Baze Podataka Ispit

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1. Password je: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "tajni naziv, kojom korisnik pored username-a kompletira postupak najave". This is because a password is a secret or confidential term that a user combines with their username to complete the login process. It is used to authenticate the user and ensure that only authorized individuals can access the system or data.

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Baze Podataka Ispit - Quiz

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2. U kom jeziku su kodirane Web stranice 

Explanation

Web stranice su kodirane u HTML jeziku. HTML (HyperText Markup Language) je standardni jezik za izradu web stranica. Pomoću HTML-a se definiše struktura i sadržaj web stranica, kao i način na koji će se prikazati u web pregledačima. HTML koristi oznake (tagove) za označavanje elemenata na stranici, kao što su naslovi, paragrafi, slike, linkovi itd. Ove oznake se zatvaraju kako bi se definisao početak i kraj svakog elementa.

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3. SQL naredba za dodelu privilegija korisnicima je: 

Explanation

The correct answer is GRANT. In SQL, the GRANT statement is used to assign privileges to users. It allows the user to grant specific privileges to other users, such as SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, and INSERT. This statement is commonly used to control access to database objects and to manage user permissions within a database system.

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4. LOG ili ŽURNAL (dnevnik transakcija) zapisuje za svaki objekat i transakciju koja je Oporavak - proces vraćanja BP u korektno stanje je:

Explanation

The given question is asking for the process of returning a database to a correct state. The correct answer is "RECOVERY" because recovery is the process of restoring a database to a consistent and correct state after a failure or system crash. This process involves undoing any incomplete transactions and redoing any committed transactions to ensure data integrity.

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5. Username je: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "javni podatak za najavu korisnika sistemu za upravljanje BP." This is because the term "javni podatak" refers to a public data, and "najavu korisnika sistemu za upravljanje BP" translates to user announcement data in a database management system. Therefore, this option suggests that the answer is a public data used for user announcements in a database management system.

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6. Naredbom BEGIN TRANSACTION: 

Explanation

The given correct answer states that the BEGIN TRANSACTION command initiates the execution of a transaction. This means that when this command is executed, the database system starts recording and tracking all the changes made to the database during the transaction. It marks the beginning of a set of SQL statements that will be treated as a single unit, ensuring that all the changes are either committed or rolled back as a whole.

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7. Koji je osnovni aplikacioni model u objektno orijentisanom programiranju: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "Troslojni". In object-oriented programming, the three-tier architecture is commonly used as the basic application model. This architecture separates the application into three layers: the presentation layer, the business logic layer, and the data access layer. The presentation layer is responsible for user interaction, the business logic layer handles the processing and calculations, and the data access layer manages the storage and retrieval of data. This three-tier architecture promotes modularity, reusability, and maintainability in software development.

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8. Koje aplikacije su primer aplikacija koje imaju više od tri sloja: 

Explanation

Web aplikacije su primer aplikacija koje imaju više od tri sloja. Ove aplikacije obično imaju front-end sloj koji se koristi za interakciju sa korisnicima, back-end sloj koji se koristi za obradu podataka i poslovne logike, kao i bazu podataka koja se koristi za čuvanje podataka. Ovo je samo jedan primer aplikacija koje mogu imati više od tri sloja, ali web aplikacije su često najčešći primer takvih aplikacija.

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9. Pogled (VIEW) je: 

Explanation

A "pogled" (view) in SQL is a virtual (derived) table, which is a type of subroutine in SQL. It is not a type of index that is stored in RAM, an obligatory table in every database, or a relational database schema with a complete description of each table.

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10. Naredbom: SELECT * FROM ImeTabele: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "Prikazuju se svi zapisi tabele ImeTabele". This is because the SQL query "SELECT * FROM ImeTabele" selects all records from the table "ImeTabele" and the asterisk (*) is used to represent all columns. Therefore, the query will display all the records in the table.

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11. Koji atributi nisu dobri kandidat za INDEX: 

Explanation

Images, audio files, and video files are not good candidates for indexing because they are typically large in size and require specialized methods for searching and retrieving. Indexing is more commonly used for text-based data, such as character data (CHAR), integer data, and decimal data, as these types of data can be easily sorted and searched using indexing techniques.

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12. Naredba ROLLBACK je naredba za: 

Explanation

The ROLLBACK command is used to undo the effects of a transaction on a database that is stored on disk. It allows for the cancellation or reversal of changes made by a transaction, effectively reverting the database back to its previous state before the transaction was executed.

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13. Serijsko izvršavanje transakcija označava da: 

Explanation

Serijsko izvršavanje transakcija označava da naredna transakcija započinje tek kada se prethodna završila. This means that transactions are executed one after the other in a sequential manner, ensuring that each transaction is completed before the next one starts. This ensures consistency and avoids conflicts or inconsistencies that may arise from concurrent execution of transactions.

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14. Naredba za uklanjanje tabele iz BP je: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "DROP TABLE ImeTabele". This is the correct SQL statement used to remove a table from a database. The other options are incorrect or incomplete SQL statements. The "PURGE TABLE Ime Tabele CLEAR" is not a valid SQL statement. The "DELETE ImeTabele UNCONDITION" is also not a valid SQL statement. The "DELETE TABLE ImeTabele" is an incomplete SQL statement as it is missing the "FROM" keyword. Therefore, the correct SQL statement to remove a table from a database is "DROP TABLE ImeTabele".

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15. Upitni jezik je:

Explanation

The correct answer is "jezik kojim korisnici zahtevaju informacije iz BP" because the question is asking about the query language, which is used by users to request information from a database.

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16. Serijsko izvršavanje transakcija označava da: 

Explanation

Serijsko izvršavanje transakcija označava da naredna transakcija započinje tek kada se prethodna završila. This means that transactions are executed one after the other in a sequential manner, ensuring that each transaction is completed before the next one starts. This helps maintain data consistency and prevents conflicts or inconsistencies that could arise from concurrent execution of transactions.

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17. SQL naredba DELETE je: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "naredba za uklanjanje redova iz tabele." This is because the DELETE statement in SQL is used to remove rows from a table based on specified conditions. It allows you to delete specific records or all records from a table.

