Block 3 The Vessels Practice MCQ's - The Cardiovascular System (II)
- 1.
The course of the adult recurrent laryngeal nerves differs on the two sides because of differences in the transformation of the sixth aortic arch arteries. As a result the
- A.
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the ligamentum arteriosum
- B.
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the right subclavian artery
- C.
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the right common carotid artery
- D.
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the pulmonary artery
- E.
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the arch of the aorta
Correct Answer
B. Right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the right subclavian arteryExplanation
The course of the adult recurrent laryngeal nerves differs on the two sides due to differences in the transformation of the sixth aortic arch arteries. In the case of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve, it hooks around the right subclavian artery. This is because of the specific anatomical arrangement of the structures in that area. The right subclavian artery is located in close proximity to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve, causing it to take a different course compared to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The fetal left atrium receives blood from the
- A.
Common cardinal vein
- B.
Right atrium
- C.
Sinus venosus
- D.
Pulmonary artery
- E.
Ductus arteriosus
Correct Answer
B. Right atriumExplanation
The fetal left atrium receives blood from the right atrium. During fetal development, oxygenated blood from the placenta enters the fetus through the umbilical vein and is directed towards the liver. From there, the blood flows into the inferior vena cava and then into the right atrium. The right atrium then pumps the blood into the left atrium through the foramen ovale, a hole in the septum between the two atria. This allows oxygenated blood to bypass the lungs, which are non-functional in the fetus, and reach the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which major artery or arteries are derived from the third aortic arches?
- A.
Arch of the aorta
- B.
Right subclavian artery
- C.
Common carotid arteries
- D.
Pulmonary artery
- E.
Dorsal aorta
Correct Answer
C. Common carotid arteriesExplanation
The common carotid arteries are derived from the third aortic arches. The aortic arches are embryonic structures that give rise to major arteries in the body. The third aortic arches specifically develop into the common carotid arteries, which are responsible for supplying blood to the head and neck. Therefore, the correct answer is common carotid arteries.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The hepatic sinusoids that can be observed histologically in an adult liver are derived from the
- A.
Supracardinal veins
- B.
Anterior cardinal veins
- C.
Posterior cardinal veins
- D.
Vitelline veins
- E.
Subcardinal veins
Correct Answer
D. Vitelline veinsExplanation
The hepatic sinusoids in an adult liver are derived from the vitelline veins. During embryonic development, the vitelline veins carry blood from the yolk sac to the developing liver. These veins eventually form the hepatic sinusoids, which are specialized blood vessels in the liver that allow for the exchange of nutrients, waste products, and hormones between the blood and liver cells. Therefore, the correct answer is vitelline veins.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following arterial malformations is very common in premature infants?
- A.
Patent ductus arteriosus
- B.
Coarctation of the aorta
- C.
Right aortic arch
- D.
Double aortic arch
- E.
Abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery
Correct Answer
A. Patent ductus arteriosusExplanation
Patent ductus arteriosus is very common in premature infants. The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta during fetal development. In premature infants, this ductus fails to close after birth, resulting in a patent ductus arteriosus. This condition can lead to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, causing symptoms such as difficulty breathing and poor feeding. Treatment may involve medication or surgical intervention to close the ductus.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The superior mesenteric artery is derived from which of the following?
- A.
Left and right umbilical arteries
- B.
Umbilical arterial plexus
- C.
A branch of the right umbilical artery
- D.
Vitelline arterial plexus
- E.
The left vitelline artery joining with the posterior cardinal artery
Correct Answer
D. Vitelline arterial plexusExplanation
The superior mesenteric artery is derived from the vitelline arterial plexus. The vitelline arterial plexus is a network of blood vessels that forms during embryonic development and supplies blood to the developing intestines. As the embryo grows, the vitelline arterial plexus gives rise to several major arteries, including the superior mesenteric artery. This artery provides blood supply to the midgut, which includes parts of the small intestine, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon.Rate this question:
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- 7.
In the adult, the foramen ovale becomes the
- A.
Ligamentum arteriosum.
- B.
Ligamentum venosum
- C.
Oval foramen
- D.
Oval fossa
- E.
Median oval ligament
Correct Answer
D. Oval fossaExplanation
In the adult, the foramen ovale becomes the oval fossa. This is because the foramen ovale is a small opening in the fetal heart that allows blood to bypass the lungs. After birth, when the lungs become functional, the foramen ovale closes and eventually forms a depression in the wall of the heart called the oval fossa. The oval fossa is a remnant of the foramen ovale and is a normal anatomical feature in adults.Rate this question:
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- 8.
In the fetus, the vasculature undergoes extensive remodeling. Which of the following vessels DOES NOT degenerate during this event?
- A.
Left vitelline vein
- B.
Right dorsal aorta
- C.
Left umbilical vein
- D.
Right umbilical vein
- E.
Fifth aortic arch arteries
Correct Answer
C. Left umbilical veinExplanation
The left umbilical vein persists and delivers blood from the placenta to the developing fetus.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Where would you find the ductus venosus?
- A.
In the adult liver
- B.
Connecting the fetal pulmonary artery to the aorta
- C.
Connecting the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in the fetal right atrium
- D.
Between the right atrium and the left atrium in the adult heart
- E.
Connecting the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in the fetal liver
Correct Answer
C. Connecting the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in the fetal right atriumExplanation
In the fetus, the ductus venosus shunts approximately half of the blood flow of the umbilical vein directly to the inferior vena cava. Thus, it allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The superior vena cava is a major vessel draining the head and neck. Which embryological vessels give rise to this structure?
- A.
The left anterior cardinal vein with the right anterior cardinal vein
- B.
The left anterior cardinal vein and the left common cardinal vein
- C.
The right anterior cardinal vein and the right common cardinal vein
- D.
The left common cardinal vein and the right common cardinal vein
- E.
The right posterior cardinal vein and the right common cardinal vein
Correct Answer
C. The right anterior cardinal vein and the right common cardinal veinExplanation
The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of the right anterior cardinal vein and the right common cardinal vein during embryological development. These vessels eventually give rise to the major vessel that drains blood from the head and neck.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 11, 2011Quiz Created by
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