Block 7 Pace Quizz 1 Prt 1
Semester 2 PACE quiz 5 nov 2011
- 1.Dr. Larsen In the last century, several countries instituted policies where sterilization was forced on, for example, people with mental retardation. In addition to this being ethically questionable, one of the reasons it was also wrong is because:
- A.
Most of the cases caused by autosomal recessive genes are due to new mutations
- B.
Most of the cases caused by dominant diseases come from new mutations
- C.
Most dominant alleles are hidden in heterozygotes
- D.
All recessive alleles are lost in the first generation anyway
- E.
The phenotypes is a side effect of elements that are beneficial to mankind
- 2.Imagine a species of Giraffe living on the savanna in Africa. The overall size of these varies as expected for a quantitative trait. The smallest giraffes have difficulty surviving, because they cannot reach the leaves on the trees that this species feed on. The largest giraffes have difficulty growing muscles large enough to move the massive bones needed for supporting this size of an animal. Therefore, the giraffes closest to the average size stand the best chance of surviving and reproducing. This is an example of which special concept?
- A.
Disruptive selection
- B.
Directional selection
- C.
Stabilizing selection
- D.
Founder effect
- E.
Genetic drift
- 3.A syndrome is known to cause excessive height, reduced IQ, and the cells exhibit 1 Barr body. Which karyotype is most compatible with the above description?
- A.
45X
- B.
46XX, del(5p)
- C.
47XXX
- D.
47XXY
- E.
47XYY
- 4.Your patient has Down syndrome. Talking with the parents, they ask you: what is the risk that we would have a child with Down syndrome if we have another child? Your best estimate of the risk is:
- A.
Around 50%
- B.
24-26%
- C.
About 10%
- D.
1-2 %
- E.
Virtually 0%
- 5.Dr. Blanchetot Neurobibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. The cardinal features are café au lait spots, small soft fleshy growth known as neurofibromata and Lisch nodules in the iris. NF1 is caused by mutations of a gene termed neurofibromin located on chromosome 17. Loss of heterozygosity for markers for chromosome 17 markers has been observed in small benign neurofibromata. This feature is an indication that
- A.
The gene responsible is likely to be a fibroblast growth factor receptor
- B.
The gene responsible is showing recessive inheritance at cellular level
- C.
The gene responsible is likely to be an oncogene
- D.
A balanced translocation involving an oncogene on chromosome 17 has occurred
- E.
Gene amplification of an oncogene is responsible for the presence of fibromata
- 6.
Martha, 31, comes to a genetic clinic on a referral from her family physician. The family history (see below) reveals several individuals with colon cancer on her mother’s side. Martha’s mother died in an accident at the age of 38 and was known to be healthy. Martha explains that she is fine and she has been not diagnosed with any health problem and she considers herself unlikely to be at risk of any problem What is the most appropriate statement that the physician will provide to Martha?- A.
The high frequency of colon cancer suggests that her maternal grandfather (II-1) is a carrier of a recessive trait
- B.
Because her mother and uncles were not affected it is unlikely that she develop colon cancer
- C.
Her 60-year old maternal uncle (III-4) should have a colonoscopy
- D.
Martha should have a colonoscopy only when she reaches the age of 50
- E.
Her mother likely was a carrier of this trait, but her father III-1 likely was not a carrier and thus her siblings are unaffected
- 7.Dr. Kalliecharan Which of the following statements is characteristic of the ovary?
- A.
The theca interna secretes androstenedione in response to LH
- B.
The granulosa layer of cells of a secondary follicle is highly vascularized
- C.
The theca externa has LH receptors and produces androstenedione
- D.
The basal lamina separates the primary oocyte from the granulosa layer
- E.
The secondary follicle contains a secondary oocyte
- 8.Which of the following gonadotropins is correctly associated with the structures in the ovary?
- A.
FSH stimulates the primordial follicles to develop
- B.
LH stimulates proliferation of the granulosa layer of cells in the multilaminar primary follicle
- C.
FSH inhibits the production of progesterone in the corpus luteum
- D.
FSH stimulates proliferation of the follicular cells in the granulosa layer of the secondary follicle
- E.
LH inhibits the production of estrogen in the corpus luteum
- 9.Which of the following is characteristic of the stratum basale?
- A.
It contains cells that are highly responsive to progesterone
- B.
It includes the uterine surface epithelium
- C.
It contains cells that form the surface epithelium after menstruation
- D.
It contains coiled arteries that supply blood to it
- E.
It is the layer that undergoes shedding
- 10.Dr. Yin The uterus is formed from
- A.
Sinovaginal bulbs
- B.
Pelvic part of primitive urogenital sinus
- C.
Caudal part of mesonephric ducts
- D.
Caudal part of paramesonephric ducts
- E.
Sinus tubercle
- 11.
An infant presents with a ball-like structure on her “bottom” (see image below). The ball-like structure indicated by the pointer is homologous to:
- A.
Paradidymis
- B.
Appendix testis
- C.
Seminal colliculus
- D.
Prostatic utricle
- E.
Scrotum
- 12.Dr. St. Hilaire Klinefelter’s Syndrome is a disorder that results from nondisjunction of XX homologues during meiosis. In which of the following spermatogenic cells would this most likely occur?
- A.
Type A spermatogonia
- B.
Primary spermatocytes
- C.
Type B spermatogonia
- D.
Spermatids
- E.
