When both testes fail to develop, all of the following events occur except:

External genitalia are the male type.

Mullerian-inhibiting factor is absent

External genitalia are the male type.

Paramesonephric ducts do not regress.

What is the pivotal change in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that defines the onset of puberty in the male?

Increased frequency and amplitude for release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).

Suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).

Reduced synthesis of estradiol by extragonadal tissue.

Enhanced synthesis of androstenedione by extragonadal tissue.

Increased frequency and amplitude for release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).

Increased release of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) by arcuate neurons of the hypothalamus.

The labia minora in the female and the __________ in the male are derived from the same embryonic structures.

penis surrounding penile urethra

Ductuli efferentes are derived from the

Remaining excretory tubules of mesonephros

The uterus is formed from

Caudal part of paramesonephric ducts

Pelvic part of primitive urogenital sinus

Caudal part of mesonephric ducts

Caudal part of paramesonephric ducts

All of the following structures are derived from endoderm Except:

Epithelial lining of the female urethra

Block 7 Male Female Repro MCQ's

1.

When both testes fail to develop, all of the following events occur except:
- A.
  
  Mullerian-inhibiting factor is absent
- B.
  
  Mesonephric ducts regress
- C.
  
  External genitalia are the male type.
- D.
  
  Paramesonephric ducts do not regress.
- E.
  
  Masculinity is repressed
Correct Answer
C. External genitalia are the male type.

Explanation
When both testes fail to develop, it results in a condition called testicular dysgenesis. In this condition, the absence of testes leads to the absence of testosterone production, which is responsible for the development of male external genitalia. Therefore, in this scenario, the external genitalia will not develop into the male type.

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2.

What is the pivotal change in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that defines the onset of puberty in the male?
- A.
  
  Suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
- B.
  
  Reduced synthesis of estradiol by extragonadal tissue.
- C.
  
  Enhanced synthesis of androstenedione by extragonadal tissue.
- D.
  
  Increased frequency and amplitude for release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).
- E.
  
  Increased release of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) by arcuate neurons of the hypothalamus.
Correct Answer
D. Increased frequency and amplitude for release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).

Explanation
During puberty in males, there is an increase in the frequency and amplitude of release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH is released by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland. LH and FSH then act on the testes to stimulate the production of testosterone and sperm, leading to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and fertility. Therefore, the increased frequency and amplitude of GnRH release is the pivotal change that defines the onset of puberty in males.

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3.

In male fetal development, which hormone (or absence of any hormone) is responsible for regression of the structures that would otherwise form the uterus?
- A.
  
  The absence of any hormone
- B.
  
  Testosterone
- C.
  
  Progesterone
- D.
  
  Anti-mullerian hormone
- E.
  
  Dihydrotestosterone
Correct Answer
D. Anti-mullerian hormone

Explanation
Anti-Mullerian hormone is responsible for the regression of the structures that would otherwise form the uterus in male fetal development. This hormone inhibits the development of the Mullerian ducts, which are responsible for the formation of the uterus and other female reproductive structures. Therefore, the presence of anti-Mullerian hormone prevents the development of these structures in males.

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4.

Failure to develop sinovaginal bulbs results in
- A.
  
  Uterus didelphys
- B.
  
  Double vagina
- C.
  
  Uterus bicornis
- D.
  
  Atretic cervix
- E.
  
  Short and atretic vagina
Correct Answer
E. Short and atretic vagina

Explanation
Failure to develop sinovaginal bulbs results in a short and atretic vagina. The sinovaginal bulbs are embryonic structures that give rise to the lower part of the vagina. If these bulbs fail to develop properly, it can lead to a shortened and closed-off vagina, known as a short and atretic vagina. This condition can cause difficulties with sexual intercourse and may require surgical intervention to correct.

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5.

The labia minora in the female and the __________ in the male are derived from the same embryonic structures.
- A.
  
  Scrotum
- B.
  
  Penile urethra
- C.
  
  Shaft of penis
- D.
  
  Penis surrounding penile urethra
- E.
  
  Perineum
Correct Answer
D. Penis surrounding penile urethra

Explanation
The correct answer is penis surrounding penile urethra. The labia minora in females and the penis surrounding penile urethra in males are derived from the same embryonic structures. During embryonic development, the genital tubercle forms and can differentiate into either the clitoris or the penis, depending on the presence or absence of certain hormones. The labia minora in females are homologous to the penis surrounding penile urethra in males, as they both develop from the same structure.