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18. Izolacija (Isolation) je osobina transakcije koja kaže: 

Explanation

The given correct answer states that in transaction processing, when multiple transactions are executed simultaneously, their effects must be isolated from each other. This means that the changes made by one transaction should not be visible to other transactions until the first transaction is completed and committed. This ensures that the data remains consistent and avoids any conflicts or interference between concurrent transactions.

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19. Unijska kompatibilnost je neophodna za sledeće operacije relacione algebre: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "unija, presek, razlika" (union, intersection, difference). These operations are fundamental in relational algebra and require compatibility between the attributes of the relations involved. Union combines tuples from two relations, intersection finds common tuples between two relations, and difference finds tuples that are in one relation but not in the other. In order for these operations to be performed, the relations must have compatible attributes.

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20. LOG ili ŽURNAL (dnevnik transakcija) zapisuje za svaki objekat i transakciju koja je vršila ažuriranje: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "Vrednosti pre ažuriranja (before-image), Vrednosti posle ažuriranja (after-image)". The question is asking for the information that is recorded in a LOG or ŽURNAL (transaction log) for each object and transaction that performed an update. The before-image refers to the values of the object before the update, while the after-image refers to the values after the update. Therefore, the correct answer includes these two options.

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21. Koje mesto ima aplikacija, a koje SUBP u klijent server paradigmi: 

Explanation

The correct answer is that the application represents the client side, while SUBP represents the server side. This means that the application interacts with the user and sends requests to the server, while SUBP processes those requests on the server and sends back the response to the application.

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22. Redudansa u relaciji je: 

Explanation

Redundancy in a relation refers to the multiple occurrences of a single attribute value. This means that within a relation, there are multiple instances where the same attribute value is repeated. Redundancy can lead to data inconsistency and inefficiency in storage and retrieval. It is generally desirable to minimize redundancy in a database design to ensure data integrity and optimize performance.

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23. Šta sadrži korisnički interfejs kod desktop i Web aplikacija: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "To su uokvireni prozori sa naslovnom linijom, kao i kontrole za interakciju sa korisnikom." This answer explains that the user interface in desktop and web applications consists of framed windows with a title bar, as well as controls for interacting with the user.

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24. Šta je ASP? 

Explanation

ASP (Active Server Pages) is a Microsoft technology used for generating dynamic web pages. It allows for the execution of server-side scripts that can interact with databases and other server resources to generate content that is personalized and responsive to user input. ASP is commonly used in conjunction with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create interactive web applications.

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25. Funkcijska zavisnost je tranzitivna ako: 

Explanation

There exists some Z, different from X and Y, such that X®Z and Z®Y. This means that there is a functional dependency between X and Z, and another functional dependency between Z and Y. Therefore, the functional dependency between X and Y can be inferred transitivity.

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26. Binarna operacija relacione algebre je: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "operacija nad dve relacije." This is because a binary operation in relational algebra is an operation that is performed on two relations. It involves combining or manipulating two relations to produce a new relation as a result. Therefore, the correct answer is the one that mentions an operation on two relations.

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27. Osnovne kontrole pristupa podacima su: 

Explanation

The correct answer includes the basic access controls to data, which are: who can access the database, what they can access within the database, and what actions they can perform on the data they have access to. It does not include the time in which data can be accessed or the number of accesses to the data.

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28. Kod brisanja (uklanjanja) tabele iz BP neophodno je da: 

Explanation

When deleting (removing) a table from a database, it is necessary for the table to be empty.

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29. Šta je JSP? 

Explanation

JSP stands for Java Server Pages, which is a Java technology used for generating dynamic web pages. It allows developers to embed Java code within HTML pages, enabling the creation of dynamic content. JSP is widely used in web development to create interactive and data-driven websites.

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30. Problem nepotvrđenih promena ("prljavo čitanje") u BP nastaje:

Explanation

The correct answer states that the problem of uncommitted changes, also known as "dirty read," occurs when transaction 2 reads (modifies) data while transaction 1 updates the same data and has not yet issued a commit. This situation can lead to inconsistencies and incorrect results if transaction 1 decides to rollback after transaction 2 has already read the uncommitted changes.

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31. Ako se korisniku ukloni CONNECT opšte pravo: 

Explanation

If the CONNECT privilege is removed from the user, they will no longer be able to log in and work with the database. This means that the user will be removed and they will not be able to announce their presence for working with the database anymore.

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32. Nakon dekompozicije, polazne funkcijske zavisnosti (koje su važile u polazno šemi relacije): 

Explanation

After decomposition, the initial functional dependencies should be preserved.

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33. Naredbe ažuriranja se odnose: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "always on one table." This means that update statements in a database are always performed on a single table, rather than multiple tables or the entire database.

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34. Mrtvi čvor (dead lock) u izvršavanju dve transakcije nastaje: 

Explanation

A deadlock in the execution of two transactions occurs when both transactions are waiting for the other to release a resource. This means that both transactions are stuck and cannot proceed further, leading to a deadlock situation.

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35. SQL naredba INSERT je: 

Explanation

The correct answer is that the SQL INSERT statement is a command used to insert new rows into a table. It allows for the addition of new data into an existing table by specifying the table name and the values to be inserted into each column. This statement is commonly used to add new records to a database table.

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36. Naredba COMMIT je naredba za: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "Potvrdu – prenos dejstva transakcije na BP koja je na disku" which translates to "Confirmation - transferring the effects of a transaction to the disk database". This suggests that the COMMIT command is used to confirm and permanently save the changes made in a transaction to the disk-based database. It ensures that the changes are successfully applied and persisted in the database.

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37. UNIQUE klauzula kao ograničenje kolone označava : 

Explanation

The correct answer is "U datoj koloni nije dozvoljeno ponavljanje istih vrednosti." This is because the UNIQUE clause in a database table column ensures that each value in that column is unique and cannot be repeated.

