Block 6 Anatomy Abdomen Prt 1

20 Questions | By Chachelly | Updated: Mar 22, 2022 | Attempts: 421

Questions

Settings

The diaphragm forms the upper surface of the abdomen and ends at the level of the pelvic bones, where the pelvis begins. Block six in anatomy class covers what the abdomen entails and the quiz below is the first to test out the block chapter. Give it a try and jog your memory.

Questions and Answers

1.

Which vertebral level does the transumbilical plane pass through?
- A.
  
  T10
- B.
  
  T12
- C.
  
  L3/L4 disc
- D.
  
  L5/S1 disc
- E.
  
  At the level of the sacral promontory
2.

Camper's and Scarpa's fascia refer to the:
- A.
  
  Fascial layers of the abdominal wall that are deep to the peritoneum.
- B.
  
  Superficial and deep (respectively) fascial layers of the posterior abdominal wall.
- C.
  
  Superficial and deep layers (respectively) of the rectus sheath.
- D.
  
  Fatty and membranous layers (respectively) of the superficial fascia of the inferior anterior abdominal wall.
- E.
  
  Fatty and membranous fascial layers (respectively) of the perineum.
3.

Most muscle fibers of the external oblique muscle:
- A.
  
  Run transversely
- B.
  
  Run inferomedially from their superior attachment
- C.
  
  Run inferolaterally from their superior attachment
- D.
  
  Pass deep to the linea alba
- E.
  
  Pass deep to the inguinal ligament.
4.

The nerve supply to the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall:
- A.
  
  Pierces the peritoneum immediately prior to entering the deep surface of the muscle.
- B.
  
  Is derived from the sympathetic trunk
- C.
  
  Travels between the internal oblique and transverses abdominis muscles.
- D.
  
  Also innervates the diaphragm
- E.
  
  Is derived from sacral ventral rami
5.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the rectus abdominis muscle or rectus sheath?
- A.
  
  The linea alba separates (lies in the midline between) the two rectus muscles.
- B.
  
  The attachments (tendinous insertions) between the muscle and the anterior layer of sheath account for the abdominal definition (ripples) evident when muscular individuals tense this muscle.
- C.
  
  The posterior layer of the sheath is composed of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and the transversalis fascia throughout the extent of the sheath.
- D.
  
  The external oblique aponeurosis contributes to the anterior wall of the sheath throughout the craniocaudal extent of the sheath.
- E.
  
  Transverse surgical incisions can be made in this muscle without resulting in muscle fiber necrosis.
6.

The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall assist in all of the following activities except:
- A.
  
  Inspiration
- B.
  
  Defecation
- C.
  
  Sneezing
- D.
  
  Vomiting
- E.
  
  Parturition
7.

Ascites refers to:
- A.
  
  Uncontrollable diarrhea.
- B.
  
  Uncontrollable flatulence.
- C.
  
  Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
- D.
  
  Abdominal organ enlargement
- E.
  
  Leakage of fluid through the umbilicus.
8.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the umbilicus?
- A.
  
  Umbilical hernias are more common in women.
- B.
  
  Umbilical eversion is associated with increased intraabdominal pressure.
- C.
  
  Underlying the umbilicus is the umbilical ring.
- D.
  
  All layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall fuse at the umbilicus.
- E.
  
  The umbilicus is in the L1 dermatome.
9.

Upon palpating the anterior abdominal wall of a patient, you notice an intense reflexive muscular contraction in the abdominal muscles. Which of the following is not correct pertaining to this sign?
- A.
  
  It is called "guarding."
- B.
  
  It may indicate an inflamed appendix.
- C.
  
  Functionally, these spasmodic muscular contractions are an attempt to protect the underlying viscera.
- D.
  
  It is best observed when the patient is perfectly supine.
- E.
  
  The impulses for muscular contractions are carried through the ventral rami of the inferior thoracic and first lumbar nerves.
10.

Which of the following is not correct pertaining to a typical surgical incision used for an appendectomy?
- A.
  
  The McBurney point is identified
- B.
  