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6.

Which of the following is the homologue of the paradidymis?
- A.
  
  Appendix epididymis
- B.
  
  Appendix testis
- C.
  
  Gartner's cyst
- D.
  
  Paroophoron
- E.
  
  Hymen
Correct Answer
D. Paroophoron

Explanation
Paroophoron is the correct answer because it is the homologue of the paradidymis. The paroophoron is a vestigial structure found in females that is equivalent to the paradidymis in males. Both structures develop from the same embryonic tissue and have similar functions. Therefore, the paroophoron is the homologue of the paradidymis.

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7.

The septa within each test is that separates the different compartments of seminiferous tubules are derived from which structure?
- A.
  
  Internal spermatic fascia
- B.
  
  Visceral tunica vaginalis
- C.
  
  Parietal tunica vaginalis
- D.
  
  Tunica albuginea
- E.
  
  Epididymis
Correct Answer
D. Tunica albuginea

Explanation
The septa within each testis that separates the different compartments of seminiferous tubules are derived from the tunica albuginea. The tunica albuginea is a dense fibrous capsule that surrounds the testis and extends inward to form septa, which divide the testis into lobules. These septa provide structural support and organization to the seminiferous tubules, where spermatogenesis takes place. The other options listed are not directly involved in the formation of the septa within the testis.

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8.

Ductuli efferentes are derived from the
- A.
  
  Remaining excretory tubules of mesonephros
- B.
  
  Mesonephric ducts
- C.
  
  Paramesonephric ducts
- D.
  
  Cortical cords
- E.
  
  Primitive sex cords
Correct Answer
A. Remaining excretory tubules of mesonephros

Explanation
Rete testis: --from medullary/testis cords (primitive sex cords)
Ductuli efferentes: -- from the remaining parts of excretory tubules of mesonephros
Ductus deferens& ductus epididymis: -- from the mesonephric/wollfian duct.

Vestigial structures in male:
Appendix epididymis
Paradidymis
Prostatic utricle
Appendix testis
(slide 25 Male femal repro-Yin)

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9.

An infant presents with a ball-like structure on her "bottom " (see image below). The baII-Iike structure indicated by the pointer is homologous to:
- A.
  
  Paradidymis
- B.
  
  Appendix testis
- C.
  
  Seminal colliculus
- D.
  
  Prostatic utricle
- E.
  
  Scrotum
Correct Answer
C. Seminal colliculus

Explanation
Hydrometrocolpos

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10.

The uterus is formed from
- A.
  
  Sinovaginal bulbs
- B.
  
  Pelvic part of primitive urogenital sinus
- C.
  
  Caudal part of mesonephric ducts
- D.
  
  Caudal part of paramesonephric ducts
- E.
  
  Sinus tubercle
Correct Answer
D. Caudal part of paramesonephric ducts

Explanation
The uterus is formed from the caudal part of the paramesonephric ducts. During embryonic development, the paramesonephric ducts, also known as the Müllerian ducts, give rise to the female reproductive system, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper part of the vagina. The caudal part of the paramesonephric ducts specifically develops into the uterus.

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11.

All of the following structures are derived from endoderm Except:
- A.
  
  Allantoic epithelium
- B.
  
  Epithelial lining of the female urethra
- C.
  
  Mesonephric duct
- D.
  
  Primordial germ cells
- E.
  
  Urinary bladder epithelium
Correct Answer
C. Mesonephric duct

Explanation
Mesonephric duct is from 2nd kidney system, which is from intermediate mesoderm.

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Block 7 Male Female Repro MCQ's

When both testes fail to develop, all of the following events occur except:

What is the pivotal change in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that defines the onset of puberty in the male?

In male fetal development, which hormone (or absence of any hormone) is responsible for regression of the structures that would otherwise form the uterus?

Failure to develop sinovaginal bulbs results in

The labia minora in the female and the __________ in the male are derived from the same embryonic structures.

Which of the following is the homologue of the paradidymis?

The septa within each test is that separates the different compartments of seminiferous tubules are derived from which structure?

Ductuli efferentes are derived from the

An infant presents with a ball-like structure on her "bottom " (see image below). The baII-Iike structure indicated by the pointer is homologous to:

The uterus is formed from

All of the following structures are derived from endoderm Except: