Basic Animal care - 100 Questions On Reptiles And Amphibians

1. If you live in an apartment and cannot afford to have a noisy pet, most herptiles will be a good option for a pet.

True

False

This statement suggests that herptiles, which include reptiles and amphibians, would be a good option for a pet if you live in an apartment and cannot have a noisy pet. Herptiles are generally quiet and do not make much noise, making them suitable for apartment living. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation

This statement suggests that herptiles, which include reptiles and amphibians, would be a good option for a pet if you live in an apartment and cannot have a noisy pet. Herptiles are generally quiet and do not make much noise, making them suitable for apartment living. Therefore, the statement is true.

2. Chameleons, family Chamaeleonidae are very easily stressed.

True

False

Chameleons, belonging to the family Chamaeleonidae, are known to be easily stressed. This is because they are highly sensitive to changes in their environment and can become agitated or anxious easily. Factors such as loud noises, sudden movements, or being handled can cause stress in chameleons. Therefore, it is important for chameleon owners to provide them with a calm and stable environment to minimize stress and promote their well-being.

Explanation

Chameleons, belonging to the family Chamaeleonidae, are known to be easily stressed. This is because they are highly sensitive to changes in their environment and can become agitated or anxious easily. Factors such as loud noises, sudden movements, or being handled can cause stress in chameleons. Therefore, it is important for chameleon owners to provide them with a calm and stable environment to minimize stress and promote their well-being.

3. Semi-aquatic species need a water dish large enough to be a "swimming pool". Do these usually defecate in water too?

Yes

No, I really hope not.

Semi-aquatic species typically defecate in water as they spend a significant amount of time in it. The water acts as a natural medium for them to eliminate waste.

Explanation

Semi-aquatic species typically defecate in water as they spend a significant amount of time in it. The water acts as a natural medium for them to eliminate waste.

4. In the class Amphibia, order Caudata, do you find animals with tails?

Yes

No

In the class Amphibia, order Caudata, animals with tails can be found. This is because the order Caudata, also known as Urodela, consists of amphibians that have tails throughout their lives. These animals, commonly known as salamanders or newts, have elongated bodies and long tails, which are important for swimming and balance. Therefore, it is correct to say that animals with tails can be found in the class Amphibia, order Caudata.

Explanation

In the class Amphibia, order Caudata, animals with tails can be found. This is because the order Caudata, also known as Urodela, consists of amphibians that have tails throughout their lives. These animals, commonly known as salamanders or newts, have elongated bodies and long tails, which are important for swimming and balance. Therefore, it is correct to say that animals with tails can be found in the class Amphibia, order Caudata.

5. If you want an animal which you do not really want to touch, but add "life" beauty into your home, other than plants, certain types of herptiles can be a good option with their interesting behaviour.

True

False

Certain types of herptiles, such as reptiles and amphibians, can be a good option for adding beauty to your home without the need for physical touch. These animals often have interesting behaviors and unique appearances that can enhance the aesthetic of your living space. Unlike plants, herptiles can provide a dynamic and interactive element to your home decor. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation

Certain types of herptiles, such as reptiles and amphibians, can be a good option for adding beauty to your home without the need for physical touch. These animals often have interesting behaviors and unique appearances that can enhance the aesthetic of your living space. Unlike plants, herptiles can provide a dynamic and interactive element to your home decor. Therefore, the statement is true.

6. You want a herptile so you can show it off to your friends. This is a bad option to have any type of animal.

True

False

Having an animal solely for the purpose of showing it off to friends is not a responsible or ethical reason to have any type of animal. Animals should be cared for and kept as pets for their own well-being and not for the entertainment or status of the owner. It is important to consider the needs and welfare of the animal before getting any pet.

Explanation

Having an animal solely for the purpose of showing it off to friends is not a responsible or ethical reason to have any type of animal. Animals should be cared for and kept as pets for their own well-being and not for the entertainment or status of the owner. It is important to consider the needs and welfare of the animal before getting any pet.

7. It is a good reason to keep a dangerous\venomous herptile for "macho-ism," since it is good for your self-esteem.

True

False

Keeping a dangerous or venomous herptile for "macho-ism" is not a good reason because it does not contribute to one's self-esteem. In fact, it can be risky and potentially harmful to both the individual and others around them. Self-esteem is better developed through healthy and positive actions that promote personal growth and well-being.

Explanation

Keeping a dangerous or venomous herptile for "macho-ism" is not a good reason because it does not contribute to one's self-esteem. In fact, it can be risky and potentially harmful to both the individual and others around them. Self-esteem is better developed through healthy and positive actions that promote personal growth and well-being.

8. Heterotherms experience variations in body temperature.

True

False

Heterotherms are organisms that can regulate their body temperature to some extent, but also experience variations in temperature depending on their environment. This means that their body temperature can fluctuate and change in response to external factors such as weather conditions or activity levels. Therefore, the statement that heterotherms experience variations in body temperature is true.

Explanation

Heterotherms are organisms that can regulate their body temperature to some extent, but also experience variations in temperature depending on their environment. This means that their body temperature can fluctuate and change in response to external factors such as weather conditions or activity levels. Therefore, the statement that heterotherms experience variations in body temperature is true.

9. Species that obtain their body heat from a radiant source, the sun ( usually, diurnal basking species), are called __________.

