Biological Evolution Exam 1
- 1.What is evolution?
- A.
Change in a biological population over time
- B.
Natural selection of species
- C.
Organismal variance across geographical space
- D.
Any change that occurs in a living system
- 2.Select the best example of change caused by a transformational process.
- A.
A gravel company digs up a mixture of different sized rocks and then puts them through various sized sorters until only pea sized gravel remains.
- B.
A fruit producer inspects the entire crop of apples and only sells apples that are free of major blemishes.
- C.
The U.S. Army has a rigorous basic training program that includes technical, physical and mental training. The end result of this training is a dramatic increase in the abilities and aptitude of the recruits.
- D.
Bull finches on the island of Santa Maria have variation in their beak sizes. After a drought, when only large, thick-shelled seeds were available as a food source, there was a significant increase in the average size of beaks of new hatchlings.
- 3.Which of the following biological processes represents evolution of a population caused by a transformational process?
- A.
Natural selection of brood size in a population of guppies.
- B.
Unintended artificial selection of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria for resistance against antibiotics.
- C.
New mutation in HIV that allow it to circumvent the human immune system.
- D.
Genetic drift removing random diversity from a small population of beetles.
- 4.Variational processes ______________ the diversity of a population.
- A.
Increase
- B.
Have a completely unpredictable effect on
- C.
Do not affect
- D.
Decrease
- 5.Which of the following is not a major argument in the legal battles regarding the teaching of creationism and intelligent design in US public schools?
- A.
Separation of Church and State
- B.
Not enough instruction time
- C.
The non-scientific nature of the subject
- 6.Whales share a common ancestor with which of the following organisms? (mark all that apply)
- A.
Hippopotamuses
- B.
Horses
- C.
Lungfish
- D.
Mushrooms
- E.
Bacteria
- 7.A theory is ____________________.
- A.
Basically an informed guess about how the physical world around us works
- B.
A cohesive and rigorously tested related set of hypotheses that describes a large section of scientific endeavor
- C.
A mathematical construct that allows us to make predictions prior to performing experiments
- D.
The historical sequence of events leading to a major breakthrough in scientific understanding
- 8.The earth was created by a supernatural being during six creative periods, however the time for each of those six creative periods varied and may have spanned many millions of years. The preceding description best fits which type of creationism?
- A.
Young Earth Creationism
- B.
Intelligent Design
- C.
Gap Creationism
- D.
Day Age Creationism
- 9.All ethical decisions should be made using well designed scientific experiments that are able to distinguish between universal values and refute ideas that may be damaging to society.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 10.Which types of rocks are the easiest to directly date using the radioactive half-lives of the isotopes they contain?
- A.
Igneous
- B.
Sedimentary
- C.
Metamorphic
- 11.When newly formed a rock has 200 ug per kg of a radioactive element after 100 million years the same rock only has 6.25 ug per kg of that same radioactive element. What is the half-life of this element?
- A.
10 million years
- B.
20 million years
- C.
50 million years
- D.
100 million years
- 12.Which types of rocks are the least important when trying to determine the relative date of fossils?
- A.
Igneous
- B.
Sedimentary
- C.
Metamorphic
- 13.Which of the following best describes the accuracy and precision of most fossil dates?
- A.
Fossil dates are both accurate and very precise
- B.
Fossil date are neither accurate or precise
- C.
Fossil dates are quite accurate, but often not very precise
- D.
Fossil dates are quite precise, but often not very accurate
- 14.
Using the diagram below and the provided information, how old is the rock layer labelled with the star?- A.
Between 220 million years old and 280 million years old
- B.
Less than 220 million years old
- C.
More than 280 million years old
- D.
500 million years old
- E.
280 million years old, plus or minus 5 million years
- 15.For the following events select both a date and a line of evidence that supports that date.Origin of Earth
- A.
14 billion years ago
- B.
800-600 million years ago
- C.
2 billion years ago
- D.
4.5 billion years ago
- E.
3.3 billion years ago
- F.
Dramatic increase in the oxides found in sedimentary rocks
- G.
Direct radioactive dating of oldest igneous rocks
- H.
Relative dating of fossils in sedimentary rocks
- I.
