Review of material for test 2 in bioscience covering the cardiovascular system.
True
False
AV node
SA node
Purkinje Fibers
Internodal Pathway
SA Node
AV node
Sinus of Valsava
Purkinje Fibers
4th right intercostals space
3rd left intercostals space
5th left intercostals space
3rd right intercostals space
No displacement at all
Right displacement
Cephalad displacement
Lateral displacement
Left ventricle
Right Ventricle
Left Atria
Right Atria
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Left Atrial thickening
None of above
Epicardium
Endocardium
Myocardium
Pericardium
Epicardium
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
No, because that’s the normal area
No, not enough narrowing to exhibit symptoms yet
Yes
7 cm2
5 cm2
3 cm2
8 cm2
It is a Specialized conduction pathways readily spreads electrical activity from one atrium to the other
It is the fixation point for cardiac musculature and plays an important role in the structure, function, and efficiency of the heart
Acts as a reservoir for oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins
Allows aortic valve to open fully without compromising blood flow to myocardium.
Coronary Sinus
Internodal Pathways
Left circumflex artery
Sinus of Vasalva
Left Anterior descending artery
Right Coronary Artery
Circumflex Artery
Coronary Sinus
Coronary Sinus
Anterior Cardiac Veins
Obtuse marginal vein
Thebesian veins
Supraventricular tachycardia
Decreased right ventricular perfusion
Increased aortic pressure
Decreased left ventricular perfusion
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium
No effect, as myocardium can extract more oxygen from hemoglobin
Increased heart rate to increase coronary blood flow
Decrease heart rate to allow greater filling time
All the above are possible
True
False
10-15%
40-50%
20-30%
35-40%
Preload
Afterload
Heart Rate
Coronary Perfusion
Preload
Afterload
SVR
Cardiac Index
Increase contractility
Decrease contractility
Cause irregular ventricular rate
Decrease heart rate
3 L/min
950 dynes
6 L/min
10 L/min
Decrease CO by increasing afterload
Increase CO through incomplete closure of valve
No change on CO
Decrease CO through decrease in preload
Decrease CO by increasing afterload
Increase CO through incomplete closure of valve
No change on CO
Decrease CO through decrease in preload
Faster
Slower
Maintain baseline heart rate
This pt may have an exaggerated response to induction agents and to stimulation
This pt has a low cardiac output which will only be worsened when anesthesia decreases the preload and afterload
Anesthesia can cause a decrease in circulating catecholamine and this may lead to acute cardiac decompensation.
Be a super star and say all the above.
Arrythmias
HTN
Insufficient perfusion to tissues
Aneurysms
Atherosclerosis
Afterload
Preload
Cardiac Output
Take your last dose the night before since you must remain NPO for 8 hours prior to surgery.
Take a double dose of medication the night before, this way it will last until surgery.
Wait until you come to the hospital that morning, then take your medication only after we have measured your BP.
Take your morning pill as scheduled with a small sip of water in the AM.
Just wait, hypotension for a few minutes wont hurt
Turn down your VAA, to help bring up the pressure
Give some pressors for now but maintain VAA at current level
Turn to your preceptor and beg for help… making decisions is stressful!
Rate this question:
To protect heart against inflammation and infection
Is highly vascularized and provides bloodflow to coronary arteries
Provides ‘atrial kick’ to the ventricles
Stabilizes heart to its anatomic position
Acute Pericarditis
Cardiac tamponade
Acute heart failure
Early phase of new MI
Chronic constrictive percarditis
Acute pericarditis
Both conditions require only a small amount of excess fluid to cause symptoms
You should have an A-line or large bore IV for these pts
Positive pressure ventilation is contraindicated for these patients
The patient should be given metoprolol prior to surgery to decrease HR and preload
CABG pump should be ready and on stand-by during procedure
Acute Pericarditis
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiac ischemia
Cardiac Tamponade
Decreased preload
Increased sympathetic tone
Increased afterload due to release of AVP
Ventricular hypertrophy
History of DVT or PE
History of recent MI
Uncontrolled HTN
Evidence of CHF
Mrs. F who had an MI 3 months ago
Mr. H who has a history of CHF, but is currently well controlled
Mrs. E who has severe aortic stenosis
Mr. Q who is currently in a-fib
True
False
Vecuronium would be a good choice
Succinylcholine would be a good choice
Choice of muscle relaxants does not matter
Muscle relaxants are contraindicated due to pt condition
Volatile anesthetic based technique, to maintain favorable myocardial supply-demand.
Manage with opiod based anesthetic due to depressed ventricular function.
Perform regional anesthesia with moderate sedation
Cancel the case.
Slow, Fast
Equivalent to baseline, rapid
Fast, Slow
Rapid, equivalent to baseline
Avoid hypovolemia
Epidural is preferable to regional anesthesia
Avoid giving too much fluid
Ideal HR is 80-100 bpm.
2 cm2
6 cm2
8 cm2
4 cm2
Dyspnea on exertion
A-fibrillation
Left Ventricular hypertrophy
Angina
Decreased Stroke Volume
Pulm Edema
Eccentric Hypertrophy
Low SVR
Phenylephrine
Atropine
Glycopyrolate
Isuprel
Constriction of arterioles
Constriction of veins
Constriction of capillaries
Constriction of conducting arteries
Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
Wait!
Here's an interesting quiz for you.