Heliothermic

Thigmothermic

Heliothermic species are those that obtain their body heat from a radiant source, typically the sun. These species are usually diurnal basking species, meaning they actively expose themselves to the sun to warm up their bodies. This behavior helps them regulate their body temperature and maintain optimal functioning. Thigmothermic refers to species that obtain their body heat from direct contact with a warm surface or object.

Explanation

Heliothermic species are those that obtain their body heat from a radiant source, typically the sun. These species are usually diurnal basking species, meaning they actively expose themselves to the sun to warm up their bodies. This behavior helps them regulate their body temperature and maintain optimal functioning. Thigmothermic refers to species that obtain their body heat from direct contact with a warm surface or object.

10. A composite substrate has the possibility of turning it into a bioactive substrate if deep enough (at least 5-6 cm), where a population of "good" bacteria helps prevent "bad" bacterial overgrowth( but the substrate needs to be aerated regularly and spot-cleaned of waste regularly)

True

False

A composite substrate can be turned into a bioactive substrate if it is deep enough (at least 5-6 cm). This is because a deep substrate allows for the establishment of a population of "good" bacteria that can prevent the overgrowth of "bad" bacteria. However, in order for the substrate to remain bioactive, it needs to be aerated regularly and spot-cleaned of waste regularly. Therefore, the statement "True" is the correct answer.

Explanation

A composite substrate can be turned into a bioactive substrate if it is deep enough (at least 5-6 cm). This is because a deep substrate allows for the establishment of a population of "good" bacteria that can prevent the overgrowth of "bad" bacteria. However, in order for the substrate to remain bioactive, it needs to be aerated regularly and spot-cleaned of waste regularly. Therefore, the statement "True" is the correct answer.

11. If you don't have the time to go out and walk your animals, a herptile, which lives indoors most of the time when a pet, can be a good option, since they like being alone at times.

True

False

Keeping a herptile as a pet can be a good option for someone who doesn't have the time to go out and walk their animals. Herptiles, such as reptiles and amphibians, are typically kept indoors and do not require daily walks like dogs. They are also known to be solitary animals and can be content being alone for extended periods of time. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation

Keeping a herptile as a pet can be a good option for someone who doesn't have the time to go out and walk their animals. Herptiles, such as reptiles and amphibians, are typically kept indoors and do not require daily walks like dogs. They are also known to be solitary animals and can be content being alone for extended periods of time. Therefore, the statement is true.

12. Leopard Gecko, Eublepharis macularius and the (New Caledonian) Crested Gecko, Rhacodactylus ciliates are both good pets for beginners.

True

False

Both the Leopard Gecko and the Crested Gecko are considered good pets for beginners. They are relatively low-maintenance reptiles that are easy to care for. They have similar requirements in terms of temperature, humidity, and diet, making them suitable for novice reptile owners. Additionally, they are generally docile and easy to handle, making them a good choice for those who are new to reptile keeping.

Explanation

Both the Leopard Gecko and the Crested Gecko are considered good pets for beginners. They are relatively low-maintenance reptiles that are easy to care for. They have similar requirements in terms of temperature, humidity, and diet, making them suitable for novice reptile owners. Additionally, they are generally docile and easy to handle, making them a good choice for those who are new to reptile keeping.

13. Species that obtain their body heat from a surface pre-heated by the sun. Usually nocturnal species.

Heliothermic

Thigmothermic

Thigmothermic refers to species that obtain their body heat from a surface pre-heated by the sun. These species are usually nocturnal, meaning they are active during the night. They rely on the warmth of surfaces that have been heated by the sun during the day to regulate their body temperature. This allows them to conserve energy by not having to produce their own body heat.

Explanation

Thigmothermic refers to species that obtain their body heat from a surface pre-heated by the sun. These species are usually nocturnal, meaning they are active during the night. They rely on the warmth of surfaces that have been heated by the sun during the day to regulate their body temperature. This allows them to conserve energy by not having to produce their own body heat.

14. Burmese Pythons, Reticulated Pythons, Anacondas are good choices for beginners, because we know a lot about them.

True

False

 Large size
 Large enclosure
 Potentially dangerous without proper precautions

Explanation

 Large size
 Large enclosure
 Potentially dangerous without proper precautions

15. Mixes of various materials in different ratios, to make a more "natural" substrate that allows for natural behaviours >>>>>> is a composite substrate.

True

False

The given statement suggests that when mixes of various materials are combined in different ratios to create a substrate that allows for natural behaviors, it is referred to as a composite substrate. This implies that the statement is true.

Explanation

The given statement suggests that when mixes of various materials are combined in different ratios to create a substrate that allows for natural behaviors, it is referred to as a composite substrate. This implies that the statement is true.

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17. In suborder Lacertilia, you find lizards.

True

False

In the suborder Lacertilia, lizards are indeed found. Lacertilia is a suborder of reptiles that includes all species of lizards. Therefore, it is correct to say that lizards are found in this suborder.

Explanation

In the suborder Lacertilia, lizards are indeed found. Lacertilia is a suborder of reptiles that includes all species of lizards. Therefore, it is correct to say that lizards are found in this suborder.

18. Not all herps drink from dishes. Some will only drink water droplets off of vegetation or from moving water sources (i.e.: streams, waterfalls, etc.).