Relative dating of fossils in sedimentary rocks
- J.
Rate at which the stars are moving away from us
- K.
Carbon dating of non-fossilized organic matter
- 16.For the following events select both a date and a line of evidence that supports that date.Origin of Photosynthesis
- A.
14 billion years ago
- B.
800-600 million years ago
- C.
2 billion years ago
- D.
4.5 billion years ago
- E.
3.3 billion years ago
- F.
Dramatic increase in the oxides found in sedimentary rocks
- G.
Direct radioactive dating of oldest igneous rocks
- H.
Relative dating of fossils in sedimentary rocks
- I.
Rate at which the stars are moving away from us
- J.
Carbon dating of non-fossilized organic matter
- 17.For the following events select both a date and a line of evidence that supports that date.Origin of Complex Animals
- A.
14 billion years ago
- B.
800-600 million years ago
- C.
2 billion years ago
- D.
4.5 billion years ago
- E.
3.3 billion years ago
- F.
Dramatic increase in the oxides found in sedimentary rocks
- G.
Direct radioactive dating of oldest igneous rocks
- H.
Relative dating of fossils in sedimentary rocks
- I.
Rate at which the stars are moving away from us
- J.
Carbon dating of non-fossilized organic matter
- 18.What evidence supports the endosymbiosis hypothesis? (mark all that apply)
- A.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genome.
- B.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts can be found in much greater numbers in the cell than other organelles.
- C.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane.
- D.
Genes in both the mitochondrion and chloroplast are more closely related to bacterial genes than to any eukaryotic genes.
- E.
Some of the earliest organisms with mitochondria have been preserved in fine grained sedimentary rocks and these organelles are visible under a microscope.
- 19.Which of the following groups of organisms would be the best to select as a model for the origin of multicellularity?
- A.
Slime Molds
- B.
Diapsids
- C.
Bacteria
- D.
Mushrooms
- E.
Tardigrades
- 20.Nodes on a phylogeny represent common ancestral populations for the species at the tips of the branches.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 21.Select the name of the first period and the beginning date for each of the eras listed below.Cenozoic
- A.
Cambrian
- B.
Permian
- C.
Triassic
- D.
Tertiary
- E.
250 mya
- F.
2500 mya
- G.
400 mya
- H.
540 mya
- I.
65 mya
- 22.Select the name of the first period and the beginning date for each of the eras listed below.Paleozoic
- A.
Cambrian
- B.
Permian
- C.
Triassic
- D.
Tertiary
- E.
250 mya
- F.
2500 mya
- G.
400 mya
- H.
540 mya
- I.
65 mya
- 23.Select the name of the first period and the beginning date for each of the eras listed below.Mesozoic
- A.
Cambrian
- B.
Permian
- C.
Triassic
- D.
Tertiary
- E.
250 mya
- F.
2500 mya
- G.
400 mya
- H.
540 mya
- I.
65 mya
- 24.
Character 1Character 2Character 3Character 4Character 5Character 6Character 7Species A0000000Species B0000110Species C1000111Species D1001111Species E0111111Species F0110101Which of the above characters is a synapomorphy for the group made up of Species C, D, E and F?
- A.
Character 1
- B.
Character 3
- C.
Character 4
- D.
Character 6
- E.
Character 7
- 25.
Character 1Character 2Character 3Character 4Character 5Character 6Character 7Species A0000000Species B0000110Species C1000111Species D1001111Species E0111111Species F0110101Which of the above characters is a symplesiomorphy for the group made up of Species B, C, D, E and F?
- A.
Character 1
- B.
Character 3
- C.
Character 4
- D.
Character 6
- E.
Character 7
.jpg "Character 1Character 2Character 3Character 4Character 5Character 6Character 7Species A0000000Species B0000110Species C1000111Species D1001111Species E0111111Species F0110101Which of the above characters is a synapomorphy for the group made up of Species C, D, E and F?")
.jpg "Character 1Character 2Character 3Character 4Character 5Character 6Character 7Species A0000000Species B0000110Species C1000111Species D1001111Species E0111111Species F0110101Which of the above characters is a symplesiomorphy for the group made up of Species B, C, D, E and F?")
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