Bioscience II: Test II

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  • 1/88 Questions

    Mr. Quoya has just received a blood transfusion of two units of type B+ blood. Woops…. He is A-. This is most likely to result in which of the following?

    • Pernicious Anemia
    • Iron Deficient Anemia
    • Hemolytic Anemia
    • Aplastic Anemia
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About This Quiz


A review of the material for Bioscience test 2. Covers hemostasis and hepatic physiology.

Bioscience II: Test II - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    To examine the extrinsic pathway, which labs would be most helpful?

    • PT, INR

    • Bleeding Time

    • APTT

    • ACT

    Correct Answer
    A. PT, INR
    Explanation
    To examine the extrinsic pathway, the most helpful labs would be PT (Prothrombin Time) and INR (International Normalized Ratio). PT measures the time it takes for blood to clot, specifically evaluating the extrinsic pathway. INR is a standardized measurement used to interpret PT results, allowing for comparison across different laboratories. Bleeding Time, aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time), and ACT (Activated Clotting Time) are not specific to the extrinsic pathway and would not provide the most relevant information in this context.

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  • 3. 

    Transfusion on multiple units of PRBC’s is associated with decreased levels of platelets, fibrinogen, and coagulation factors.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Transfusion of multiple units of PRBCs (packed red blood cells) can lead to a decrease in platelet levels, fibrinogen levels, and coagulation factors. This is because PRBC transfusions do not contain these components, and repeated transfusions can dilute the existing levels in the recipient's blood. Consequently, this can impair the blood's ability to clot properly and increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 4. 

    The presence of hemoglobin S is seen in what disorder?

    • Aplastic Anemia

    • Fanconi Anemia

    • Megaloblastic anemia

    • Sickle cell anemia

    Correct Answer
    A. Sickle cell anemia
    Explanation
    Sickle cell anemia is caused by the presence of hemoglobin S, an abnormal form of hemoglobin. This disorder is characterized by the production of crescent-shaped red blood cells that can get stuck in blood vessels, leading to pain, organ damage, and other complications. The other options listed, such as aplastic anemia, Fanconi anemia, and megaloblastic anemia, are not associated with the presence of hemoglobin S.

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  • 5. 

    Parasympathetic stimulation of the liver comes mainly from what nerve?

    • Accessory

    • Hypoglossal

    • Vagus

    • Abducens

    Correct Answer
    A. Vagus
    Explanation
    Parasympathetic stimulation of the liver primarily occurs through the Vagus nerve. The Vagus nerve, also known as the tenth cranial nerve, innervates various organs in the body, including the liver. It plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including digestion and metabolism. Therefore, the Vagus nerve is responsible for transmitting parasympathetic signals to the liver, promoting activities such as bile production and glucose metabolism.

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  • 6. 

    APTT is generally used to assess the effectiveness of _____ and the _____ pathway.

    • Heparin, Extrinsic

    • Coumadin, Extrinsic

    • Heparin, Intrinsic

    • Coumadin, Intrinsic

    Correct Answer
    A. Heparin, Intrinsic
    Explanation
    aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) is a laboratory test used to evaluate the effectiveness of heparin, an anticoagulant medication, in inhibiting the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. The intrinsic pathway is one of the two main pathways involved in the formation of blood clots. Coumadin, another anticoagulant, primarily affects the extrinsic pathway. Therefore, the correct answer is heparin and intrinsic pathway, as aPTT is specifically used to monitor the effectiveness of heparin in inhibiting the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.

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  • 7. 

    Biliary atresia affects the outflow of bile from the liver into the digestive tract. Knowing the functions of bile acids, you would know these children most likely suffer from….

    • Malabsorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins

    • Hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia

    • Overabsorption of fats/cholesterol

    • Cholecystokinin toxicity

    Correct Answer
    A. Malabsorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins
    Explanation
    Biliary atresia is a condition that affects the outflow of bile from the liver into the digestive tract. Bile acids are responsible for the digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Therefore, if the outflow of bile is impaired, it would lead to the malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. This explains why children with biliary atresia would most likely suffer from malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins.

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  • 8. 