True

False

Some herps do not drink from dishes and instead prefer to drink water droplets from vegetation or from moving water sources like streams or waterfalls. This means that not all herps rely on dishes for their hydration needs, supporting the statement that not all herps drink from dishes. Therefore, the correct answer is True.

Explanation

Some herps do not drink from dishes and instead prefer to drink water droplets from vegetation or from moving water sources like streams or waterfalls. This means that not all herps rely on dishes for their hydration needs, supporting the statement that not all herps drink from dishes. Therefore, the correct answer is True.

19. Which of these is the definition for a particular substrate? ( Hint: The other is non-particulate)

Made up of many small pieces (ex: sand, peat moss, etc.)

Made up of large pieces (ex: paper towels, newspaper, carpeting, tile,etc.)

A particular substrate is defined as being made up of many small pieces, such as sand or peat moss. This means that the substrate consists of numerous small particles or fragments. It is distinct from the other option, which states that the substrate is made up of large pieces like paper towels, newspaper, carpeting, or tile.

Explanation

A particular substrate is defined as being made up of many small pieces, such as sand or peat moss. This means that the substrate consists of numerous small particles or fragments. It is distinct from the other option, which states that the substrate is made up of large pieces like paper towels, newspaper, carpeting, or tile.

20. Name a characteristic of an animal in the orer Caudata. ( Just put the main word. For example: Tail, instead of >>he has a tail.)

Characterized by an elongated body with a tail and stout legs (some
species such as sirens or amphiumas have extremely reduced limbs or no back limbs)

Explanation

Characterized by an elongated body with a tail and stout legs (some
species such as sirens or amphiumas have extremely reduced limbs or no back limbs)

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21. If you don't have a lot of space, but want an animal, herptiles can be a good option.

True

False

Herptiles, which include reptiles and amphibians, are a good option for people who don't have a lot of space but still want to have an animal as a pet. Unlike larger animals like dogs or cats, herptiles require less space and can be kept in smaller enclosures. They also have lower maintenance needs and can be easier to care for in terms of feeding and cleaning. Therefore, for individuals with limited space, herptiles can be a suitable choice for having a pet.

Explanation

Herptiles, which include reptiles and amphibians, are a good option for people who don't have a lot of space but still want to have an animal as a pet. Unlike larger animals like dogs or cats, herptiles require less space and can be kept in smaller enclosures. They also have lower maintenance needs and can be easier to care for in terms of feeding and cleaning. Therefore, for individuals with limited space, herptiles can be a suitable choice for having a pet.

22. Which is true?

REPTILES ≠ AMPHIBIANS

REPTILES = AMPHIBIANS

They are completely different groups of animals, they are grouped
together in the science of “herpetology” due to past misconceptions of their ancestry.

Explanation

They are completely different groups of animals, they are grouped
together in the science of “herpetology” due to past misconceptions of their ancestry.

23. The Bearded Dragon, Pogona vitticeps is a good pet for a beginner.

True

False

The Bearded Dragon, Pogona vitticeps, is a good pet for a beginner because they are relatively easy to care for. They have a calm temperament, are hardy and adaptable, and have simple dietary and habitat requirements. They are also social animals and can bond with their owners. Therefore, for someone who is new to reptile ownership, a Bearded Dragon would be a suitable choice.

Explanation

The Bearded Dragon, Pogona vitticeps, is a good pet for a beginner because they are relatively easy to care for. They have a calm temperament, are hardy and adaptable, and have simple dietary and habitat requirements. They are also social animals and can bond with their owners. Therefore, for someone who is new to reptile ownership, a Bearded Dragon would be a suitable choice.

24. Homeotherms experience little change in body temperature while maintaining homeostasis.

True

False

Homeotherms are organisms that can maintain a constant body temperature despite external temperature fluctuations. They achieve this by regulating their internal temperature through various physiological mechanisms. This allows them to maintain homeostasis, which is the stable internal environment necessary for proper bodily functions. Therefore, it is correct to say that homeotherms experience little change in body temperature while maintaining homeostasis.

Explanation

Homeotherms are organisms that can maintain a constant body temperature despite external temperature fluctuations. They achieve this by regulating their internal temperature through various physiological mechanisms. This allows them to maintain homeostasis, which is the stable internal environment necessary for proper bodily functions. Therefore, it is correct to say that homeotherms experience little change in body temperature while maintaining homeostasis.

25. A POTR exists for every species, which is a range of body temperatures that the herp tries to achieve that centre around a PBT. This is the goal of thermoregulation. What is PBT?

Preferred body temperature

Probable body temperature

Pending body temperature

Preferred bearing terrainium

PBT stands for Preferred Body Temperature. It refers to the range of body temperatures that a herp (reptile or amphibian) tries to achieve. This range is specific to each species and is the goal of thermoregulation, where the herp adjusts its behavior to maintain its body temperature within this preferred range.

Explanation

PBT stands for Preferred Body Temperature. It refers to the range of body temperatures that a herp (reptile or amphibian) tries to achieve. This range is specific to each species and is the goal of thermoregulation, where the herp adjusts its behavior to maintain its body temperature within this preferred range.