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38. SQL naredba UPDATE je: 

Explanation

The UPDATE command in SQL is used to modify or change the existing rows in a table. It allows for updating specific columns or values in a row based on certain conditions or criteria. This command does not alter the table definition or add new columns, but rather focuses on updating the data within the table.

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39. Atomnost (Atomicity) je osobina transakcije koja kaže: 

Explanation

The explanation for the given correct answer is that atomicity refers to the property of a transaction where a set of activities over a database should be performed as a whole or not at all. This means that either all the activities within a transaction are successfully completed, or the database remains unchanged. In other words, if any part of the transaction fails, the entire transaction is rolled back, ensuring that the database remains in a consistent state. This ensures that the effects of the transaction are isolated and that once a transaction is completed, its effects cannot be lost.

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40. Unarna operacija relacione algebre je: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "operacija nad jednom relacijom" which translates to "operation on one relation." This means that the operation is performed on a single relation, rather than on an attribute or a row within a relation.

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41. Ako jedna transakcija postavi XL katanac (exclusive lock ili write lock) 

Explanation

If one transaction sets an XL lock (exclusive lock or write lock), the second transaction can set an SL lock (shared lock). This means that the second transaction can read the data but cannot modify it.

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42. Na koji način se razrešava mrtvi čvor (dead lock) u izvršavanju dve transakcije nastaje: 

Explanation

A dead lock occurs when two transactions are waiting for each other to release resources, causing them to be stuck indefinitely. One way to resolve a dead lock is by setting a time limit for at least one of the transactions. If the time limit expires and the transaction has not completed, it will be terminated, allowing the other transaction to proceed and resolve the dead lock.

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43. Šta su integrisana okruzenja: 

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that integrated environments are systems where the functions of both the client and server sides are combined. This means that these systems have the capability to handle and perform functions from both the client and server sides, eliminating the need to differentiate between client and server functions.

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44. Koja vrsta pristupa podacima je primenjena u Access aplikacijama: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "Pristup podacima iz prezentacionog sloja." This means that the type of data access used in Access applications is from the presentation layer. In other words, data is accessed from the user interface or front-end of the application. This could involve retrieving, displaying, and manipulating data that is presented to the user.

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45. Šta se nalazi unutar tagova <%..%> u ASP i JSP stranicama? 

Explanation

The given answer states that the tags <%..%> in ASP and JSP pages contain program code in which SQL commands can be placed. This implies that these tags are used to embed SQL commands within the program code.

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46. Šta je transakcija: 

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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47. Zbog mogućih problema kod izvršavanja transakcija SUBP mora: 

Explanation

The correct answer is that SUBP must make backup copies and maintain an update log due to possible transaction execution problems. This is because backup copies help in restoring the data in case of any failures or errors, ensuring data integrity and availability. The update log keeps track of all the changes made to the data, allowing for easy recovery and rollback if necessary. Both these measures are essential for maintaining the reliability and consistency of the SUBP system.

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48. Kojim naredbama se može završiti jedna transakcija: 

Explanation

The correct answer is COMMIT and ROLLBACK. These two commands are used in database transactions. COMMIT is used to permanently save the changes made in a transaction, while ROLLBACK is used to undo the changes made in a transaction and restore the database to its previous state. REVOKE and RESTORE are not transaction-ending commands.

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49. Ako se neka kolona označi kao PRIMARY KEY to znači: 

Explanation

If a column is marked as PRIMARY KEY, it means that the column is the primary key of the table, and it is not allowed to have NULL values or duplicate values.

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50. Navestidi primer integrisanog okruženja: 

Explanation

The correct answer is Access and MS Jet DB engine. These are both examples of integrated development environments (IDEs) commonly used for database management. Access is a Microsoft product that provides a user-friendly interface for creating and managing databases, while MS Jet DB engine is the underlying technology that powers Access and allows for efficient storage and retrieval of data. Together, Access and MS Jet DB engine form a comprehensive solution for database development and management.

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51. Ako se korisnicima daju Posebna prava sa WITH GRANT OPTION klauzulom, tada: 

Explanation

When users are given Special privileges with the WITH GRANT OPTION clause, it means that they can further assign all the mentioned privileges to other users. This means that they have the authority to grant the same privileges to other users that they themselves have been granted.

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52. Šta je ekvivalentno sledećem izrazu:Prom1 BETWEEN Prom2 AND Prom3: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "Prom1 >= Prom2 AND Prom1". This is because the expression "Prom1 BETWEEN Prom2 AND Prom3" checks if the value of Prom1 is between the values of Prom2 and Prom3, inclusive. In the given answer, "Prom1 >= Prom2" checks if Prom1 is greater than or equal to Prom2, and "Prom1" ensures that Prom1 is not greater than Prom2. Therefore, this expression is equivalent to "Prom1 BETWEEN Prom2 AND Prom3".

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53. Šta je loše u sledećoj šemi relacije loše strukture:STUDENT (BrInd, Ime, ŠifFakulteta, NazivFakulteta

Explanation

The given correct answer suggests that there is a functional dependency among non-key attributes in the given schema. This means that the values of certain attributes can be determined based on the values of other attributes. This can lead to data redundancy and inconsistency in the database.

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54. Šta je obavezno u svakom SELECT upitu: 

Explanation

In every SELECT query, the SELECT and FROM clauses are mandatory. The SELECT clause specifies the columns that should be included in the result set, while the FROM clause specifies the table or tables from which the data should be retrieved. Therefore, both SELECT and FROM are necessary components of a valid SELECT query. The other options listed (GROUP BY, WHERE, and ORDER BY) are optional clauses that can be included depending on the specific requirements of the query.

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55. Obeležiti (svodne) funkcije koje se mogu koristiti u SQL upitima sa izvedenim rezultatom: 

Explanation

The correct answer includes the functions SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, and COUNT. These functions are commonly used in SQL queries to perform calculations and retrieve specific information from a database. The SUM function calculates the total sum of a column, the AVG function calculates the average value, the MIN function retrieves the minimum value, the MAX function retrieves the maximum value, and the COUNT function counts the number of rows that meet certain criteria. These functions are essential in data analysis and reporting tasks in SQL.