    The most common cause of cirrhosis is…

    • Right sided CHF

    • Alcohol Consumption

    • Wilson’s Disease

    • Chronic Active Hepatitis

    Correct Answer
    A. Alcohol Consumption
    Explanation
    Alcohol consumption is the most common cause of cirrhosis. Excessive and prolonged alcohol intake can lead to liver damage and inflammation, causing the liver to become scarred and hardened. This condition, known as cirrhosis, can impair the liver's ability to function properly and can eventually lead to liver failure. It is important to note that not everyone who consumes alcohol excessively will develop cirrhosis, as individual susceptibility to liver damage can vary. However, alcohol abuse is a significant risk factor for developing this condition.

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  • 9. 

    Coumadin exerts its effects primarily on which coagulation pathway?

    • Intrinsic

    • Extrinsic

    • Common

    • Fibrinolytic

    Correct Answer
    A. Extrinsic
    Explanation
    Coumadin, also known as warfarin, primarily exerts its effects on the extrinsic coagulation pathway. The extrinsic pathway is one of the two main pathways involved in the coagulation cascade. It is initiated by tissue factor, which is released from damaged blood vessels. Coumadin works by inhibiting the production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, including factors II, VII, IX, and X, which are all involved in the extrinsic pathway. By inhibiting these factors, Coumadin helps to prevent the formation of blood clots.

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  • 10. 

    COMIC RELIEF: Wrong Hole Song

    • Wow, a surprise ending.

    • Is that Scott Baio?

    • No!! Noooo!! Exit Only!!!

    • All the Above

    Correct Answer
    A. All the Above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All the Above" because the given statement "Wow, a surprise ending. Is that Scott Baio? No!! Noooo!! Exit Only!!!" suggests that all of the options - "Wow, a surprise ending", "Is that Scott Baio?", and "No!! Noooo!! Exit Only!!!" - are correct.

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  • 11. 

    Following gastric bypass many patients must take vitamin supplements such as calcium, iron, and B12. A patient who is non-compliant with these vitamins may be at an increased risk for developing which of the following?

    • Thrombophilia

    • Anemia

    • Coagulopathy

    • Fluid Overload

    Correct Answer
    A. Anemia
    Explanation
    A patient who is non-compliant with vitamin supplements such as calcium, iron, and B12 after gastric bypass surgery may be at an increased risk for developing anemia. This is because these vitamins are essential for the production of healthy red blood cells, and a deficiency in any of them can lead to decreased red blood cell production and subsequently anemia. Anemia is characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following is not a known precipitating factor of a sickle cell crisis?

    • Acidosis

    • Fluid Overload

    • Stress

    • Hypothermia

    Correct Answer
    A. Fluid Overload
    Explanation
    Fluid overload is not a known precipitating factor of a sickle cell crisis. A sickle cell crisis is typically triggered by factors that cause the red blood cells to become sickle-shaped and block blood flow, leading to pain and other complications. Acidosis, stress, and hypothermia are known precipitating factors as they can cause the red blood cells to sickle. However, fluid overload does not directly affect the shape of the red blood cells and is therefore not a known precipitating factor of a sickle cell crisis.

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  • 13. 

    Chronic alcoholics are most prone to which of the following?

    • Hypomagnesemia

    • Hyperkalemia

    • Hypochloremia

    • Hypernatremia

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypomagnesemia
    Explanation
    Chronic alcoholics are most prone to hypomagnesemia, which is a condition characterized by low levels of magnesium in the blood. Alcoholism can lead to decreased intake of magnesium through the diet, increased excretion of magnesium by the kidneys, and impaired absorption of magnesium in the intestines. Magnesium plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including nerve and muscle function, blood pressure regulation, and bone health. Therefore, chronic alcoholics are at a higher risk of developing hypomagnesemia due to their alcohol consumption and its effects on magnesium levels in the body.

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  • 14. 

    You are caring for a patient who is having an ERCP today. Part way through the case the surgeon asks you is you gave the pt any fentanyl.  You innocently reply that you have…. At which point the surgeon turns psycho and starts screaming at you.  WHY?

    • Ummm… because he is a pompous jerk?

    • Opiods cause spasm of Sphincter of Oddi

    • Opiods cause spasm entire common bile duct

    • Opiods increase gastric pressure making procedure more difficult

    Correct Answer
    A. Opiods cause spasm of Sphincter of Oddi
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Opioids cause spasm of Sphincter of Oddi." The surgeon is likely upset because the spasm of the Sphincter of Oddi caused by opioids can interfere with the ERCP procedure. The spasm can make it difficult for the surgeon to access and visualize the common bile duct, potentially leading to complications or the need for additional interventions.