26. Lack of UVB (or a calcium-deficient diet) results in nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSHP), also called ________ __________ _______ (MBD)

Lack of UVB or a calcium-deficient diet can lead to nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSHP), also known as metabolic bone disease (MBD). This condition is characterized by the weakening and deformity of bones due to imbalances in calcium and phosphorus levels. It can result in fractures, bone pain, and impaired mobility. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.

Explanation

Lack of UVB or a calcium-deficient diet can lead to nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSHP), also known as metabolic bone disease (MBD). This condition is characterized by the weakening and deformity of bones due to imbalances in calcium and phosphorus levels. It can result in fractures, bone pain, and impaired mobility. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.

Submit

27. In which order can you find salamanders, newts, sirens, and amphiuma?

Order Caudata

Order Gymnophobia

Order Anura

Order Reptilia

The correct order in which you can find salamanders, newts, sirens, and amphiuma is Order Caudata. This order includes all the mentioned amphibians. Order Gymnophobia is not a valid order for these animals, and Order Anura refers to frogs and toads, which are not included in the given list. Order Reptilia includes reptiles, not amphibians. Therefore, the correct answer is Order Caudata.

Explanation

The correct order in which you can find salamanders, newts, sirens, and amphiuma is Order Caudata. This order includes all the mentioned amphibians. Order Gymnophobia is not a valid order for these animals, and Order Anura refers to frogs and toads, which are not included in the given list. Order Reptilia includes reptiles, not amphibians. Therefore, the correct answer is Order Caudata.

28. General rule of thumb, that you should have at least an __ °C difference from the warm side of the gradient to the cool side so that the animal can thermoregulate properly.

6

8

21-23

5

The general rule of thumb for proper thermoregulation in animals is to have at least an 8°C difference between the warm side and the cool side of the gradient. This temperature difference allows the animal to adjust its body temperature effectively.

Explanation

The general rule of thumb for proper thermoregulation in animals is to have at least an 8°C difference between the warm side and the cool side of the gradient. This temperature difference allows the animal to adjust its body temperature effectively.

29. Herpetologists are biologists that focus on......

Reptiles

Amphibians

The study of herpes and how it can affect animals.

Reptiles and amphibians

Herp, herptile: A slang, collective term for reptiles and amphibians, derived from “herpetology,” the
study of reptiles.

Explanation

Herp, herptile: A slang, collective term for reptiles and amphibians, derived from “herpetology,” the
study of reptiles.

30. A minimum of ____ thermometer(s) is necessarily to ensure that the warm end of the gradient is warm enough (and not too warm), and the cool end is cool enough (not too cool)

1

2

3

4

To ensure that the warm end of the gradient is warm enough and the cool end is cool enough, a minimum of two thermometers is necessary. With just one thermometer, it would be impossible to accurately measure both ends of the gradient simultaneously. Two thermometers allow for monitoring of both ends and ensure that the temperature range is within the desired limits.

Explanation

To ensure that the warm end of the gradient is warm enough and the cool end is cool enough, a minimum of two thermometers is necessary. With just one thermometer, it would be impossible to accurately measure both ends of the gradient simultaneously. Two thermometers allow for monitoring of both ends and ensure that the temperature range is within the desired limits.

31. Heptiles are hypoallergenic companion animals.

True

False

This statement is true because heptiles are actually a fictional creature, and being fictional means they cannot cause allergies or have any allergic reactions. Therefore, heptiles can be considered hypoallergenic companion animals.

Explanation

This statement is true because heptiles are actually a fictional creature, and being fictional means they cannot cause allergies or have any allergic reactions. Therefore, heptiles can be considered hypoallergenic companion animals.

32. Cagemates may be bad, but only if they are of the same species. Species mixing is a great way to make you herps interact naturally.

True

False

Species mixing is an even worse idea. Different species have very specific habitat needs, it can be
difficult to impossible to provide appropriate care for more than one species in the same
enclosure. Disease transmission can occur, as well as predation.

Explanation

Species mixing is an even worse idea. Different species have very specific habitat needs, it can be
difficult to impossible to provide appropriate care for more than one species in the same
enclosure. Disease transmission can occur, as well as predation.

Submit

34. What is a substrate?

Medium covering cage floor

What you change the bedding for

The second option for the floor covering

Sand

A substrate refers to a medium that is used to cover the floor of a cage or enclosure. It is typically used to provide a comfortable and suitable surface for animals to walk or rest on. The substrate can be changed periodically to maintain cleanliness and hygiene in the cage. Sand is one type of substrate that can be used, but in this case, the correct answer is a medium covering cage floor, which is a more general term encompassing various types of substrates.

Explanation

A substrate refers to a medium that is used to cover the floor of a cage or enclosure. It is typically used to provide a comfortable and suitable surface for animals to walk or rest on. The substrate can be changed periodically to maintain cleanliness and hygiene in the cage. Sand is one type of substrate that can be used, but in this case, the correct answer is a medium covering cage floor, which is a more general term encompassing various types of substrates.

35. It is a good reason to keep a herptile so you can make it eat your "house insects," because you hate insects.

True

False

Keeping a herptile solely to make it eat house insects because you hate insects is not a good reason. While herptiles like reptiles and amphibians can eat insects, they require proper care, habitat, and nutrition. Owning a herptile should be based on responsible pet ownership and providing a suitable environment for the animal, rather than using it as a means to get rid of insects.

