Bio1331 Animals - Evolution - Overview Of Body Plans (Lecture Two)

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| By Elly Crook
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Elly Crook
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1. Complete the following sentence:  At gastrulation, protostomes and deuterostomes develop a ______, a fluid filled cavity completely lined by mesoderm.

Explanation

At gastrulation, both protostomes and deuterostomes develop a coelom, which is a fluid-filled cavity completely lined by mesoderm. The coelom plays a crucial role in providing space for organ development, allowing for movement and flexibility, and acting as a hydrostatic skeleton in some organisms. This cavity is essential for the development and functioning of various organ systems in both protostomes and deuterostomes.

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Bio1331 Animals - Evolution - Overview Of Body Plans (Lecture Two) - Quiz

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Describe the structure, reproduction and lifestyles of selected invertebrate groups

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2. Complete the following sentence:The hollow blastula undergoes gastrulation, where indentation of cells forms a _________.

Explanation

During gastrulation, the hollow blastula undergoes a process where cells start to indent and rearrange, resulting in the formation of a blastopore. The blastopore is the opening that forms in the developing embryo, which eventually gives rise to the digestive tract. This process is crucial for the formation of the three germ layers and the establishment of the body plan in many multicellular organisms.

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3. Complete the following sentence:_________ is the first few divisions of a zygote.

Explanation

Cleavage is the first few divisions of a zygote. During cleavage, the zygote undergoes rapid cell division without significant growth, resulting in the formation of smaller cells called blastomeres. These blastomeres continue to divide and eventually form a solid ball of cells called a morula. Cleavage is an essential process in embryonic development as it establishes the basic body plan and determines the number of cells in the developing embryo.

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4. Determinate cleavage occurs when each blastomere sequesters different ___________ regulators/factors that define its specification and fate early on.

Explanation

Determinate cleavage is a type of cell division in which each blastomere, or daughter cell, possesses different transcriptional regulators/factors that determine its specification and fate from an early stage. Transcriptional refers to the process of gene expression, where genetic information is transcribed from DNA to RNA. This suggests that the differentiation and fate of each blastomere in determinate cleavage are determined by the specific transcriptional regulators and factors present in each cell. Transcription, on the other hand, refers to the general process of gene expression and does not specifically address the regulation and specification of individual blastomeres.

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5. Match the following
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6. Match the following
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7. Match the following
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8. True or False?Asymmetry occurs in sponges only.

Explanation

Asymmetry refers to the lack of symmetry or balance in an organism's body structure. Sponges are primitive multicellular organisms that lack any definite body shape or symmetry. They have irregular and asymmetrical body plans, with no distinct front or back, left or right sides. Therefore, it is correct to say that asymmetry occurs in sponges only.

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9. Match the following
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10. Which of the following is true?

Explanation

In spiral cleavage, mitotic spindles rotate clockwise at the 3rd division. This means that during cell division, the spindles, which are responsible for separating the chromosomes, rotate in a clockwise direction. This rotation pattern is specific to the 3rd division in spiral cleavage, indicating the direction of cell division and the formation of different cell layers.

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11. Are radial and spiral cleavage determinate or indeterminate?
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12. True or False?Spiral cleavage allows the development of symmetry.

Explanation

Spiral cleavage allows for the development of asymmetry.

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13. Match the following to their definitions.
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14. Match the following to their definitions.
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15. Match the following
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16. Match the cleavage patterns to their definitions.
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Complete the following sentence:  At gastrulation, protostomes...
Complete the following sentence:The hollow blastula undergoes...
Complete the following sentence:_________ is the first few divisions...
Determinate cleavage occurs when each blastomere sequesters different...
Match the following
Match the following
Match the following
True or False?Asymmetry occurs in sponges only.
Match the following
Which of the following is true?
Are radial and spiral cleavage determinate or indeterminate?
True or False?Spiral cleavage allows the development of symmetry.
Match the following to their definitions.
Match the following to their definitions.
Match the following
Match the cleavage patterns to their definitions.
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