Block 3 Anat Thorax

45 Questions | By Chachelly | Last updated: Mar 20, 2022 | Total Attempts: 215

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1.

A 32-year-old patient who weighed 275 pounds came to doctor's office. On the surface of the chest, a physician was able to locate the apex of the heart:
- A.
  
  At the level of the sternal angle
- B.
  
  In the left fourth intercostal space
- C.
  
  In the left fifth intercostal space
- D.
  
  In the right fifth intercostal space
- E.
  
  At the level of the xiphoid process of the sternum
2.

A 43-year-old female patient has been lying down on the hospital bed for more than 4 months. Her normal, quiet expiration is achieved by contraction of which of the following structures?
- A.
  
  Elastic tissue in the lungs and thoracic wall
- B.
  
  Serratus posterior superior muscles
- C.
  
  Pectoralis minor muscles
- D.
  
  Serratus anterior muscles
- E.
  
  Diaphragm
3.

A 23-year-old man received a gunshot wound and his greater splanchnic nerve was destroyed. Which of the following nerve fibers would be injured?
- A.
  
  General somatic afferent (GSA) and preganglionic sympathetic fibers
- B.
  
  General visceral afferent (GVA) and postganglionic sympathetic fibers
- C.
  
  GVA and preganglionic sympathetic fibers
- D.
  
  General somatic efferent (GSE) and postganglionic sympathetic fibers
- E.
  
  GVA and GSE fibers
4.

A 17-year-old boy was involved in gang fighting and a stab wound severed the white rami communicantes at the level of his sixth thoracic vertebra. This injury would_result in degeneration of nerve cell bodies in which of the following structures?
- A.
  
  Dorsal root ganglion and anterior horn of the spinal cord
- B.
  
  Sympathetic chain ganglion and dorsal root ganglion
- C.
  
  Sympathetic chain ganglion and posterior horn of the spinal cord
- D.
  
  Dorsal root ganglion and lateral horn of the spinal cord
- E.
  
  Anterior and lateral horns of the spinal cord
5.

A 27-year-old cardiac patient with an irregular heartbeat visited her doctor's office for examination. Where should the physician place the stethoscope to listen to the sound of the mitral valve?
- A.
  
  Over the medial end of the second left intercostal space
- B.
  
  Over the medial end of the second right intercostal space
- C.
  
  In the left fourth intercostal space at the midclavicular line
- D.
  
  In the left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line
- E.
  
  Over the right half of the lower end of the body of the sternum
6.

A 19-year-old man came to the emergency department and his angiogram exhibited that he was bleeding from the vein that is accompanied by the posterior interventricular artery. Which of the following veins is most likely to be ruptured?
- A.
  
  Great cardiac vein
- B.
  
  Middle cardiac vein
- C.
  
  Anterior cardiac vein
- D.
  
  Small cardiac vein
- E.
  
  Oblique veins of the left atrium
7.

A 37-year-old patient with palpitation was examined by her physician, and one of the diagnostic records included a posterior-anterior chest x-ray film. Which of the following comprise the largest portion of the sternocostal surface of the heart seen on the radiograph?
- A.
  
  Left atrium
- B.
  
  Right atrium
- C.
  
  Left ventricle
- D.
  
  Right ventricle
- E.
  
  Base of the heart
8.

A 7-year-old boy has a damaged interventricular septum. Which of the following valves is most likely defective?
- A.
  
  Pulmonary valve
- B.
  
  Mitral valve
- C.
  
  Valve of coronary sinus
- D.
  
  Tricuspid valve
- E.
  
  Aortic valve
9.

A 54-year-old patient is implanted with an artificial cardiac pacemaker. Which of the following conductive tissues of the heart had a defective function that required the pacemaker?
- A.
  
  Atrioventricular (AV) bundle
- B.
  
  AV node
- C.
  
  Sinoatrial (SA) node
- D.
  
  Purkinje fiber
- E.
  
  Moderator band
10.

A thoracic surgeon removed the right middle lobar (secondary) bronchus along with lung tissue from a 57-year-old heavy smoker with lung cancer. Which of the following bronchopulmonary segments must contain cancerous tissues?
- A.
  
  Medial and lateral
- B.
  
  Anterior and posterior
- C.
  
  Anterior basal and medial basal
- D.
  
  Anterior basal and posterior basal
- E.
  
  Lateral basal and posterior basal
11.

The bronchogram of a 45-year-old female smoker shows the presence of a tumor in the eparterial bronchus. Which airway is most likely blocked?
- A.
  
  Left superior bronchus
- B.
  
  Left inferior bronchus
- C.
  
  Right superior bronchus
- D.
  
  Right middle bronchus
- E.
  
  Right inferior bronchus
12.

An 83-year-old man with a typical coronary circulation has been suffering from an embolism of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. This condition would result in ischemia of which of the following areas of the heart?
- A.
  
  Anterior part of the left ventricle
- B.
  
  Anterior interventricular region
- C.
  
  Posterior interventricular region
- D.
  
  Posterior part of the left ventricle
- E.
  
  Anterior part of the right ventricle
13.

A 44-year-old man with a stab wound was brought to the emergency department and a physician found that the patient was suffering from a laceration of his right phrenic nerve. Which of the following conditions has likely occurred?
- A.
  