  An almost transverse or an oblique (McBurney) incision may be used.
- C.
  
  The subcostal nerve is identified and preserved
- D.
  
  The iliohypogastric nerve is identified and preserved.
- E.
  
  If gridiron incisions are used, there is no loss of strength in the ability of the anterolateral abdominal muscles to resist intraabdominal pressure.
11.

Endoscopic abdominal surgery:
- A.
  
  Requires a larger incision than traditional surgery and is only used for obese patients
- B.
  
  Is more likely to result in incisional hernias
- C.
  
  Requires less time for healing than conventional surgery
- D.
  
  Refers to a procedure whereby the lower six thoracic nerves are anesthetized allowing the patient to be awake during abdominal surgery
- E.
  
  Refers to a procedure whereby abdominal surgery is performed via instruments passed through the alimentary tract
12.

A transverse incision through the rectus abdominis muscle and both layers of the rectus sheath at the arcuate line would transect the:
- A.
  
  Inferior epigastric artery.
- B.
  
  Thoracoepigastric vein.
- C.
  
  First lumbar artery.
- D.
  
  Ilioinguinal nerve.
- E.
  
  T12 intercostal nerve.
13.

Which of the following associations is incorrect?
- A.
  
  Median umbilical fold—urachus
- B.
  
  Medial umbilical folds—obliterated parts of umbilical arteries
- C.
  
  Lateral umbilical folds—inferior epigastric arteries
- D.
  
  Falciform ligament—connects internal aspect of superior abdominal wall to lesser omentum
- E.
  
  Falciform ligament—paraumbilical veins
14.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the inguinal ligament?
- A.
  
  It is composed of the aponeurotic fibers of the external oblique muscle.
- B.
  
  It extends primarily between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle.
- C.
  
  It is often perforated by a direct inguinal hernia.
- D.
  
  It has fibers that cross the midline to help form the reflected inguinal ligament.
- E.
  
  It is paralleled deeply by the iliopubic tract, which is composed of transversalis fascia.
15.

The following image depicts a physician palpating the:
- A.
  
  Fundus of the stomach.
- B.
  
  Pancreas.
- C.
  
  Inferior margin of the liver.
- D.
  
  Costodiaphragmatic recess.
- E.
  
  Transverse colon.
16.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the deep (internal) inguinal ring?
- A.
  
  It is an opening in the peritoneum.
- B.
  
  It is located lateral to the inferior epigastric artery.
- C.
  
  It transmits the spermatic cord in males
- D.
  
  It transmits the round ligament of the uterus in females
- E.
  
  It forms the deep entrance to the inguinal canal
17.

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the inguinal canal?
- A.
  
  It transmits an indirect inguinal hernia.
- B.
  
  It is traversed prenatally by the processes vaginalis, which later occludes.
- C.
  
  It is traversed prenatally by the primordial testis.
- D.
  
  Its roof is formed by the inguinal ligament.
- E.
  
  Its superficial opening is the superficial (external) inguinal ring.
18.

Cryptorchidism refers to:
- A.
  
  Inflammation of the inguinal triangle.
- B.
  
  An undescended testis.
- C.
  
  An enlargement of the round ligament of the uterus.
- D.
  
  Fluid in the inguinal canal
- E.
  
  The abnormal descent of an ovary into the inguinal canal.
19.

One of the standard tests of a newborn infant is to stroke the inside of its thigh to elicit the cremaster reflex. What would be the response you would expect to see?
- A.
  
  Twitching of the skin in the hypogastric region
- B.
  
  Closing of the labia
- C.
  
  Contraction of the dartos muscle
- D.
  
  Penile rigidity
- E.
  
  Testicular retraction
20.

In examining a male patient you place your finger in his superficial inguinal ring and ask him to cough. You then feel a sudden impulse medial to your finger. You conclude that your patient most likely has:
- A.
  
  A femoral hernia.
- B.
  
  A direct inguinal hernia.
- C.
  
  An undescended testis.
- D.
  
  A supravesical hernia.
- E.
  
  Testicular cancer.