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  • 15. 

    While in the middle of a cholangiogram the surgeon tells you to give the pt something to open up the Sphincter of Oddi. What will you give?

    • Rocuronium 10 mg

    • Fentanyl 50 mcg

    • Glucagon 2 mg

    • Metoclopromide 10 mg

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucagon 2 mg
    Explanation
    Glucagon is the correct answer because it is known to relax the smooth muscles of the Sphincter of Oddi, which allows for better visualization during a cholangiogram. Rocuronium is a neuromuscular blocking agent used for muscle relaxation during surgery, but it does not specifically target the Sphincter of Oddi. Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic and metoclopramide is a prokinetic agent used for gastric motility, neither of which affect the Sphincter of Oddi. Therefore, glucagon is the most appropriate choice to open up the Sphincter of Oddi in this situation.

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  • 16. 

    The liver is divided into right and left lobes by what?

    • Falciform ligament

    • Hilum

    • Left Triangular Ligament

    • Ampulla of vater

    Correct Answer
    A. Falciform ligament
    Explanation
    The liver is divided into right and left lobes by the falciform ligament. This ligament is a fold of peritoneum that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and separates the liver into two distinct lobes. It is a thin, flat structure that runs from the diaphragm to the anterior abdominal wall, and its presence helps to maintain the position and stability of the liver within the abdominal cavity.

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  • 17. 

    What effect will volatile anesthetic agents have on portal hepatic blood flow?

    • Decrease

    • Increase

    • No significant change

    Correct Answer
    A. Decrease
    Explanation
    Volatile anesthetic agents are known to cause vasodilation, which leads to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. This decrease in resistance can also affect the blood flow to the liver, specifically the portal hepatic blood flow. As a result, the volatile anesthetic agents will cause a decrease in portal hepatic blood flow.

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  • 18. 

    The endothelial lining of the blood vessel wall promotes anticoagulant activity.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The endothelial lining of the blood vessel wall promotes anticoagulant activity because it releases substances such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, which inhibit platelet aggregation and prevent blood clot formation. Additionally, the endothelial cells produce antithrombotic molecules like heparin sulfate and tissue factor pathway inhibitor, which further prevent clotting. This anticoagulant activity is crucial for maintaining blood flow and preventing the formation of dangerous blood clots that can lead to conditions like deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.

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  • 19. 

    Sympathetic stimulation of the liver is provided by the spinal nerves of…

    • T1- T5

    • T6- T11

    • C5- T2

    • T10 – L2

    Correct Answer
    A. T6- T11
    Explanation
    The correct answer is T6-T11. The sympathetic stimulation of the liver is provided by the spinal nerves in this region. These nerves originate from the thoracic region of the spinal cord and innervate various organs including the liver. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for regulating various physiological processes, including liver function, by increasing blood flow and promoting glucose release. Therefore, stimulation of the sympathetic nerves in the T6-T11 region would affect liver function.

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  • 20. 

    You are the SRNA for Mr. Burton who is coming in for an emergency cranitiomy for treatment of a SDH. Mr. Burton is being transferred from the keys and his medical records lists alcohol abuse, HTN, and Acute Hepatitis. What would be best for this patient?

    • You need to postpone the surgery until his acute hepatitis has resolved. Tell surgeon to manage SDH medically for now.

    • Transfuse FFP and give Vit K as needed, This surgery must be done.

    • Tell the MDA you feel uncomfortable and have him do the case.

    • As long as the hepatitis is acute and not chronic it is perfectly safe to do the surgery. No special precautions or treatment needed.

    Correct Answer
    A. Transfuse FFP and give Vit K as needed, This surgery must be done.
  • 21. 

    In hemostasis, ________ occurs several minutes after the other two processes.

    • Vascular spasm

    • Coagulation of blood

    • Formation of platelet plug

    Correct Answer
    A. Coagulation of blood
    Explanation
    Coagulation of blood occurs several minutes after the other two processes in hemostasis. Vascular spasm is the initial response to vessel injury, where the smooth muscles in the blood vessel walls contract to reduce blood flow. Formation of a platelet plug follows, where platelets adhere to the damaged vessel wall and aggregate to form a temporary seal. Finally, coagulation of blood takes place, involving a complex cascade of reactions that result in the formation of a fibrin clot to stabilize the platelet plug and prevent further bleeding.

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  • 22. 

    Heparin affects which pathway of the clotting cascade?

    • Extrinsic

    • Intrinsic

    • Common

    • Finbrinolytic

    Correct Answer
    A. Intrinsic
    Explanation
    Heparin affects the intrinsic pathway of the clotting cascade. The intrinsic pathway is activated by contact with negatively charged surfaces, such as collagen or glass, and involves factors XII, XI, IX, and VIII. Heparin enhances the activity of antithrombin III, which inactivates factors XIIa, XIa, IXa, and Xa, thereby inhibiting the intrinsic pathway. This ultimately leads to the prevention of blood clot formation.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following is true regarding anesthetic management of the pt with sickle cell anemia?

    • Narcotics should be avoided due to risk of respiratory suppression

    • During surgery, a slight hypothermia should be maintained

    • Pt should receive generous IV fluids to be well hydrated

    • All the above are false

    Correct Answer
    A. Pt should receive generous IV fluids to be well hydrated
    Explanation
    Anesthetic management of a patient with sickle cell anemia involves providing generous IV fluids to ensure the patient is well hydrated. This is because sickle cell anemia can cause vaso-occlusive crises, which can be triggered by dehydration. By maintaining good hydration, the risk of vaso-occlusive crises can be reduced. Narcotics should not be avoided due to the risk of respiratory suppression, and maintaining slight hypothermia during surgery is not a true statement regarding anesthetic management of these patients.

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  • 24. 

    Approximately what percentage of cardiac output goes to the liver?

    • 18–22%

    • 40-45%

    • 35-38%

    • 25-30%

    Correct Answer
    A. 25-30%
    Explanation
    Approximately 25-30% of the cardiac output goes to the liver. This means that a significant portion of the blood pumped by the heart is directed towards the liver. The liver plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes, including the detoxification of harmful substances and the production of important proteins. Therefore, it requires a substantial amount of blood supply to perform its functions effectively.

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  • 25. 

    Biliary flow into the duodenum is controlled by which of the following?

    • Common Bile Duct

    • Bile Canaliculi

    • Gallbladder

    • Sphincter of Oddi

    Correct Answer
    A. Sphincter of Oddi
    Explanation
    The sphincter of Oddi controls the flow of bile from the common bile duct into the duodenum. It is a muscular valve that regulates the release of bile into the small intestine. When the sphincter of Oddi relaxes, bile is allowed to flow into the duodenum, aiding in the digestion and absorption of fats.

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  • 26. 

    The end product from the deamination of proteins in the liver is….

    • Bilirubin

    • Cholesterol

    • Ammonia

    • Urobilinogen

    Correct Answer
    A. Ammonia
    Explanation
    During deamination, proteins are broken down into their constituent amino acids. In the liver, these amino acids undergo deamination, where the amino group (-NH2) is removed. The end product of this process is ammonia (NH3), which is highly toxic to the body. The liver then converts ammonia into urea, a less toxic compound that can be excreted in urine. Therefore, the correct answer is ammonia.

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  • 27. 

    You are doing a pre-op on Mrs. Marek who is coming  in for an elective foot surgery to fix a hammer toe. She looks a little yellow, and while reading through her paperwork from her primary doc, you realize she was just diagnosed with acute hepatitis 3 weeks ago. Mrs. Marek demands that she wants her surgery today, what do you tell her?

    • I’m sorry, we can not do your surgery until this acute hepatitis has resolved. It is for your own safety.

    • As long as the hepatitis is acute and not chronic it is perfectly safe to do the surgery. We just won’t do a regional block.

    • Sure, we will need to give you some FFP and Vit K but then we may proceed.

    • Raise your hand if you want surgery today!! Oops, too slow Mrs. Marek!!! Guess you’re cancelled.

    Correct Answer
    A. I’m sorry, we can not do your surgery until this acute hepatitis has resolved. It is for your own safety.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the surgery cannot be done until the acute hepatitis has resolved for the patient's own safety. Hepatitis is a liver inflammation that can cause complications during surgery, such as impaired liver function and increased risk of bleeding. It is important to wait until the liver has recovered and the patient's overall health has improved before proceeding with any surgical intervention.

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  • 28. 

    What would be your muscle blocking agent of choice for a pt with liver cirrhosis who requires long term paralysis?

    • Cisatracurium

    • Succinylcholine

    • Rocuronium

    • Vecuronium

    Correct Answer
    A. Cisatracurium
    Explanation
    Cisatracurium would be the muscle blocking agent of choice for a patient with liver cirrhosis who requires long-term paralysis. Liver cirrhosis can affect the metabolism and clearance of drugs, and cisatracurium is primarily eliminated through non-organ-dependent Hoffman elimination. This makes it a suitable choice for patients with liver dysfunction as it is not dependent on liver metabolism for elimination. Succinylcholine, on the other hand, is metabolized by plasma pseudocholinesterase, which can be reduced in patients with liver cirrhosis. Rocuronium and vecuronium are primarily eliminated by the liver, so they may have prolonged effects in patients with liver dysfunction.

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  • 29. 

    The outermost layer of the blood vessel lining is known as….

    • Endothelial Lining

    • Adventitia

    • Muscular Layer

    • Subendothelial Layer

    Correct Answer
    A. Adventitia
    Explanation
    The outermost layer of the blood vessel lining is known as adventitia. This layer is composed of connective tissue and provides support and protection to the blood vessel. It helps to anchor the blood vessel to surrounding tissues and organs. The adventitia also contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that supply the blood vessel itself.

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  • 30. 

    Which type of Hepatitis are you most likely to get from the Subway employee that forgot to wash their hands after going to the bathroom?

    • A

    • B

    • C

    • All the above are equally possible.

    Correct Answer
    A. A
    Explanation
    Hepatitis A is primarily spread through contaminated food or water, and poor hygiene practices, such as not washing hands after using the bathroom, can contribute to its transmission. Therefore, if a Subway employee forgets to wash their hands after going to the bathroom and then handles food or prepares sandwiches, there is a higher risk of transmitting Hepatitis A to customers. Hepatitis B and C are primarily spread through contact with infected blood or body fluids, and the scenario described does not involve direct contact with blood or body fluids.

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  • 31. 

    Which layer of blood vessel lining synthesizes prostaglandins?

    • Endothelial Lining

    • Adventitia

    • Muscular Layer

    • Subendothelial Layer

    Correct Answer
    A. Endothelial Lining
    Explanation
    The endothelial lining is responsible for synthesizing prostaglandins in the blood vessels. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that have various physiological effects, including regulating inflammation, blood clotting, and blood pressure. The endothelial cells in the lining of blood vessels produce prostaglandins in response to various stimuli, such as injury or inflammation. These prostaglandins play a crucial role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and regulating blood flow.

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  • 32. 

    Where would you find Kupfer cells?

    • Lining sinusoids between liver cells

    • Within endothelial cells of blood vessels

    • Lining portal tracts of each lobule

    • Specialized cells within bile canaliculi

    Correct Answer
    A. Lining sinusoids between liver cells
    Explanation
    Kupffer cells are a type of specialized macrophage found in the liver. They are responsible for removing foreign substances, such as bacteria and old red blood cells, from the blood. The sinusoids are blood vessels within the liver that are lined by liver cells, and it is within these sinusoids that Kupffer cells are found. Therefore, the correct answer is "Lining sinusoids between liver cells."

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  • 33. 

    Several days after birth it is common for many infants to experience a mild degree of jaundice due to the breakdown of fetal hemoglobin. What product of hemoglobin metabolism is responsible for this jaundice?

    • Urobilinogen

    • Bilirubin

    • Cholecystokinin

    • Hemerubinogen

    Correct Answer
    A. Bilirubin
    Explanation
    After birth, the breakdown of fetal hemoglobin leads to the production of bilirubin, which is responsible for the mild degree of jaundice commonly seen in many infants. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is formed when heme, a component of hemoglobin, is broken down. It is then processed by the liver and excreted in the bile. In infants, the liver may not be fully developed, leading to a buildup of bilirubin in the bloodstream, causing the yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes known as jaundice.

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  • 34. 

    As you are sitting in the bathroom dropping a rather sizable fecal deposit into the toilet you start thinking back to bioscience. You begin to ponder the reduction of bilirubin in the intestines and the role this plays in your excretory process. What is the name of substance that bilirubin is converted to upon entering the intestines?

    • Bilirinogen

    • Cholecystokinin

    • Glucoribilin

    • Urobilinogen

    • The Quizmaster is a sick, sick bastard.

    Correct Answer
    A. Urobilinogen
    Explanation
    Upon entering the intestines, bilirubin is converted to urobilinogen. This conversion is an important step in the excretory process as urobilinogen is further metabolized and eventually gives urine its yellow color.

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  • 35. 

    A patient is at risk for spontaneous bleeding at any platelet level that is below…

    • 100

    • 70

    • 50

    • 20

    Correct Answer
    A. 20
    Explanation
    A patient is at risk for spontaneous bleeding at any platelet level that is below 20. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, and a low platelet count can result in difficulty in clotting, leading to spontaneous bleeding. Therefore, a platelet level below 20 indicates a significant risk for bleeding.

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  • 36. 

    At a platelet count <50, the pt is at risk for spontaneous bleeding.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    A platelet count of less than 50 indicates a low number of platelets in the blood, which can lead to an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, the statement that at a platelet count

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  • 37. 

    Normal bleeding time is….

    • 10-14 minutes

    • 30-60 seconds

    • 2-9 minutes

    Correct Answer
    A. 2-9 minutes
    Explanation
    Normal bleeding time refers to the time it takes for bleeding to stop after a small cut or injury. The correct answer, 2-9 minutes, indicates the normal range for bleeding to cease. This range is considered normal as it allows for the body's natural clotting mechanisms to take effect and stop the bleeding. Bleeding times that are significantly shorter or longer than this range may indicate underlying health conditions or disorders affecting the blood's ability to clot.

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  • 38. 

    The most well oxygenated cells in the hepatic lobules are those located….

    • Closest to central vein

    • Closest to Portal tract

    • Closest to Space of Disse

    • Closest to Kupfer Cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Closest to Portal tract
    Explanation
    The most well oxygenated cells in the hepatic lobules are those located closest to the Portal tract. The Portal tract contains branches of the hepatic artery, which supplies oxygenated blood to the liver. As the blood flows through the sinusoids in the lobules, the cells closest to the Portal tract receive the highest concentration of oxygen.

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  • 39. 

    Venous drainage from the liver goes into the…

    • Portal Vein

    • Superior vena Cava

    • Inferior Vena Cava

    • Biliary vein

    Correct Answer
    A. Inferior Vena Cava
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Inferior Vena Cava. The liver receives blood from two sources - the hepatic artery, which carries oxygenated blood, and the portal vein, which carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs. After the blood passes through the liver, it is drained by the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava, which then carries the deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Therefore, the inferior vena cava is responsible for the venous drainage from the liver.

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

    • Storage of Blood

    • Storage of Vitamin D

    • Storage of Ammonia

    • Storage of Iron

    Correct Answer
    A. Storage of Ammonia
    Explanation
    The liver performs various functions in the body, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of bile. However, it does not store ammonia. Ammonia is a toxic waste product that is produced by the breakdown of proteins in the body. It is converted into urea by the liver and then excreted by the kidneys. Therefore, the liver does not store ammonia but rather helps in its elimination from the body.

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  • 41. 

    What is the preferred treatment for intrahepatic cholestasis caused by viral hepatitis?

    • Surgical treatment

    • Medical treatment

    • Holistic treatment

    • None of above, just ignore it and it will go away.

    Correct Answer
    A. Medical treatment
    Explanation
    The preferred treatment for intrahepatic cholestasis caused by viral hepatitis is medical treatment. This typically involves using antiviral medications to target and eliminate the viral infection. Medical treatment may also include supportive care such as managing symptoms, providing adequate nutrition, and monitoring liver function. Surgical treatment may be considered in some cases, but it is not the preferred or primary treatment option for this condition. Holistic treatment may have some complementary benefits, but it is not the mainstay of treatment. Ignoring the condition will not make it go away and can lead to further complications.

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  • 42. 

    Injury to the muscular layer of the blood vessel will have what result?

    • Release of Von Willebrand Factor (Factor VII) from muscular layer

    • Acute vascular contraction of muscular layer to lessen blood flow

    • Release of Prostacyclin 2 to inihibit platelet aggregation

    • Acute vascular dilation to increase blood flow and delivery of platelets to injured site.

    Correct Answer
    A. Acute vascular contraction of muscular layer to lessen blood flow
    Explanation
    When there is an injury to the muscular layer of the blood vessel, the body's response is to initiate acute vascular contraction. This contraction helps to lessen the blood flow to the injured site, which is beneficial in reducing bleeding and preventing further damage. By constricting the blood vessels, the body is able to limit the amount of blood reaching the injured area, allowing for better clot formation and healing. This response is an important mechanism in the body's overall process of repairing damaged blood vessels.

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  • 43. 

    Which Factors are involved in the intrinsic pathway?

    • Factors III, VII

    • Factors V, X, I, II, XIII

    • Factors XII, XI, IX, VIII

    • None of the above is correct

    Correct Answer
    A. Factors XII, XI, IX, VIII
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Factors XII, XI, IX, VIII. The intrinsic pathway is one of the two pathways involved in the process of blood clotting. It is initiated by factors XII and XI, which activate factor IX. Factor IX then combines with factor VIII, calcium ions, and phospholipids to form a complex that activates factor X. This ultimately leads to the formation of a blood clot. Factors III and VII are not involved in the intrinsic pathway, and factors V, X, I, and II are not the correct combination of factors for this pathway.

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  • 44. 

    Secondary hemostasis is also known as…

    • Enzyme release from endothelium

    • Formation of platelet plug

    • Vascular spasm

    • Coagulation of blood

    Correct Answer
    A. Coagulation of blood
    Explanation
    Secondary hemostasis refers to the process of coagulation, which is the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding. During this process, a series of enzymatic reactions occur, leading to the conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin threads. These threads form a mesh-like structure that traps platelets and other blood cells to form a stable blood clot. Therefore, the correct answer is "Coagulation of blood."

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  • 45. 

    The intrinsic pathway is initiated with the activation of …

    • Factor III

    • Thromboplastin

    • Von Willebrand Factor

    • Factor XII

    Correct Answer
    A. Factor XII
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Factor XII. The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated with the activation of Factor XII, also known as Hageman factor. Factor XII is activated by binding to negatively charged surfaces, such as collagen or platelets, and undergoes a series of enzymatic reactions leading to the formation of a blood clot. This pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining hemostasis and preventing excessive bleeding.

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  • 46. 

    What is the most common cause of platelet abnormalities?

    • Drug Therapy

    • Sickle Cell

    • Von Willebrand Deficiency

    • DIC

    Correct Answer
    A. Drug Therapy
    Explanation
    Drug therapy is the most common cause of platelet abnormalities because certain medications can affect the production, function, or lifespan of platelets. Drugs like aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and certain antibiotics can inhibit platelet aggregation and increase the risk of bleeding. Other medications, such as heparin and certain chemotherapy drugs, can cause a decrease in platelet count, leading to a condition called thrombocytopenia. Therefore, drug therapy is often associated with platelet abnormalities.

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  • 47. 

    The most common type of drug induced hepatitis comes from which of the following?

    • Tylenol

    • Cocaine

    • Halothane

    • Alcohol

    Correct Answer
    A. Alcohol
    Explanation
    Alcohol is the most common cause of drug-induced hepatitis. Prolonged and excessive alcohol consumption can lead to inflammation and damage to the liver, resulting in hepatitis. Alcohol-induced hepatitis can range from mild inflammation to severe liver damage, including cirrhosis. Chronic alcohol abuse can also increase the risk of developing other liver diseases, such as alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic cirrhosis. It is important to note that other substances, such as medications and recreational drugs, can also cause drug-induced hepatitis, but alcohol remains the most common culprit.

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  • 48. 

    Signs and Symptoms of cirrhosis do not correlate with disease severity.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because the signs and symptoms of cirrhosis, such as fatigue, jaundice, and abdominal pain, do not necessarily indicate the severity of the disease. Some individuals with advanced cirrhosis may not exhibit any symptoms, while others with mild cirrhosis may experience significant symptoms. Therefore, the presence or absence of signs and symptoms cannot be used as a reliable indicator of the severity of cirrhosis.

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  • 49. 

    What effect would a plt. Count of 62 have on bleeding times?

    • None, platelets still above 50.

    • Shortened bleeding time.

    • Prolonged bleeding time.

    • Bleeding time is unrelated to plt. Count.

    Correct Answer
    A. Prolonged bleeding time.
    Explanation
    A plt. count of 62 refers to a platelet count of 62, which is below the normal range. Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting, and a low platelet count can lead to prolonged bleeding time. Therefore, a plt. count of 62 would have the effect of causing a prolonged bleeding time.

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  • Current Version
  • Jan 03, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Oct 31, 2009
    Quiz Created by
    Scottishduffy

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