  Injury to only general somatic efferent fibers
- B.
  
  Difficulty in expiration
- C.
  
  Loss of sensation in the pericardium and mediastinal pleura
- D.
  
  Normal function of the diaphragm
- E.
  
  Loss of sensation in the costal part of the diaphragm
14.

An 8-year-old boy with atrial septal defect presents to a pediatrician. This congenital heart defect shunts blood from the left atrium to the right atrium and causes hypertrophy of the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary trunk. Which of the following veins opens into the hypertrophied atrium?
- A.
  
  Middle cardiac vein
- B.
  
  Small cardiac vein
- C.
  
  Oblique cardiac vein
- D.
  
  Anterior cardiac vein
- E.
  
  Right pulmonary vein
15.

A 37-year-old patient with severe chest pain, shortness of breath, and congestive heart failure was admitted to a local hospital. His coronary angiograms reveal a thrombosis in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. Which of the following conditions could result from the blockage of blood flow in the circumflex branch?
- A.
  
  Tricuspid valve insufficiency
- B.
  
  Mitral valve insufficiency
- C.
  
  Ischemia of atrioventricular (AV) node
- D.
  
  Paralysis of pectinate muscle
- E.
  
  Necrosis of septomarginal trabecula
16.

A 75-year-old patient has been suffering from lung cancer located near the cardiac notch, a deep indentation on the lung. Which of the following lobes is most likely to be excised?
- A.
  
  Superior lobe of the right lung
- B.
  
  Middle lobe of the right lung
- C.
  
  Inferior lobe of the right lung
- D.
  
  Superior lobe of the left lung
- E.
  
  Inferior lobe of the left lung
17.

A thoracentesis is performed to aspirate an abnormal accumulation of fluid in a 37-yearold patient with pleural effusion. A needle should be inserted at the midaxillary line between which of the following two ribs so as to avoid puncturing the lung?
- A.
  
  Ribs 2 and 4
- B.
  
  Ribs 4 and 6
- C.
  
  Ribs 6 and 8
- D.
  
  Ribs 8 and 10
- E.
  
  Ribs 10 and 12
18.

A 6-year-old boy with tetralogy of Fallot shows the pulmonary stenosis and the right ventricular hypertrophy in addition to other symptoms. Which of the following structures is likely found in the hypertrophied heart chamber?
- A.
  
  Sinus venarum
- B.
  
  Crista terminalis
- C.
  
  Pectinate muscles
- D.
  
  Septomarginal trabecula
- E.
  
  Valve of the coronary sinus
19.

A 33-year-old patient is suffering from a sudden occlusion at the origin of the descending (thoracic) aorta. This condition would most likely decrease blood flow in which of the following intercostal arteries?
- A.
  
  Upper six anterior
- B.
  
  All of the posterior
- C.
  
  Upper two posterior
- D.
  
  Lower anterior
- E.
  
  Lower nine posterior
20.

A 56-year-old patient recently suffered a myocardial infarction in the area of the apex of the heart. The occlusion by atherosclerosis is in which of the following arteries?
- A.
  
  Marginal artery
- B.
  
  Right coronary artery at its origin
- C.
  
  Anterior interventricular artery
- D.
  
  Posterior interventricular artery
- E.
  
  Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
21.

A 75-year-old woman was admitted to a local hospital, and bronchograms and radiographs revealed a lung carcinoma in her left lung. Which of the following structures are characteristics of the cancerous lung?
- A.
  
  Horizontal fissure
- B.
  
  Groove for superior vena cava
- C.
  
  Middle lobe
- D.
  
  Lingula
- E.
  
  Larger capacity than the right
22.

An 18-year-old girl is thrust into the steering wheel while driving. Which of the following muscles is most likely damaged?
- A.
  
  Levator costarum
- B.
  
  Innermost intercostal muscle
- C.
  
  External intercostal muscle
- D.
  
  Diaphragm
- E.
  
  Muscles of the abdominal wall
23.

A 78-year-old patient presents with an advanced cancer in the posterior mediastinum. The surgeons are in a dilemma as to how to manage the condition. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?
- A.
  
  Brachiocephalic veins
- B.
  
  Trachea
- C.
  
  Arch of the azygos vein
- D.
  
  Arch of the aorta
- E.
  
  Hemiazygos vein
24.

A 46-year-old patient comes to his doctor's office and complains of chest pain and headache. His computed tomography (CT) scan reveals a tumor located just superior to the root of the right lung. Blood flow in which of the following veins is most likely blocked by this tumor?
- A.
  
  Hemiazygos vein
- B.
  
  Arch of the azygos vein
- C.
  
  Right subclavian vein
- D.
  
  Right brachiocephalic vein
- E.
  
  Accessory hemiazygos vein
25.

A 21-year-old patient with a stab wound reveals a laceration of the right vagus nerve near the trachea in the superior mediastinum. Which of the following conditions would most likely be resulted from this lesion?
- A.
  
  Loss of sensation carried by the recurrent laryngeal nerve
- B.
  
  Vasodilation of coronary arteries
- C.
  
  Dilation of the bronchial lumen
- D.
  
  Increase in cardiac rate
- E.
  
  Injury to parasympathetic preganglionic fibers