Explanation

Keeping a herptile solely to make it eat house insects because you hate insects is not a good reason. While herptiles like reptiles and amphibians can eat insects, they require proper care, habitat, and nutrition. Owning a herptile should be based on responsible pet ownership and providing a suitable environment for the animal, rather than using it as a means to get rid of insects.

36. The Green Iguana ( Iguana Iguana) is an excellent choice for beginners and is cheap in pet stores.

True

False

False!
Very large adult size (2 m, 8 kg)
 Special diet requirements
 Need giant, tropical enclosure
 Can be very aggressive
 20 year lifespan

Explanation

False!
Very large adult size (2 m, 8 kg)
 Special diet requirements
 Need giant, tropical enclosure
 Can be very aggressive
 20 year lifespan

37. Squamates share characteristics such as the presence of scales and hemipenes.

True

False

Squamates, which include lizards and snakes, are characterized by the presence of scales and hemipenes. Scales are protective coverings on their bodies, while hemipenes are paired reproductive organs found in males. These characteristics are unique to squamates and distinguish them from other reptiles. Therefore, the statement that squamates share characteristics such as the presence of scales and hemipenes is true.

Explanation

Squamates, which include lizards and snakes, are characterized by the presence of scales and hemipenes. Scales are protective coverings on their bodies, while hemipenes are paired reproductive organs found in males. These characteristics are unique to squamates and distinguish them from other reptiles. Therefore, the statement that squamates share characteristics such as the presence of scales and hemipenes is true.

38. The Giant Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) and the Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) are two iguanids with similar care requirements, because they are Iguanas.

True

False

False! The Giant Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) and the Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) are two
iguanids with very different care requirements, because they are different species! Imagine if you treated dogs and cats the same!

Explanation

False! The Giant Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) and the Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) are two
iguanids with very different care requirements, because they are different species! Imagine if you treated dogs and cats the same!

39. What does POTR stand for?

Probable onset temperature for reptiles

Preferred on the reptile species

Pentium optimum temperature range

Preferred optimum temperature range

The acronym POTR stands for Preferred Optimum Temperature Range. This refers to the range of temperatures that is most favorable for the optimal functioning and well-being of a particular organism or species. It is important for reptiles, as they are ectothermic animals that rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature. The preferred optimum temperature range for reptiles varies depending on the species and can have significant impacts on their metabolism, digestion, and overall health.

Explanation

The acronym POTR stands for Preferred Optimum Temperature Range. This refers to the range of temperatures that is most favorable for the optimal functioning and well-being of a particular organism or species. It is important for reptiles, as they are ectothermic animals that rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature. The preferred optimum temperature range for reptiles varies depending on the species and can have significant impacts on their metabolism, digestion, and overall health.

40. Photoperiod = Number of _________ hours in a __ hour period.

Daylight, 24

Nighttime, 24

Daylight, 12

Nightime, 12

Photoperiod refers to the number of daylight hours in a given period. In this case, the given period is 24 hours. Therefore, the correct answer is "daylight, 24".

Explanation

Photoperiod refers to the number of daylight hours in a given period. In this case, the given period is 24 hours. Therefore, the correct answer is "daylight, 24".

41. Minimum of __ hide(s) spot(s) per animal.

1

2

3

4

The correct answer is 2 because the question is asking for the minimum number of hide spots per animal. Therefore, the minimum number of hide spots would be 2.

Explanation

The correct answer is 2 because the question is asking for the minimum number of hide spots per animal. Therefore, the minimum number of hide spots would be 2.

42. If you're the type of person that likes seeing dangerous things and "wildlife" behaviour, a herptile can be a good option since you can watch (certain picky eaters, like some snakes) a mice get scared and then killed.

True

False

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Explanation

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43. The Chinese Fire-bellied Newts, Cynops orientalis is a great pet for beginners.

True

False

The Chinese Fire-bellied Newts, Cynops orientalis, are indeed a great pet for beginners. They are relatively easy to care for and have a docile temperament. They are also small in size, making them suitable for keeping in smaller enclosures. Additionally, they are hardy and can tolerate a wide range of water conditions. Overall, their low maintenance requirements and beginner-friendly nature make them a great choice for those new to keeping amphibians as pets.

Explanation

The Chinese Fire-bellied Newts, Cynops orientalis, are indeed a great pet for beginners. They are relatively easy to care for and have a docile temperament. They are also small in size, making them suitable for keeping in smaller enclosures. Additionally, they are hardy and can tolerate a wide range of water conditions. Overall, their low maintenance requirements and beginner-friendly nature make them a great choice for those new to keeping amphibians as pets.

44. Must be clean and free of toxins, and should be presented in a way that the animal is accustomed to. Can you name a toxin to avoid?

To ensure that the animal's environment is clean and free of toxins, it is important to avoid substances such as chlorine, chloramines, and fluoride. These chemicals can be harmful to animals and may cause health issues if they are present in the animal's surroundings. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the animal's environment is free from these toxins to maintain their well-being.

Explanation

To ensure that the animal's environment is clean and free of toxins, it is important to avoid substances such as chlorine, chloramines, and fluoride. These chemicals can be harmful to animals and may cause health issues if they are present in the animal's surroundings. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the animal's environment is free from these toxins to maintain their well-being.

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45. Substrate can be a form of enrichment if the animal likes to ______.