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56. Trajnost (Durability) je osobina transakcije koja kaže: 

Explanation

Durability is a characteristic of a transaction that states that once the transaction is completed (confirmed changes), its effects cannot be lost. This means that any changes made by the transaction will persist even in the event of system failures or crashes. The durability property ensures that the changes are permanently stored and can be recovered, providing reliability and data integrity.

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57. Mehanizam zaključavanja (locking) kod izvršenja transakcija je:Ako jedna transakcija postavi SL katanac (shared lock ili read lock) 

Explanation

When one transaction sets a shared lock (SL) on a resource, it means that other transactions can also set shared locks on the same resource. This allows multiple transactions to read the resource simultaneously without conflicting with each other. Therefore, the second transaction is able to set a shared lock (SL) on the resource.

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58. Šta znači sledeće ograničenje pri kreiranju tabele: ImeKolone REFERENCES ImeTabele 

Explanation

The given correct answer states that the column is a foreign key in relation to the table ImeTabele. This means that the column in question is used to establish a relationship with another table by referencing its primary key.

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59. SQL naredba za definisanje (DDL) je: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "CREATE" because in SQL, the CREATE statement is used to define or create database objects such as tables, views, indexes, and procedures. It is a Data Definition Language (DDL) command that allows users to create new database objects in the database schema. The CREATE statement is essential for setting up the structure and layout of the database before any data can be inserted, selected, updated, or deleted.

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60. Posle operacije projekcije, u novonastaloj relaciji: 

Explanation

After performing the projection operation, the number of tuples in the resulting relation can either be the same or smaller than the number of tuples in the original relation. This is because the projection operation removes duplicate tuples from the original relation. Therefore, if there are duplicates in the original relation, the resulting relation will have fewer tuples. If there are no duplicates, the number of tuples will remain the same.

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61. INDEX je : 

Explanation

The correct answer is "pomoćna datoteka za ubrzanje pristupa podacima u osnovnoj datoteci" which translates to "an auxiliary file for accelerating access to data in the main file". This explanation suggests that an index is a separate file that helps speed up the retrieval of data from the main file by providing a quicker way to locate specific information.

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62. Kod uklanjanja indeksa (DROP INDEX ImeIndeksa) karakteristično je sledeće: 

Explanation

The correct answer is that an index can be removed at any time and regardless of the content of its table. This means that the index can be dropped even if the table is not empty or if there are still columns indexed by it. There is no requirement to remove the table before removing the index.

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63. Izmena definicije postojeće tabele vrši se SQL naredbom: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "ALTER". ALTER is the SQL command used to modify the structure or definition of an existing table. It allows you to add, modify, or delete columns, constraints, and other attributes of a table. With the ALTER command, you can also rename a table or change its data type. This command is essential for making changes to an existing table without having to recreate it from scratch.

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64. Šta su DB brokeri? 

Explanation

DB brokeri su klase posrednici preko kojih se razmenjuju podaci između aplikacije i SUBP. Ovo znači da ove klase omogućavaju komunikaciju između aplikacije i sistema za upravljanje bazama podataka, omogućavajući aplikaciji da pristupa, čita i menja podatke u bazi podataka. Ova komunikacija se obično odvija putem odgovarajućih SQL naredbi koje se izvršavaju preko DB brokera.

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65. Razlika je operacija relacione algebre koja: 

Explanation

The correct answer states that the difference operation in relational algebra forms a new relation by including all tuples from the first relation that are not present in the second relation. This means that the resulting relation will only contain the tuples that are unique to the first relation and do not appear in the second relation.

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66. Relaciona algebra je:

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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67. Kako se pristupa BP direktno iz ASP ili JSP stranice? 

Explanation

The correct answer states that there are tags within standard HTML tags that can contain programming code, including SQL commands. This suggests that accessing a database directly from an ASP or JSP page can be done by embedding SQL commands within these specific tags.

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68. Šta je JSTL? 

Explanation

JSTL stands for JSP Standard Tag Library, which is a library of tags used in JSP pages. These tags provide a convenient way to perform common tasks, such as looping through a collection, formatting data, and manipulating strings. By using JSTL, developers can simplify their JSP code and make it more readable and maintainable.

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69. Šema relacije je u BCNF ako važi: 

Explanation

The correct answer states that a relation is in BCNF if it is in the third normal form and any additional transitive dependencies between non-key attributes are eliminated. This means that the relation has been properly normalized and all non-key attributes are functionally dependent on the key attributes. By eliminating transitive dependencies, the relation avoids redundancy and ensures data integrity.

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70. Posle operacije projekcije, u novonastaloj relaciji:

Explanation

After performing the projection operation, the number of attributes in the resulting relation will be equal to or smaller than the number of attributes in the original relation. This is because the projection operation eliminates duplicate tuples and selects only the specified attributes, which may result in a reduction in the number of attributes.

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71. Šta je normalizacija šeme relacije: 

Explanation

Normalization of a relational schema involves decomposing a poorly structured schema into two or more schemas that comply with the desired "normal form". This process helps eliminate redundancy, improve data integrity, and ensure efficient data management. By breaking down the schema into smaller, more organized parts, it becomes easier to maintain and update the database.

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72. Anomalija unošenja znači da se: 

Explanation

The correct answer states that it is not possible to enter a value for one attribute without also entering a value for at least one other attribute. This means that when entering data, all relevant attributes must be filled in, and leaving any attribute blank is not allowed.

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73. Konzistentnost (Consistency) je osobina transakcije koja kaže: 

Explanation

The correct answer states that consistency is the property of a transaction that states that it should transform the database from one consistent state to another. This means that the transaction should ensure that the changes made to the database maintain its integrity and adhere to any constraints or rules defined for the database. In other words, the transaction should not leave the database in an inconsistent or invalid state after it is executed.

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74. Šta je nekorelisani podupit: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "Njegovo izvršavanje ne zavisi od izvršavanja spoljnog upita; Izvršava se na početku." This means that the execution of the subquery is independent of the execution of the outer query and it is executed at the beginning.

