Bio Test 4 (Ch. 15)
- 1.A mature deciduous forest is cut down for timber, but new seedlings begin to appear the following year. This is an example of:
- A.
Primary succession
- B.
A climax community
- C.
Mutualism
- D.
Secondary succession
- E.
Logistic growth
- 2.All living organisms interact with their environment to obtain the energy necessary for life. Different organisms have different methods of achieving this. Which of the following does NOT correctly identify one of the several methods of energy extraction?
- A.
Consumers are organisms that obtain their energy and nutrients by eating and digesting other organisms
- B.
Tertiary consumers are animals that eat the animals that eat the animals that eat plants
- C.
Producers are organisms that extract their energy from nonliving components of their environment
- D.
Decomposers are organisms that obtain energy and nutrients from the remains and wastes of other organisms
- E.
All of the above are correct
- 3.Parasitism may be considered a special form of:
- A.
Competitive exclusion
- B.
Commensalism
- C.
Competition
- D.
Mutualism
- E.
Predation
- 4.An organisms role in its environment is called its:
- A.
Biomass
- B.
Bio-economy
- C.
Niche
- D.
Keystone interaction
- E.
Population
- 5.The "competitive exclusion principle" states that:
- A.
Predators will always competitively exclude their prey
- B.
Dominant species can always outcompete recessive species
- C.
K-selected species will always outcompete r-selected species
- D.
Two species may occupy the same niche in a given community by sharing its resources
- E.
No two species competing for the same resources can stably coexhist
- 6.The total dry weight of an organism in an ecosystem is called its:
- A.
Net productivity
- B.
Biomass
- C.
Productivity
- D.
Flow-through energy
- E.
Metabolic cost
- 7.The primary reason for differences in climate in different parts of the earth is:
- A.
That different places have different thicknesses to the atomosphere
- B.
That the earth is shaped like a pear and not a sphere
- C.
That different places receieve different amounts of solar energy
- D.
That different places receive different amounts of wind
- E.
That different places receive different amounts of thermal energy
- 8.The primary factor affecting the climate of an area is:
- A.
The amount of moisture in the soil
- B.
The amount of precipitation in the area
- C.
The human population in the area
- D.
The amount of solar energy recieved by the area
- E.
The elevation of the area
- 9.Which of the following is true about an ecosystem?
- A.
It includes the average temperature of that locality
- B.
It contains at least one community
- C.
It includes bacteria and fungi
- D.
It includes chemical resources
- E.
All of the above are true about an ecosystem
- 10.In a food web consisting of grass, grasshoppers, sparrows, and hawks, the sparrows are:
- A.
Secondary producers
- B.
Secondary consumers
- C.
Primary producers
- D.
Tertiary consumers
- E.
Primary consumers
- 11.Tertiary consumers are:
- A.
Herbivores
- B.
Usually photosynthetic
- C.
Carnivores that eat other carnivores
- D.
Carnivores that eat herbivores
- E.
Detritivores
- 12.Resources often limit populations. When resources are used by more than one species, the inital result is:
- A.
Extinction
- B.
Competition
- C.
Evolution
- D.
Symbiosis
- E.
Mutalism
- 13.Every place on earth recieves the same number of hours of sunlight each year ---an average of 12 hours per day. However, the amount of solar energy received on a given day in a given location differs. What factor amounts for these differences?
- A.
The angle of the sunlight is an important determinant of the amount of solar energy received
- B.
The density of vegetation affects how much solar radiation a place will receive-- the more grassland, the less solar radiation
- C.
The density of vegetation affects how much solar radiation a place will receive---the more tall trees, the less solar radiation
- D.
The heigh of a place above sea level is an important determinant of the amount of solar energy that place receives
- E.
The winds of upper stratosphere can blow solar radiation away from an area before it reaches the land
- 14."Top carnivores":
- A.
Consume carnivores primarily
- B.
Rely on symbiotic bacteria living in their digestive systems to help digest cellulose
- C.
Consume herbivores primarily
- D.
Rely directly on primary producers for energy
- E.
Are more common than secondary consumers
- 15."Food chains are an accurate representations of energy flow through an ecosystem" This statment is:
- A.
False; food chain depends solely on population size
- B.
True; food chains accurately illustrate existing trophic levels
- C.
False; food chains depict organisms diets, not energy flow
- D.
True; however they do not represent the amount of energy flowing through the ecosystem
- E.
False; real ecosystems are much more complex than simplified food chains
- 16.Which of the following is an example of a keystone predator?
- A.
Golden eagles
- B.
Leopards in Africa
- C.
Seastars in the intertidal zone
- D.
Brittle stars in deep water
- E.
Cape hunting dogs
- 17.Roughly how much energy in a trophic level is avaliable to the next trophic levels?
- A.
90%
- B.
10%
- C.
1%
- D.
25%
- E.
75%
- 18.Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor?
- A.
Rate of predation on a prey population
- B.
The density of a population
- C.
Average lifespan
- D.
Mean annual rainfall in an ecosystem
- E.
Average litter size
- 19.An ecosystem consists of _________________________ in a given area.
- A.
All the living organisms and all the abiotic factors that influence living organisms
- B.
All the living organisms
- C.
All the photosynthetic organisms
- D.
The plant life and climate
- E.
All the abiotic factors that influence living organisms
- 20.Most of the carbon in the earths atomosphere exists as:
- A.
Chloroflurocarbons, CFC's
- B.
Carbohydrates
- C.
Carbon dioxide, CO2
- D.
Methane, CH4
- E.
Carbonic acid, H2CO3
- 21.Without ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream, the climate of the UK would:
- A.
Fluctuate drastically with the seasons
- B.
Be much more moderate
- C.
Be similar to that of Scandinavia
- D.
Be similar to that of the Mediterranean
- E.
None of the above is an accurate description
- 22.The soil is the reservoir for which essential chemical?
- A.
Oxygen
- B.
Sulfer
- C.
Phosphorus
- D.
Hydrogen
- E.
Carbon
- 23.Which five chemical elements make up 93-97% of the biomass in plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria?
- A.
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus
- B.
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, potassium, nitrogen
- C.
Carbon, oxygen, helium, sulfur, phosphorus
- D.
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen
- E.
Carbon, oxygen, hydrgoen, sulfur, potassium
- 24.In experiments on prairie and rocky seashore communities, scientists have learned that bison and starfish are:
- A.
The cause of low biodiversity
- B.
Climax species
- C.
Found only during primary succession
- D.
Colonizers
- E.
Keystone species
- 25.When the sun is low in the sky, the amount of solar radiation received at the spot where the sun is observed:
- A.
Is lower than when the sun is high in the sky because the solar rays strike more atmospheric molecules on its way to the earth
- B.
Is lower than when the sun is high in the sky because the same amount of solar radiation is subject to greater temperature fluctuations
- C.
Is higher than when the sun is high in the sky because the same amount of solar radiation is being spread over a large area
- D.
Is lower than when the sun is high in the sky because the same amount of solar radiation is being spread over a large area
- E.
Is higher because the energy has built up during the day
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