Bio 251 Chapter 10 Muscles

Muscle fibers are arranged in bundles called fascicles. Fascicles are a collection of muscle fibers that are bound together by connective tissue. This arrangement allows for coordinated contraction and movement of the muscle as a whole.

Myology is the study of the muscular system, including the structure, function, and diseases of muscles. It involves understanding how muscles are formed, how they contract and relax, and how they interact with other systems in the body. Kinesiology is the study of human movement, pathophysiology is the study of abnormal physiological processes, biology is the study of living organisms, and neurology is the study of the nervous system. However, myology specifically focuses on the muscular system, making it the correct answer.

Muscles are primarily responsible for movement and stability in the body. They generate heat during contraction, control the openings of various body structures, and facilitate respiration. However, muscles do not have the ability to secrete substances. Secretion is typically carried out by specialized glands in the body, such as the salivary glands, sweat glands, or endocrine glands. Therefore, secretion is not a function of muscles.

The pronator quadratus and supinator are muscles that have opposite actions. The pronator quadratus pronates the forearm (rotates it inward), while the supinator supinates the forearm (rotates it outward). Therefore, they work against each other, making them antagonists.

A fleshy attachment refers to the connection of red muscular tissue directly to the bone, without the presence of a distinct tendon separating them. This means that the muscle appears to emerge directly from the bone, giving it a fleshy appearance.

Fascia is the correct answer because it is a connective tissue that separates and surrounds groups of muscles. It provides support and protection to the muscles, allowing them to move independently and smoothly. Fascia also helps in distributing force and tension throughout the body, aiding in efficient movement and preventing injury.

The term "extrinsic" best describes the deltoid because it refers to a muscle that is located outside of or separate from the structure it is associated with. In the case of the deltoid, it is an extrinsic muscle of the shoulder, meaning it is located outside of the shoulder joint.

The rectus femoris is a pennate muscle. Pennate muscles have fibers that are arranged obliquely to the tendon, resembling the shape of a feather. This arrangement allows for a greater number of muscle fibers to be packed into a smaller space, resulting in a stronger contraction. The pennate shape also provides increased stability and control during movement. Therefore, the rectus femoris, being a pennate muscle, has a structure that allows for efficient force generation and control.