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75. U slučaju otkaza računarskog sistema na kome se vrše transakcije, na osnovu čega se rekonstruiše ispravno stanje baze podataka 

Explanation

In case of a computer system failure where transactions are being processed, the correct answer suggests that the correct state of the database can be reconstructed based on the last correct backup copy of the database and by repeating the transactions that occurred after the backup was made. This approach ensures that the database is restored to a consistent and accurate state by using the most recent backup and replaying the transactions that were made since then.

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76. DBA Opšte pravo znači sledeće: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "neograničena prava nad BP, koja ima korisnik koji je administrator BP." This means that DBA Opšte pravo refers to unlimited rights over the database, which are held by a user who is the administrator of the database. This option states that the user has unrestricted privileges and control over the entire database.

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77. Normalna forma je: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "kriterijuma za valjanost (kvalitet) šeme relacije" because normalna forma refers to the criteria for the validity (quality) of a relation schema. It is a set of rules that determine the structure and organization of the data in a relational database. The normal form ensures that the data is organized efficiently, eliminates redundancy and anomalies, and allows for easier data manipulation and retrieval.

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78. Posle operacije selekcije, u novonastaloj relaciji: 

Explanation

After the selection operation, the number of tuples in the resulting relation can be equal to or less than the number of tuples in the original relation. This is because the selection operation filters out certain tuples based on a specified condition, so it is possible that some tuples are removed from the original relation, resulting in a smaller number of tuples in the resulting relation.

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79. Relaciona algebra je:

Explanation

Relational algebra is a set of operators used to work with relations, and the results of these operations are also relations.

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80. Anomalija uklanjanja znači da se: 

Explanation

By removing the value of one attribute, it is possible to remove the values for unwanted attributes.

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81. Šta je Recordset (CRecordset) u C++, odnosno ResultSet u Java-i? 

Explanation

A Recordset (CRecordset) in C++ or a ResultSet in Java is a DB broker class that accepts a set of records obtained from an SQL query on a database.

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82. RESOURCE Opšte pravo znači sledeće: 

Explanation

The correct answer means that "opšte pravo" includes all the specific rights assigned to tables, as well as the ability to create views on those tables and the rights to create basic tables.

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83. Šeme relacija imaju dobru strukturu kada: 

Explanation

A relation has a good structure when there are no drawbacks or issues that can be observed through queries and the relational database structure itself. In other words, it means that the relation is well-designed and efficient, and there are no apparent problems or limitations when working with it. This suggests that the relation is optimized and can be easily queried and manipulated without any noticeable drawbacks.

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84. Šema relacije je u 1NF ako važi: 

Explanation

The explanation for the given correct answer is that in order for a relation to be in 1NF (First Normal Form), each attribute must have a scalar type, meaning that the value of each attribute is single-valued and indivisible. This means that each attribute should only contain a single value and cannot be further divided into smaller components. This ensures that the relation does not have any repeating groups or multi-valued attributes, which is a violation of 1NF.

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85. Obeležiti sve moguće posledice redudanse u relaciji: 

Explanation

The correct answer is that the possible consequences of redundancy in a relationship are multiple insertions, multiple changes, and multiple deletions. This means that when redundancy occurs, there can be duplicate entries, repeated modifications, and multiple deletions of the same data.

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86. Šta je raslojavanje aplikacije u objektno orijentisanom programiranju: 

Explanation

In object-oriented programming, application development involves building objects that are grouped based on their functionality. These groups are also referred to as layers. This approach allows for better organization and separation of concerns within the application. Each layer can have its own set of objects and responsibilities, making the application more modular and easier to maintain.

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87. Iz čega se sve sastoji osnovni aplikacioni model u objektno orijentisanom programiranju: 

Explanation

The basic application model in object-oriented programming consists of the presentation layer, business logic layer, and data layer. The presentation layer is responsible for the user interface and displaying information to the user. The business logic layer contains the code that implements the application's rules and processes. The data layer is responsible for storing and retrieving data from a database or other data source. These three layers work together to create a functional and efficient application.

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88. Unija je operacija relacione algebre koja:

Explanation

The correct answer is that the union operation in relational algebra forms a new relation that contains all tuples from both input relations. This means that the resulting relation will include all tuples from both input relations without any duplicates.

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89. Obeležiti sve karakteristične anomalije zbog šema relacija loše strukture: 

Explanation

The correct answer is the repetition of "Anomalija unošenja". This suggests that the given set of anomalies includes the same anomaly multiple times.

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90. Presek je operacija relacione algebre koja:

Explanation

The correct answer states that the operation of Presek in relational algebra forms a new relation by combining two input relations and including only the tuples from the first relation that are also present in the second relation. This means that the resulting relation will contain only the tuples that have a matching value in both relations.

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91. Ako se u toku završetka transakcije izvrši njen prekid kod izvršavanja COMMIT naredbe: 

Explanation

If the transaction is interrupted during the execution of the COMMIT command, the values of the after-image can be read from the log file and the database can be brought to a consistent state. This means that any changes that were made to the database before the interruption can be applied, ensuring that the database remains consistent. Therefore, it is possible to recover the transaction and bring the database back to a consistent state.

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92. Funkcijska zavisnost je parcijalna ako: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "postoji deo (podskup) atributa koji na isti način određuje drugi atribut". This means that there is a subset of attributes that determine another attribute in the same way. This is a characteristic of a partial functional dependency, where a part of the attributes can determine another attribute, but not all of them.

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93. Ako se radi o ugnježdenim transakcijama, za COMMIT važi sledeće: 

Explanation

When dealing with nested transactions, a COMMIT is required at all transaction levels, up to the deepest nested level. This means that each nested transaction must be committed individually before the changes are accepted.

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94. Kontrola pristupa se obezbeđuje sa funkcijama: 

Explanation

The correct answer is the list of functions that ensure access control. These functions include creating and removing user accounts, assigning and removing general privileges for working with a database, assigning and removing specific privileges, creating database tables, and deleting desired records from the tables. These functions collectively help in controlling access to the system and its resources.