Spermatozoa
- 13.A 65-year-old man complains of trouble urinating. Physical exam and further tests show an enlarged prostate but no evidence of cancerous cells. A diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was made. In which region of the prostate gland is this condition most likely to occur?
- A.
Transition zone
- B.
Fibroelastic capsule
- C.
Peripheral zone
- D.
Central zone
- E.
Prostatic urethra
- 14.Dr. Thomas Which of the following potential drug targets would provide the most appropriate treatment for a man with androgen-dependent testicular cancer and hormone-dependent metastases?
- A.
Aromatase activity
- B.
GnRH receptors
- C.
5a-reductase activity
- D.
Adenylate cyclase activity
- E.
Prostaglandin
- 15.A 36-year-old woman requests a prescription from her gynecologist for oral contraceptives. She is married, has two children, 4 and 6 years of age, and works in a factory where she stands all day. She smokes cigarettes on a regular basis and drinks moderately on weekends. She is 5’6” tall and weighs 185lbs. Her physical exam is otherwise unremarkable. Which of the above features of her history and physical most likely will keep her physician from prescribing combined oral contraceptives for this patient?
- A.
Her cigarette smoking
- B.
Her BMI
- C.
Her job
- D.
Her alcohol consumption
- E.
Her previous pregnancies
- 16.Dr. Wright A male visited his family doctor because he had no facial hair and significant development of breast tissue. This was tentatively diagnosed as gynecomastia. A physical exam revealed that he was overweight (190% of normal weight for his height). Overproduction of what hormone was most likely responsible for the gynecomastia?
- A.
Testosterone
- B.
Dihydrotesterone
- C.
Cortisol
- D.
Progesterone
- E.
Estradiol
- 17.In the menstrual cycle, there are two separate negative feedbacks and one positive feedback, depending on the point in the cycle. In a normal 28 day cycle, on day 12, what feedback loop is active?
- A.
Estradiol-dependent positive feedback
- B.
Progesterone-dependent negative feedback
- C.
Estradiol-dependent negative feedback
- D.
Progesterone-dependent positive feedback
- E.
Testosterone-dependent negative feedback
- 18.
A 48-year-old female complains that for the past 6 months she has had episodes in which her face and neck have become hot and red. She has been amenorrheic for the past 7 months and her home pregnancy test was negative. However, prior to this her menstrual history was normal. Circulating levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and estradiol were measured. What would be the predicted results?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
- E.
5
- 19.Dr. Barremkala A 30-year-old gymnast is admitted to the E.R. after a fall from the high bar while he was practicing his routine. He complains of lower back pain and paresthesia into the lower extremities. The CT scan shows a fracture of the L2 vertebra with compression of the spinal cord. A neurologist confirms the destruction of the sacral segments of the spinal cord. Which of the following is the most likely finding you will see in this patient?
- A.
Decreased sperm count
- B.
Decreased sweating in the lower limbs
- C.
Increased peristalsis of descending colon
- D.
Paralysis of arrector pili muscles of the lower limbs
- E.
Inability to achieve erection
- 20.
A 48-year-old women presents to you with a swelling in her left labia majora associated with pain. Given of the location of the swelling, you diagnosis it as Bartholinitis. Which group of lymph nodes will you examine for the signs of inflammation?
- A.
Superficial inguinal
- B.
Lumbar
- C.
Internal iliac
- D.
External iliac
- E.
Deep inguinal
- 21.Riley–Day syndrome is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system which affects the development and survival of sensory, sympathetic and some parasympathetic neurons in the autonomic and sensory nervous system resulting in variable symptoms including: insensitivity to pain, labile blood pressure, ataxia and feeding difficulties. This syndrome will most likely affect which of the following structures?
- A.
Pelvic diaphragm
- B.
External anal sphincter
- C.
External urethral sphincter
- D.
Internal urethral sphincter
- E.
Internal anal sphincter
- 22.A 53-year-old woman is concerned as she has discomfort and difficulty during micturition. On vaginal examination, you see a protrusion from the anterior wall of the vaginal orifice. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A.
Hydrocele
- B.
Cystocele
- C.
Rectocele
- D.
Varicocele
- E.
Cremnocele
- 23.Dr. Dhiman During surgery to treat an ischioanal abscess, the inferior rectal nerve is damaged. This nerve is a direct branch of which of the following nerves?
- A.
Pudendal nerve
- B.
Inferior gluteal nerve
- C.
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
- D.
Sciatic nerve
- E.
Superior gluteal nerve
.JPG "Martha, 31, comes to a genetic clinic on a referral from her family physician. The family history (see below) reveals several individuals with colon cancer on her mother’s side. Martha’s mother died in an accident at the age of 38 and was known to be healthy. Martha explains that she is fine and she has been not diagnosed with any health problem and she considers herself unlikely to be at risk of any problem
What is the most appropriate statement that the physician will provide to Martha?")
.JPG "An infant presents with a ball-like structure on her “bottom” (see image below). The ball-like structure indicated by the pointer is homologous to:")
.JPG "A 48-year-old female complains that for the past 6 months she has had episodes in which her face and neck have become hot and red. She has been amenorrheic for the past 7 months and her home pregnancy test was negative. However, prior to this her menstrual history was normal. Circulating levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and estradiol were measured. What would be the predicted results?")
.JPG "A 48-year-old women presents to you with a swelling in her left labia majora associated with pain. Given of the location of the swelling, you diagnosis it as Bartholinitis. Which group of lymph nodes will you examine for the signs of inflammation?")
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