Binocular And Accommodative Anomalies

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| By Arahn87
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Arahn87
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Quizzes Created: 2 | Total Attempts: 1,087
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  • 1/20 Questions

    Minus lenses stimulate accommodation

    • True
    • False
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About This Quiz

This quiz focuses on diagnosing and managing binocular and accommodative anomalies, such as convergence insufficiency and divergence excess. It tests knowledge on differential diagnosis, treatment stages, and appropriate management techniques, essential for optometry professionals.

Binocular And Accommodative Anomalies - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Lenses act on accommodative and fusion vergence 

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Lenses act on accommodative and fusion vergence. This means that lenses can help with both the ability to focus on objects at different distances (accommodation) and the ability of the eyes to work together to perceive depth and maintain single vision (fusion vergence). Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 3. 

    Patient with accommodative spasm would complain of seeing what during dual chrome?

    • Red

    • Green

    Correct Answer
    A. Red
    Explanation
    In dual chrome testing, the patient with accommodative spasm would complain of seeing red. Accommodative spasm is a condition where the muscles of the eye responsible for focusing become overactive, causing difficulty in adjusting the focus. In dual chrome testing, red and green colors are used to assess the patient's ability to accommodate and switch focus between the two colors. Due to the spasm, the patient may have a prolonged or excessive focusing on the red color, resulting in a complaint of seeing red.

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  • 4. 

    You manage a person diagnose with CI with plus lenses

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The given statement is false. Managing a person diagnosed with CI (Convergence Insufficiency) with plus lenses is not the correct approach. Plus lenses are used to correct nearsightedness (myopia) by helping the eyes focus on distant objects. However, CI is a condition where the eyes have difficulty converging or working together to focus on near objects. The appropriate management for CI involves vision therapy exercises, such as convergence exercises, to improve the coordination and flexibility of the eye muscles. Using plus lenses would not address the underlying issue of CI.

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  • 5. 

    A high NRA means...

    • Patient has CE

    • Patient is under minus

    • Patient is over minus

    • Patient has CI

    Correct Answer
    A. Patient is over minus
    Explanation
    A high NRA means that the patient is overcorrected with a minus prescription. This indicates that the patient's vision is being corrected beyond what is necessary, resulting in a prescription that is too strong for their eyes.

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  • 6. 

    Over minus to a patient causes a low PRA 

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Over-minusing refers to overcorrecting myopia (nearsightedness) with a stronger prescription than necessary. PRA stands for Pupil Response Amplitude, which measures the response of the pupil to light. Over-minusing does not cause a low PRA; in fact, it can cause a higher PRA. Therefore, the statement that over-minusing causes a low PRA is false.

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  • 7. 

    Which anomaly is least likely to improve from vision therapy

    • Basic exo

    • Basic eso

    • Divergence excess

    • Divergence insufficiency

    • Accommodation insufficiency

    Correct Answer
    A. Divergence insufficiency
    Explanation
    Divergence insufficiency is the least likely anomaly to improve from vision therapy. Divergence insufficiency is a condition where the eyes have difficulty moving outward, causing double vision when looking at distant objects. Vision therapy primarily focuses on improving eye coordination and movement, which would not directly address the problem of difficulty moving the eyes outward. Therefore, vision therapy is less likely to be effective in improving divergence insufficiency compared to the other anomalies listed.

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  • 8. 

    Flippers : 2 mon                 4 binocular  fails minus lenses. What does the patient most likely have

    • AE

    • CE

    • ISA

    • AI

    • A Infacility

    Correct Answer
    A. AI
    Explanation
    The patient most likely has AI (Accommodative Insufficiency). This can be inferred from the given information that the patient has "2 mon flippers" and "4 binocular fails minus lenses." This suggests that the patient is having difficulty accommodating or focusing their vision, which is a characteristic of accommodative insufficiency.

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  • 9. 

    PRA

    • Causes a relaxation of the ocular muscles thus stimulating accom.

    • Causes a stimulation of accommodation thus indirectly causing the eye to diverge.

    • Causes a stimulation of accommodation thus indirectly causing the eye to converge.

    • Causes the stimulation of the ocular muscles thus relaxing accommodation

    Correct Answer
    A. Causes a stimulation of accommodation thus indirectly causing the eye to diverge.
  • 10. 

    Bo prism at far: 8/17/11 BI prism at far x/3/3

    • Treat with vision therapy

    • Treat with prism

    • Treat with minus lenses

    • Manage with BI prism

    Correct Answer
    A. Treat with prism
    Explanation
    The correct answer suggests that the patient should be treated with prism. Prism is a type of lens that can be used to correct certain vision problems, such as double vision or eye misalignment. By using prism, the light entering the eyes can be redirected in a way that helps the patient see more clearly and comfortably. Therefore, treating the patient with prism can be an effective solution for their vision issue.

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  • 11. 

    A patient with divergence excess should be treated to...

    • Learn suppression in stage 1

    • Learn to see diplopia stage 1

    • Learn facilitative convergence stage 1

    • Learn to suppress stage 2

    • Learn facilitative divergence stage 1

    Correct Answer
    A. Learn to see diplopia stage 1
    Explanation
    In divergence excess, the eyes tend to diverge more when looking at distant objects compared to near objects. This can lead to double vision or diplopia. Therefore, the patient needs to learn to see diplopia in stage 1, which means they need to learn to perceive and interpret the double images correctly. This will help them to better manage and cope with the double vision caused by divergence excess.