Substrate can be a form of enrichment if the animal likes to burrow. This means that providing a suitable substrate that allows the animal to dig and create burrows can enhance their overall well-being and provide mental stimulation. Burrowing is a natural behavior for many animals, and having the opportunity to engage in this behavior can help to satisfy their instinctual needs and promote natural behaviors.

Explanation

Substrate can be a form of enrichment if the animal likes to burrow. This means that providing a suitable substrate that allows the animal to dig and create burrows can enhance their overall well-being and provide mental stimulation. Burrowing is a natural behavior for many animals, and having the opportunity to engage in this behavior can help to satisfy their instinctual needs and promote natural behaviors.

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46. Which of these is most important when choosing which species you should buy?

Space requirements: Some animals are very active and need a relatively large enclosure for their body size.

Personality and behaviour: Do you want an animal that can be handled, or a hands-off displayanimal?

Adult size

They are all as equally important.

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Explanation

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47. Which order is collectively referred to as chelonians because they are within the superorder Chelonia?

Order Testudines

Order Sphenodontia

Order Squamata

Order Tostephonitia

Order Testudines is collectively referred to as chelonians because they belong to the superorder Chelonia. Chelonians include turtles, tortoises, and terrapins, which are characterized by their protective shells. The name "chelonians" is derived from the Greek word "chelone," which means turtle. This order is distinct from other reptiles such as lizards and snakes, which belong to the orders Sphenodontia and Squamata, respectively. Order Tostephonitia is not a recognized order and is likely a made-up option.

Explanation

Order Testudines is collectively referred to as chelonians because they belong to the superorder Chelonia. Chelonians include turtles, tortoises, and terrapins, which are characterized by their protective shells. The name "chelonians" is derived from the Greek word "chelone," which means turtle. This order is distinct from other reptiles such as lizards and snakes, which belong to the orders Sphenodontia and Squamata, respectively. Order Tostephonitia is not a recognized order and is likely a made-up option.

48. Crocodilians such as alligators, crocodiles, gavials/gharials and caimans can be found in this order: Order __________.

Crocodilians such as alligators, crocodiles, gavials/gharials, and caimans belong to the order Crocodilia. This order includes all the species of reptiles that are commonly referred to as crocodilians.

Explanation

Crocodilians such as alligators, crocodiles, gavials/gharials, and caimans belong to the order Crocodilia. This order includes all the species of reptiles that are commonly referred to as crocodilians.

Submit

50. Photoperiod related to _______ gland stimulation, which releases _______ (hormone).

Pineal, melanin

Stimuli, melanin

Pineal, testosterone

Sphymp, endocrine

The pineal gland is related to photoperiod, which refers to the length of daylight and darkness in a day. When the pineal gland is stimulated by changes in the photoperiod, it releases melanin, a hormone that regulates sleep patterns and other biological functions.

Explanation

The pineal gland is related to photoperiod, which refers to the length of daylight and darkness in a day. When the pineal gland is stimulated by changes in the photoperiod, it releases melanin, a hormone that regulates sleep patterns and other biological functions.

51. UVB is required for vitamin D3 biosynthesis in the skin; Vitamin D3 is required to absorb dietary ________.

UVB radiation is necessary for the synthesis of vitamin D3 in the skin. Vitamin D3, in turn, is essential for the absorption of dietary calcium. Without sufficient levels of vitamin D3, the body cannot effectively absorb calcium from the diet, leading to potential deficiencies and related health issues.

Explanation

UVB radiation is necessary for the synthesis of vitamin D3 in the skin. Vitamin D3, in turn, is essential for the absorption of dietary calcium. Without sufficient levels of vitamin D3, the body cannot effectively absorb calcium from the diet, leading to potential deficiencies and related health issues.

Submit

52. The White's Tree Frog (also called Dumpy Tree Frog), Pelodryas caerulea (previously called Litoria caerulea) is a great pet for someone starting out with herptiles.

True

False

The explanation for the correct answer "True" is that the White's Tree Frog, also known as the Dumpy Tree Frog, is indeed a great pet for someone who is new to keeping herptiles (reptiles and amphibians). They are relatively easy to care for, have a docile temperament, and are adaptable to a variety of conditions. They are also known for their distinctive appearance, with their bright green color and big white eyes. Therefore, it is true that the White's Tree Frog is a great pet for beginners in herptile keeping.

Explanation

The explanation for the correct answer "True" is that the White's Tree Frog, also known as the Dumpy Tree Frog, is indeed a great pet for someone who is new to keeping herptiles (reptiles and amphibians). They are relatively easy to care for, have a docile temperament, and are adaptable to a variety of conditions. They are also known for their distinctive appearance, with their bright green color and big white eyes. Therefore, it is true that the White's Tree Frog is a great pet for beginners in herptile keeping.

53. Which of these can burn a heliotherm? 1. Incandescent bulbs: Not very energy-efficient, short lifespan. 2. Halogen bulbs: More energy-efficient than incandescent bulbs,not suitable for all enclosures. 3. Ceramic heat emitters: Emit infrared heat (no light), great for nighttime heating, lasts 6-12 months. 4. Radiant heat panels: Emit infrared heat (no light), very expensive but last a "lifetime"

1 and 2.

2 only.

1, 2, and 3.

