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By closing its tracheae
By closing its mouth
By closing its spiracles
By closing its gills
By closing its nostrils
Decreased rate of respiration
Increased diffusion of carbon dioxide into capillaries from the alveoli
Decreased blood flow to the alveoli
Increased blood flow to the alveoli
Decreased diffusion of oxygen into the capillaries from the alveoli
Decreased uptake of carbon dioxide
Decreased uptake of glucose
Decreased uptake of oxygen
Decreased rate of respiration
Decreased heart rate
The carotid body and aorta
The medulla
The carotid body
The aorta
The medulla and carotid body
Grasshopper
Mouse
Earthworm
Carp
Crayfish
Active transport against a concentration gradient
Facilitated diffusion down a concentration gradient
Facilitated diffusion against a concentration gradient
Diffusion down a concentration gradient
The heart pumping the oxygen into the bloodstream
Active transport against a concentration gradient
Facilitated diffusion down a concentration gradient
Facilitated diffusion against a concentration gradient
Diffusion down a concentration gradient
The heart pumping the oxygen into the bloodstream
There isn’t enough oxygen in air for them to absorb
Gasses can only diffuse in water
Capillaries can only exchange gas with alveoli, not gills
They dry up when exposed to air
Aquatic animals do not transport oxygen on red blood cells
Profuse sweating
A decrease in the diameter and number of capillaries close to your body's surface
An increase in energy production
A decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
An increase in the number of your red blood cells
T cells
B cells
Leukocytes
Natural killer cells
Lymphocytes
Anterior air sacs
Lamellae of the gills
Posterior air sacs
Bronchioles
Capillaries
Dissolved in the plasma
Attached to hemoglobin
As carbonic anhydrase
As carboxyl
As bicarbonate ions
Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, pharynx, larynx
Alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, larynx, pharynx
Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx
Alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, larynx
Alveoli, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, pharynx, larynx
Connective
Epithelial
Muscle
Nervous
Vascular
Connective
Epithelial
Muscle
Nervous
Vascular
Arteries
Arterioles
Veins
Venules
Capillaries
The sense of smell
The sense of hearing
The sense of taste
The sense of vision
The sense of touch
Olfaction
Gas exchange between the lungs and the atmosphere
Production of sounds
Transport of oxygen to the cells of the body
Maintaining blood pH homeostasis
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Glottis
Uvula
Increased oxygen
Decreased carbon dioxide
Increased carbon dioxide
Decreased oxygen
Decreased nitrogen
The nose, pharynx, and trachea
The nose, larynx, and trachea
The nose, trachea, and lungs
The nose, pharynx, and larynx
The nose and pharynx
The pharynx, and lungs
The larynx, and lungs
The larynx, trachea, and lungs
The trachea and lungs
The pharynx, trachea, and lungs
Nitrogen, oxygen
Oxygen, carbon dioxide
Oxygen, nitrogen
Carbon dioxide, nitrogen
Carbon dioxide, oxygen
Nitrogen, oxygen
Oxygen, carbon dioxide
Oxygen, nitrogen
Carbon dioxide, nitrogen
Carbon dioxide, oxygen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Phosphorous
Hemoglobin
Calcium
Potassium
Zinc
Phosphorous
Iron
Cytotoxic T cells
Natural killer cells
Helper T cells
Plasma cells
Memory cells
50 Million
500 Million
500,000
300,000
300 Million
Smooth muscle
Cartilage and smooth muscle
Cartilage and skeletal muscle
Cartilage
Skeletal muscle
They have more efficient lungs than other vertebrates
They have reduced amounts of hemoglobin in their blood
Their mitochondria are more efficient than those of other vertebrates
Their heart can increase or decrease in size as altitude changes
They are able to store oxygen in oxygen chambers within muscle cells
Water
Electrons
Hydrogen peroxide
Carbon dioxide
Glucose
Release oxygen and carbon dioxide
Exchange CO2 for O2
Take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide to the blood
Take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen
Remove CO2 from the body
Be terrestrial
Have a high ratio of body surface area to volume
Have a low ratio of body surface area to volume
Be aquatic and nearly spherical
Have a special kind of hemoglobin
Trachea
Alveolus
Larynx
Diaphragm
Bronchus
Alveoli
Tracheae
Bronchioles
Diaphragms
Bronchi
Alveolus
Trachea
Pharynx
Larynx
Nasal cavity
Rising oxygen concentration
Rising carbon dioxide concentration
Falling oxygen concentration
Falling carbon dioxide concentration
Falling nitrogen concentration
Blood pH and CO2 concentration
Blood O2 concentration
Alveolar CO2 concentration
Alveolar O2 concentration
Blood pH and O2 concentration
Maintaining an optimal red blood cell count
Transporting nerve impulses throughout the body
Governing nutrient concentration in the blood
Transporting nutrients to body cells
Mounting a response to invading microorganisms
Lack of a heart
Lack of blood
Lack of blood vessels
Blood flowing out of the body
Lack of distinction between blood and interstitial fluid
Salamander
Salmon
Snake
Swan
Squirrel
Snake
Crocodile
Human
Cow
Bird
Greater separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Greater blood pressure
The ability to divert deoxygenated blood away from the lungs when diving underwater
The ability to generate more body heat than a mammal
Greater mixing of blood in the ventricle
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Aorta
Closed with two-chambered heart
Open
Closed with a single-chambered heart
Closed with a three-chambered heart
None of the above
In red blood cells
In white blood cells
In platelets
In plasma
On hemoglobin
As it left their systemic circulation
As it left their heart
As it entered their heart
As it left their lungs
As it left their gills
Mollusks
Amphibians
Annelids
Fish
Reptiles
Myocardium
Epicardium
Peritoneal
Pericardium
Endocardium
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
All chambers of the heart have equal forces of contraction
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