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  • 12. 

    What is stage 1 for someone suffering from a low NRA , binocular flippers, and lead of accommodation 

    • Step convergence at near

    • Smooth divergence at near

    • Smooth convergence at near

    • Step divergence at near

    Correct Answer
    A. Smooth convergence at near
    Explanation
    Stage 1 for someone suffering from a low NRA, binocular flippers, and lead of accommodation is smooth convergence at near. This means that the person is able to smoothly bring their eyes together to focus on objects that are near. This is in contrast to step convergence at near, which would involve the eyes moving abruptly and in a jerky manner when trying to focus on near objects. Smooth convergence at near is important for clear and comfortable vision when looking at objects up close.

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  • 13. 

    CT: 3xp CT:3 ep' NRA : 2.00 PRA:  1.75 MEM:+ .75 flippers: 7 cpd binocular               11 cpd monocular 

    • Treat with prism

    • Treat with vt

    • Teat with lenses

    Correct Answer
    A. Teat with lenses
  • 14. 

    Who would you expect to have a lead in accommodation 

    • Basic exo

    • Basic eso

    • Accommodation insuf.

    • Divergence excess

    Correct Answer
    A. Basic exo
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Basic exo." This is because basic exotropia is a type of strabismus where one eye turns outward, away from the nose. In this condition, the eyes do not align properly, and one eye may appear to lead or be more dominant than the other in terms of accommodation, or the ability to focus on objects at different distances.

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  • 15. 

    A 8 year child comes in with his family who is complaining that he trouble reading. His last eye exam was 2 years ago and the pt. va at the time was noted to be 20/30 sc 20/20 cc at far and 20/ 20sc and 20/20 cc at near. Anterior and posterior segment are unremarkable. During the exam you decided to perform binocular testings. Here are your results phoria at distance: 3 exo phoria at near: 3 exo CT at dist. 5 exo CT at near: ortho BI at far: x/4/2 BO at far: 7/17/10 BI at near: 12/21/13 BO at near: 17/20/10 NRA: 2.25 PRA: 2.50 MEM: +.75 ac/a 2/1 flippers: 7 binocular & 5 monocular.

    • CI

    • ISA

    • AI

    • DI

    • AE

    • B exo

    • B eso

    Correct Answer
    A. ISA
    Explanation
    Based on the given information, the child has a phoria (resting eye position) of 3 exo at both distance and near. The cover test (CT) reveals an intermittent exotropia (XT) of 5 exo at distance, but ortho (aligned) at near. The near point of convergence (NPC) is normal, as there is no exophoria at near. The near point of accommodation (NPA) is also normal, as there is no esophoria at near. The accommodative amplitude (MEM) is slightly reduced at +.75, indicating a mild accommodative insufficiency. The AC/A ratio is normal at 2/1. Based on these findings, the correct answer is ISA, which stands for intermittent exotropia with a normal near point of convergence and accommodative insufficiency.

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  • 16. 

    What is the differential diagnosis for someone with a low NRA? (Choose 3)

    • CI

    • DI

    • B eso

    • CE

    • B exo

    • AI

    • AE

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. CI
    A. B exo
    A. AE
    Explanation
    The correct answer is CI, B exo, AE. Differential diagnosis refers to the process of determining the possible medical conditions or diseases that could be causing a particular set of symptoms. In this case, someone with a low NRA (Near Response Amplitude) may have convergence insufficiency (CI), which is a condition where the eyes have difficulty working together when focusing on nearby objects. Additionally, they may have exophoria (B exo), which is a tendency for the eyes to turn outward. Lastly, they may have accommodative esotropia (AE), which is a condition where the eyes cross inward when focusing on nearby objects.

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  • 17. 

    You will manage a patient with a low NRA 

    • Bo prism

    • Plus lenses

    • Visual therapy

    • Bi prism

    Correct Answer
    A. Bi prism
    Explanation
    A bi prism is the correct answer because it is a type of prism that can be used to manage a patient with a low near reflex accommodative (NRA). Bi prisms can help improve near vision by changing the direction of light entering the eyes, which can help alleviate symptoms associated with a low NRA. This can be particularly beneficial for patients who have difficulty focusing on near objects or experience eye strain while reading or doing close work.

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  • 18. 

    What is treatment step 2 for someone who is suffering from a lead in bcc? (Choose 3)

    • Normalize convergence amplitude

    • Normalize divergence amplitude

    • Normalize convergent facilities

    • Normalize divergence facilities

    • Normalize divergence and convergence at will

    • Normalize accommodation stimulation

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Normalize divergence amplitude
    A. Normalize convergent facilities
    A. Normalize divergence facilities
  • 19. 

    You manage with plus lenses for...( choose 3)

    • AI

    • ISA

    • CI

    • CE

    • DI

    • DE

    • AE

    • B eso

    • B exo

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. AI
    A. ISA
    A. CE
    Explanation
    The correct answer is AI, ISA, CE. This means that the person manages with plus lenses for astigmatism (AI), internal strabismus (ISA), and convergence insufficiency (CE). Plus lenses are often prescribed for these conditions to help correct the visual impairments associated with them.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Feb 21, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Feb 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Apr 27, 2013
    Quiz Created by
    Arahn87
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