None, they are all safe.

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3. This is because all three options - incandescent bulbs, halogen bulbs, and ceramic heat emitters - can burn a heliotherm. Incandescent bulbs and halogen bulbs are not very energy-efficient and can have a short lifespan, while halogen bulbs are also not suitable for all enclosures. Ceramic heat emitters, although great for nighttime heating, only last 6-12 months. Therefore, all three options can potentially cause damage to a heliotherm.

Explanation

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3. This is because all three options - incandescent bulbs, halogen bulbs, and ceramic heat emitters - can burn a heliotherm. Incandescent bulbs and halogen bulbs are not very energy-efficient and can have a short lifespan, while halogen bulbs are also not suitable for all enclosures. Ceramic heat emitters, although great for nighttime heating, only last 6-12 months. Therefore, all three options can potentially cause damage to a heliotherm.

54. Like any other animal, cagemates are the best enrichment for any reptile or amphibian.

True

False

Herps are antisocial: They see other herps as predators, competitors or
mates (at the right time of year) Stress occurs from the presence of cagemates, even if it’s not
obvious.

Explanation

Herps are antisocial: They see other herps as predators, competitors or
mates (at the right time of year) Stress occurs from the presence of cagemates, even if it’s not
obvious.

55. ______ thermometers are the best.

Natural

Digital

Digital thermometers are the best because they provide more accurate and precise readings compared to natural thermometers. Natural thermometers, such as mercury or alcohol thermometers, are often affected by external factors like temperature fluctuations, air pressure, and human error. On the other hand, digital thermometers use electronic sensors to measure temperature, ensuring more reliable and consistent results. Additionally, digital thermometers are easier to read and often come with features like memory storage and fever alarms, making them more convenient and user-friendly.

Explanation

Digital thermometers are the best because they provide more accurate and precise readings compared to natural thermometers. Natural thermometers, such as mercury or alcohol thermometers, are often affected by external factors like temperature fluctuations, air pressure, and human error. On the other hand, digital thermometers use electronic sensors to measure temperature, ensuring more reliable and consistent results. Additionally, digital thermometers are easier to read and often come with features like memory storage and fever alarms, making them more convenient and user-friendly.

56. If you don't have enough money to have a dog or a cat, herptiles may be a good option as a pet.

True

False

Having enough money is not the determining factor for whether herptiles are a good option as pets. The statement suggests that if someone cannot afford to have a dog or a cat, herptiles may be a good alternative. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Explanation

Having enough money is not the determining factor for whether herptiles are a good option as pets. The statement suggests that if someone cannot afford to have a dog or a cat, herptiles may be a good alternative. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

57. Selena has just bought a new lizard, and her brother, Mathiew, has bought an elegant snake. Mathiew tells you, an animal health expert, that his friend has a worm-lizard. You then tell them that these 3 types of reptiles belong to the same order. In which of these do they belong to?

Order Squamata

Order Sphenodontia

Order Testudines

Order Sphnephonetia

Selena's new lizard, Mathiew's elegant snake, and Mathiew's friend's worm-lizard all belong to the same order, which is Order Squamata.

Explanation

Selena's new lizard, Mathiew's elegant snake, and Mathiew's friend's worm-lizard all belong to the same order, which is Order Squamata.

58. Why are reptiles highly dependent on their environment?

Because they are complex animals, not "simple."

Partly due to their ectothermic nature.

We tend to oversimplify the captive environment.

Because wedo not pay attention to their wildlife environment.

These are also reason they have common health problems.

Explanation

These are also reason they have common health problems.

59. What are two factors to consider for lighting?

The correct answer is "Quality and quantity, Quantity and quality". When considering lighting, both quality and quantity are important factors to consider. Quality refers to the color, intensity, and distribution of light, while quantity refers to the amount of light needed for a particular space or task. Both factors need to be balanced to ensure that the lighting is appropriate and meets the needs of the space or activity.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Quality and quantity, Quantity and quality". When considering lighting, both quality and quantity are important factors to consider. Quality refers to the color, intensity, and distribution of light, while quantity refers to the amount of light needed for a particular space or task. Both factors need to be balanced to ensure that the lighting is appropriate and meets the needs of the space or activity.

Submit

60. In which order can you find tailless amphibian?

Order Caudata

Order Anura

Order Gymnophiona

Order Caudata and Gymnophiona

Anura is the correct answer because it is the order that includes tailless amphibians. Anura is the order of frogs and toads, which are characterized by their lack of a tail during their adult stage. The other options, Order Caudata and Order Gymnophiona, include amphibians with tails. Therefore, the correct order to find tailless amphibians is Order Anura.

Explanation

Anura is the correct answer because it is the order that includes tailless amphibians. Anura is the order of frogs and toads, which are characterized by their lack of a tail during their adult stage. The other options, Order Caudata and Order Gymnophiona, include amphibians with tails. Therefore, the correct order to find tailless amphibians is Order Anura.

61. How many species do you find in the order Caudata? About _____ species.

Caudata is an order of amphibians that includes newts and salamanders. The correct answer is 500, indicating that there are approximately 500 different species within this order.

Explanation

Caudata is an order of amphibians that includes newts and salamanders. The correct answer is 500, indicating that there are approximately 500 different species within this order.