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95. Obeležiti sve opasnosti kod izvršavanja transakcija: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "Otkaz sistema u toku izvršenja programa" and "Više korisnika pristupa istim podacima (čitanje i izmena)". These options highlight the potential dangers that can occur during transaction execution. System failure during program execution can lead to data loss or corruption. Additionally, when multiple users access the same data for reading and modification simultaneously, it can result in data inconsistency or conflicts. These risks need to be identified and addressed to ensure the integrity and reliability of transactions.

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96. Obeležiti osnovne elemente klijent server paradigme: 

Explanation

The correct answer includes the basic elements of the client-server paradigm. These elements are:
1. Uspostava konekcije po zahetvu klijenta (Establishing a connection upon client's request)
2. Klijent šalje zahtev za servisom (Client sends a request for a service)
3. Server pruža usluge (servise) iskljucivo po zahtevu klijenta (Server provides services exclusively upon client's request)
4. Raskid konekcije vrsi klijent (Client terminates the connection)

These elements represent the fundamental interactions between the client and server in a client-server architecture.

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97. Koja su tri osnovna načina u pristupanju BP iz aplikacija: 

Explanation

The three basic ways of accessing a database from applications are through the presentation layer, the business logic layer, and the data layer. The presentation layer is responsible for displaying information to the user and receiving user input. The business logic layer handles the processing and manipulation of data according to the business rules and logic. The data layer is responsible for storing and retrieving data from the database. These three layers work together to provide a seamless interaction between the application and the database.

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98. Šta znači pristup podacima iz prezentacionog sloja: 

Explanation

This answer suggests that "pristup podacima iz prezentacionog sloja" refers to when the functions for reading, updating, and adding data from/to the database are defined directly in the user interface code. This means that the data access is controlled by the user and provides privacy to the user. It implies that the user interface code handles the data operations without involving any separate data access layer.

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99. Funkcijska zavisnost je totalna (potpuna) ako: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "ne postoji ni jedan deo (podskup) atributa koji na isti način određuje drugi atribut" which translates to "there is no subset of attributes that determines another attribute in the same way." This means that in a total (complete) functional dependency, there are no redundant or unnecessary attributes that can determine another attribute. Every attribute is uniquely determining the other attribute.

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100. Šema relacije je u 2NF ako važi: 

Explanation

The correct answer states that in a relation to be in 2NF, all attributes of the entity that are not primary keys must depend on the entire primary key. This means that the values of these attributes are determined solely by the primary key and not by any other non-key attributes. This ensures that there are no partial dependencies in the relation, where an attribute depends on only a part of the primary key.

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101. Mehanizam zaključavanja (locking) kod izvršenja transakcija je: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "nasilno ostvarivanje serijabilnosti kod konkurentnog izvršavanja transakcija" which means "forceful enforcement of serializability in concurrent transaction execution". This refers to the mechanism of ensuring that concurrent transactions are executed in a way that maintains the illusion of serial execution, even though they may be executed concurrently. This mechanism involves techniques such as locking and conflict resolution to prevent conflicts and ensure the consistency of the database.

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102. Šema relacije je u 3NF ako važi: 

Explanation

The given answer states that a relation is in 3NF if there is no functional dependency where a non-key attribute transitively depends on any candidate key. This means that all non-key attributes should depend only on the candidate keys and not on other non-key attributes. This condition ensures that there are no unnecessary dependencies between non-key attributes, leading to a more efficient and well-structured database design.

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103. Ako se radi o ugnježdenim transakcijama, za ROLLBACK važi sledeće: 

Explanation

The correct answer states that it is sufficient for the ROLLBACK command to appear only once in order to undo the changes made in all nested transactions. This means that if the ROLLBACK command is executed at the highest level transaction (the one that contains all the nested transactions), it will automatically roll back all the changes made in the nested transactions as well. Therefore, the changes made in the nested transactions will be cancelled.

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104. Kod šeme relacije loše strukture: 

Explanation

The correct answer states that there is a multiple repetition of individual values of non-key attributes. This means that in the relation, there are non-key attributes that have multiple occurrences of the same value. This can lead to data redundancy and inconsistency, as the same value is repeated unnecessarily, wasting storage space and making it difficult to maintain data integrity.

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105. Pri dekompoziciji šeme relacije loše strukture:

Explanation

The correct answer is "ne mogu se pojaviti novi atributi" which means "new attributes cannot appear" in English. This means that during the decomposition of a relation scheme with poor structure, it is not possible to introduce new attributes.

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106. Konkurentno izvršavanje transakcija je serijabilno (linearno): 

Explanation

The correct answer is "if it produces the same result as serial execution of transactions." This means that concurrent execution of transactions should not lead to any inconsistencies or conflicts that would change the overall outcome of the transactions compared to executing them one after another in a serial manner. In other words, concurrent execution should not introduce any anomalies or errors in the results.

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107. Šta je korelisani podupit: 

Explanation

The correct answer is that a correlated subquery is executed for each row of the table being processed by the outer query. This means that the execution of the subquery is dependent on the execution of the outer query and is performed for each row individually.

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108. Koja su 2 (dva) pravila dobrog dizajna aplikacija: 

Explanation

The two rules of good application design are high cohesion within the same layer and weak coupling between objects in different layers. These rules emphasize the importance of organizing objects within a layer so that they are closely related and work together effectively, while also ensuring that objects in different layers are loosely connected to promote flexibility and maintainability. This approach helps to improve the overall structure and maintainability of the application.

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109. Nad čim je sve moguće izvršiti zaključavanje kod izvršenja transakcija: 

Explanation

It is possible to perform locking at various levels during transaction execution, including the complete database, tables, multiple tables, columns, and rows. Locking helps in maintaining data integrity and concurrency control in a multi-user environment.

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110. Dekompozicija je bez gubitaka ako: 

Explanation

The explanation for the given correct answer is that a decomposition is considered lossless if the original relation can be obtained by natural join of the newly created relations. This means that when the decomposed relations are combined using the natural join operation, the resulting relation will be exactly the same as the original relation.

