a type of white blood cell that promotes inflammation. They release histamine and other chemicals in response to an injury or infection, which causes blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable. This allows immune cells and fluid to enter the affected area, leading to redness, swelling, and warmth - all characteristic signs of inflammation.

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a role in the immune response against parasites and allergic reactions. They release enzymes and proteins that help destroy antigen-antibody complexes, which are formed when antibodies bind to antigens. Eosinophils are particularly effective at destroying these complexes due to the enzymes they release, such as eosinophil peroxidase. This enzyme generates reactive oxygen species that can break down and destroy the complexes, helping to eliminate foreign substances from the body.

Prothrombinase is the correct answer because it is an enzyme that converts prothrombin into thrombin. Thrombin then acts on fibrinogen to form fibrin, which is the main component of blood clots. Once the clotting process is initiated, both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways converge and become identical, leading to the formation of prothrombinase and subsequent clot formation. Calcium is also necessary for the clotting process, but it is not directly involved in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. It does not directly cause the development of megakaryoblasts, which are precursors to platelets. Thrombopoietin, on the other hand, is the hormone responsible for the development of megakaryoblasts and subsequent platelet production. Therefore, the correct answer is Thrombopoietin.

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a role in the immune response by destroying pathogens and parasites. They release toxic substances that help to kill these foreign invaders. Therefore, eosinophils provide immune responses by destroying pathogens and parasites.

Prostacyclin opposes the action of thromboxane A2. Thromboxane A2 is a potent vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregator, promoting blood clot formation. Prostacyclin, on the other hand, is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation, working in opposition to thromboxane A2. By inhibiting platelet aggregation and promoting vasodilation, prostacyclin helps prevent the formation of blood clots and maintain normal blood flow.