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111. Dekompozicija je reverzibilna ako je ispunjeno sledeće: 

Explanation

The correct answer states that in order for decomposition to be reversible, the common attribute or set of attributes in the newly created relations should be a candidate key in at least one of the resulting relations. This means that the common attribute(s) uniquely identify the tuples in at least one of the new relations, ensuring that the original relation can be reconstructed from the decomposed relations.

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112. CONNECT Opšte pravo znači sledeće: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "sva dodeljena posebna prava nad tabelama, plus kreiranja pogleda nad tim tabelama". This means that CONNECT Privilege includes all the assigned special privileges on tables, as well as the ability to create views on those tables.

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113. Obeležiti sve prednosti upotrebe pogleda (VIEW): 

Explanation

The advantages of using a view include simplifying queries, ensuring data confidentiality through access control mechanisms, and the ability to reuse the view in subqueries. Views make it easier to write and execute queries by abstracting complex logic and calculations into a single, simplified view. They also provide a layer of security by allowing access control to be applied to the view, ensuring that only authorized users can access certain data. Additionally, views can be used in subqueries, allowing for more efficient and organized database design.

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114. Karakteristično za šeme relacija loše strukture je: 

Explanation

In a poorly structured relationship, there can be dependencies between attributes of a relation that restrict the values of attributes in tuples. This means that the values of certain attributes are dependent on the values of other attributes within the same relation.

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115. Restrikcija je operacija relacione algebre koja: 

Explanation

The correct answer states that a restriction operation in relational algebra selects a subset of tuples from the source relation based on a given criterion. This means that the operation filters out tuples that do not meet the specified condition, resulting in a new relation with a subset of tuples.

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116. Obeležiti šta sve sadrže SQL naredba za kreiranje tabela: 

Explanation

The correct answer includes all the essential elements of an SQL command for creating tables. It mentions the name of the table, the name of each column, the data type of each column, the constraints for the columns, and the assignment of privileges to users. It also includes the query for obtaining information.

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117. Projekcija je operacija relacione algebre koja: 

Explanation

The correct answer states that projection is an operation in relational algebra that forms a new relation by selecting a subset of tuples from the source relation based on a given set of attributes. This means that the projection operation extracts specific attributes from the source relation and creates a new relation with only those attributes. The resulting relation will consist of tuples that contain values only for the selected attributes.

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118. Posle operacije selekcije, u novonastaloj relaciji:

Explanation

After performing a selection operation, the number of attributes in the resulting relation remains the same as the number of attributes in the original relation. This means that the selection operation does not affect the number of attributes in the relation, and all the attributes from the original relation are retained in the resulting relation.

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119. Kako se vrši pristup podacima u BP iz sloja podataka: 

Explanation

The correct answer states that accessing data in a database is done by defining nested procedures in the database and calling them from the business logic layer (class). This suggests that the data access is performed through a structured and organized approach, where the database procedures are utilized and called upon by the business logic layer. This approach allows for efficient and controlled access to the data stored in the database.

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120. Do čega je sve dovelo pojava objektno orjentisanog programiranja: 

Explanation

The introduction of object-oriented programming enabled the complete separation of data from the interface towards data users. It also allowed for the complete separation of data from the logic of their processing. This means that data can be managed and manipulated independently of how they are presented to users or how they are processed. This separation enhances modularity, flexibility, and reusability in software development.

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121. Koja je namena prezentacionog sloja u troslojnom aplikacionom modelu: 

Explanation

The purpose of the presentation layer in a three-tier application model is to handle the display and user interface aspects of the application. It is responsible for receiving user input, such as data entry, and displaying information to the user, such as data viewing. Additionally, it handles tasks like data deletion and modification. The presentation layer also facilitates querying and creating objects within the application.

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122. Koje su prednosti integrisanih okruzenja: 

Explanation

Integrated environments have several advantages. They allow for fast development of databases and applications, as they provide all the necessary tools and resources in one place. This saves time and effort in searching for and configuring different software components. Additionally, having everything in one file simplifies the development process and makes it easier to manage and distribute applications. Integrated environments are particularly suitable for building simple applications, as they provide a user-friendly interface and seamless communication with the environment. They also allow for easy modification of applications, enabling developers to quickly make changes and improvements.

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123. Navesti sve prednosti pristupa podacima u bazi podataka iz prezentacionog sloja? 

Explanation

The advantages of accessing data in a database from the presentation layer include convenience for simple applications where everything is in one place, such as testing and experimentation applications, suitability for executing simple SQL commands, and ease and speed of implementation. Additionally, it is convenient in case of change or installation of a new version of the database management system (DBMS) as no modifications are required.

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124. Koji su nedostaci integrisanih okruzenja: 

Explanation

Integrated environments have several disadvantages. Firstly, they have a strong coupling with development environments and tools, which means that they are tightly integrated and dependent on specific tools and technologies. This can limit flexibility and make it difficult to switch to different tools or environments. Secondly, communication with the environment can be challenging, leading to difficulties in integrating with external systems or collaborating with other teams. Additionally, maintaining the application can be complicated, especially when it comes to making modifications or expanding its functionality. Finally, integrated environments may suffer from slow and inefficient build processes for databases and applications.

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Password je: 
U kom jeziku su kodirane Web stranice 
SQL naredba za dodelu privilegija korisnicima je: 
LOG ili ŽURNAL (dnevnik transakcija) zapisuje za svaki objekat i...
Username je: 
Naredbom BEGIN TRANSACTION: 
Koji je osnovni aplikacioni model u objektno orijentisanom...
Koje aplikacije su primer aplikacija koje imaju više od tri...
Pogled (VIEW) je: 
Naredbom: SELECT * FROM ImeTabele: 
Koji atributi nisu dobri kandidat za INDEX: 
Naredba ROLLBACK je naredba za: 
Serijsko izvršavanje transakcija označava da: 
Naredba za uklanjanje tabele iz BP je: 
Upitni jezik je:
Serijsko izvršavanje transakcija označava da: 
SQL naredba DELETE je: 
Izolacija (Isolation) je osobina transakcije koja kaže: 
Unijska kompatibilnost je neophodna za sledeće operacije relacione...
LOG ili ŽURNAL (dnevnik transakcija) zapisuje za svaki objekat i...
Koje mesto ima aplikacija, a koje SUBP u klijent server...
Redudansa u relaciji je: 
Šta sadrži korisnički interfejs kod desktop i Web...
Šta je ASP? 
Funkcijska zavisnost je tranzitivna ako: 
Binarna operacija relacione algebre je: 
Osnovne kontrole pristupa podacima su: 
Kod brisanja (uklanjanja) tabele iz BP neophodno je da: 
Šta je JSP? 
Problem nepotvrđenih promena ("prljavo čitanje") u BP nastaje:
Ako se korisniku ukloni CONNECT opšte pravo: 
Nakon dekompozicije, polazne funkcijske zavisnosti (koje su važile u...
Naredbe ažuriranja se odnose: 
Mrtvi čvor (dead lock) u izvršavanju dve transakcije...
SQL naredba INSERT je: 
Naredba COMMIT je naredba za: 
UNIQUE klauzula kao ograničenje kolone označava : 
SQL naredba UPDATE je: 
Atomnost (Atomicity) je osobina transakcije koja kaže: 
Unarna operacija relacione algebre je: 
Ako jedna transakcija postavi XL katanac (exclusive lock ili write...
Na koji način se razrešava mrtvi čvor (dead lock) u...
Šta su integrisana okruzenja: 
Koja vrsta pristupa podacima je primenjena u Access...
Šta se nalazi unutar tagova <%..%> u ASP i JSP...
Šta je transakcija: 
Zbog mogućih problema kod izvršavanja transakcija SUBP...
Kojim naredbama se može završiti jedna transakcija: 
Ako se neka kolona označi kao PRIMARY KEY to znači: 
Navestidi primer integrisanog okruženja: 
Ako se korisnicima daju Posebna prava sa WITH GRANT OPTION klauzulom,...
Šta je ekvivalentno sledećem izrazu:Prom1 BETWEEN Prom2 AND...
Šta je loše u sledećoj šemi relacije loše...
Šta je obavezno u svakom SELECT upitu: 
Obeležiti (svodne) funkcije koje se mogu koristiti u SQL upitima sa...
Trajnost (Durability) je osobina transakcije koja kaže: 
Mehanizam zaključavanja (locking) kod izvršenja transakcija...
Šta znači sledeće ograničenje pri kreiranju tabele:...
SQL naredba za definisanje (DDL) je: 
Posle operacije projekcije, u novonastaloj relaciji: 
INDEX je : 
Kod uklanjanja indeksa (DROP INDEX ImeIndeksa) karakteristično je...
Izmena definicije postojeće tabele vrši se SQL naredbom: 
Šta su DB brokeri? 
Razlika je operacija relacione algebre koja: 
Relaciona algebra je:
Kako se pristupa BP direktno iz ASP ili JSP stranice? 
Šta je JSTL? 
Šema relacije je u BCNF ako važi: 
Posle operacije projekcije, u novonastaloj relaciji:
Šta je normalizacija šeme relacije: 
Anomalija unošenja znači da se: 
Konzistentnost (Consistency) je osobina transakcije koja kaže: 
Šta je nekorelisani podupit: 
U slučaju otkaza računarskog sistema na kome se vrše...
DBA Opšte pravo znači sledeće: 
Normalna forma je: 
Posle operacije selekcije, u novonastaloj relaciji: 
Relaciona algebra je:
Anomalija uklanjanja znači da se: 
Šta je Recordset (CRecordset) u C++, odnosno ResultSet u...
RESOURCE Opšte pravo znači sledeće: 
Šeme relacija imaju dobru strukturu kada: 
Šema relacije je u 1NF ako važi: 
Obeležiti sve moguće posledice redudanse u relaciji: 
Šta je raslojavanje aplikacije u objektno orijentisanom...
Iz čega se sve sastoji osnovni aplikacioni model u objektno...
Unija je operacija relacione algebre koja:
Obeležiti sve karakteristične anomalije zbog šema relacija...
Presek je operacija relacione algebre koja:
Ako se u toku završetka transakcije izvrši njen prekid...
Funkcijska zavisnost je parcijalna ako: 
Ako se radi o ugnježdenim transakcijama, za COMMIT važi...
Kontrola pristupa se obezbeđuje sa funkcijama: 
Obeležiti sve opasnosti kod izvršavanja transakcija: 
Obeležiti osnovne elemente klijent server paradigme: 
Koja su tri osnovna načina u pristupanju BP iz aplikacija: 
Šta znači pristup podacima iz prezentacionog sloja: 
Funkcijska zavisnost je totalna (potpuna) ako: 
Šema relacije je u 2NF ako važi: 
Mehanizam zaključavanja (locking) kod izvršenja transakcija...
Šema relacije je u 3NF ako važi: 
Ako se radi o ugnježdenim transakcijama, za ROLLBACK važi...
Kod šeme relacije loše strukture: 
Pri dekompoziciji šeme relacije loše strukture:
Konkurentno izvršavanje transakcija je serijabilno...
Šta je korelisani podupit: 
Koja su 2 (dva) pravila dobrog dizajna aplikacija: 
Nad čim je sve moguće izvršiti zaključavanje kod...
Dekompozicija je bez gubitaka ako: 
Dekompozicija je reverzibilna ako je ispunjeno sledeće: 
CONNECT Opšte pravo znači sledeće: 
Obeležiti sve prednosti upotrebe pogleda (VIEW): 
Karakteristično za šeme relacija loše strukture...
Restrikcija je operacija relacione algebre koja: 
Obeležiti šta sve sadrže SQL naredba za kreiranje...
Projekcija je operacija relacione algebre koja: 
Posle operacije selekcije, u novonastaloj relaciji:
Kako se vrši pristup podacima u BP iz sloja podataka: 
Do čega je sve dovelo pojava objektno orjentisanog...
Koja je namena prezentacionog sloja u troslojnom aplikacionom...
Koje su prednosti integrisanih okruzenja: 
Navesti sve prednosti pristupa podacima u bazi podataka iz...
Koji su nedostaci integrisanih okruzenja: 
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