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62. There are some clinically significant differences between the suborders of squamate reptiles, can you name the three artificial groups that give the suborders of the order Squamata? (In alphabetical order)

The three artificial groups that give the suborders of the order Squamata are Suborder Amphisbaenia, Suborder Lacertilia, and Suborder Serpentes. These suborders represent different groups of squamate reptiles, with Amphisbaenia referring to worm lizards, Lacertilia referring to lizards, and Serpentes referring to snakes.

Explanation

The three artificial groups that give the suborders of the order Squamata are Suborder Amphisbaenia, Suborder Lacertilia, and Suborder Serpentes. These suborders represent different groups of squamate reptiles, with Amphisbaenia referring to worm lizards, Lacertilia referring to lizards, and Serpentes referring to snakes.

Submit

63. What can be added to fulfill the behavioural vs. physiological thermoregulation in a herp when designing an appropriate habitat or to understand behaviour?

A thermal gradient

A light

A warm egg for a snake and a heating pad for the other classes of herps.

A 12:12 photoperiod

A thermal gradient can be added to fulfill the behavioural vs. physiological thermoregulation in a herp when designing an appropriate habitat or to understand behavior. This is because herps are ectothermic animals that rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature. By providing a thermal gradient, which means creating a range of temperatures within the habitat, the herp can move to different areas to regulate its body temperature based on its behavioral preferences. This allows the herp to effectively thermoregulate and maintain its physiological functions.

Explanation

A thermal gradient can be added to fulfill the behavioural vs. physiological thermoregulation in a herp when designing an appropriate habitat or to understand behavior. This is because herps are ectothermic animals that rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature. By providing a thermal gradient, which means creating a range of temperatures within the habitat, the herp can move to different areas to regulate its body temperature based on its behavioral preferences. This allows the herp to effectively thermoregulate and maintain its physiological functions.

64. When talking about heating devices, you should firstly consider the _________and ________ of your devices.

Heating and expiration

Heating and safety

Safety and suitability

Suitability and pricing

When considering heating devices, it is important to prioritize safety and suitability. Safety ensures that the devices are designed and built to minimize any potential risks or hazards, such as overheating or electrical malfunctions. Suitability refers to whether the heating devices are appropriate for the intended use and environment, taking into account factors such as size, power output, and energy efficiency. By considering safety and suitability, you can ensure that the heating devices you choose are both effective and safe to use.

Explanation

When considering heating devices, it is important to prioritize safety and suitability. Safety ensures that the devices are designed and built to minimize any potential risks or hazards, such as overheating or electrical malfunctions. Suitability refers to whether the heating devices are appropriate for the intended use and environment, taking into account factors such as size, power output, and energy efficiency. By considering safety and suitability, you can ensure that the heating devices you choose are both effective and safe to use.

65. Forrest floor mix (substrate) can contain.... substrate can contain peat moss, wood chips, sand, sphagnum moss, decomposing leaves

Peat moss only

Decompsing leaves, wood chips and peat moss

Decomposing leaves, sphagnum and peat moss

Peat moss, wood chips, sand, sphagnum moss, decomposing leaves

The correct answer includes a variety of components that can be found in a forest floor mix substrate. These components include peat moss, wood chips, sand, sphagnum moss, and decomposing leaves.

Explanation

The correct answer includes a variety of components that can be found in a forest floor mix substrate. These components include peat moss, wood chips, sand, sphagnum moss, and decomposing leaves.

66. Why are Red-eared Sliders, Trachemys scripta elegans, a bad choice for a beginner?

Large, long lifespan, large cage enclosure needed, carnivores.

Large, long life span, messy animals, carnivores.

Omnivores that switch to herbivores, large, long life span, need big cage enclosure and messy animals.

Messy animals, short life span, omnivores, large cage needed and they are large.

Red-eared sliders, Trachemys scripta elegans, are a bad choice for beginners because they are omnivores that switch to herbivores, meaning their dietary needs can be complex and require careful attention. Additionally, they have a large size and long lifespan, which means they require a big cage enclosure and a long-term commitment. Furthermore, they are messy animals, which can make their care and maintenance more challenging for beginners.

Explanation

Red-eared sliders, Trachemys scripta elegans, are a bad choice for beginners because they are omnivores that switch to herbivores, meaning their dietary needs can be complex and require careful attention. Additionally, they have a large size and long lifespan, which means they require a big cage enclosure and a long-term commitment. Furthermore, they are messy animals, which can make their care and maintenance more challenging for beginners.

67. Monitor Lizards, family Varanidae, are actually good pets for beginners.

True

False

 Most grow large
 Can be very aggressive
 Dangerous: Teeth and claws
 Fast metabolism: Need lots of food
 Need very large enclosure
 Very intelligent!

Explanation

 Most grow large
 Can be very aggressive
 Dangerous: Teeth and claws
 Fast metabolism: Need lots of food
 Need very large enclosure
 Very intelligent!

68. About how many species do you find in the order Anura?

Over 5000 species

Over 500 species

Over 3000 species

Over 355 species

Anura is the order of amphibians that includes frogs and toads. The correct answer states that there are over 5000 species in the order Anura. This means that there are more than 5000 different species of frogs and toads. This large number of species highlights the diversity and abundance of this group of amphibians.

Explanation

Anura is the order of amphibians that includes frogs and toads. The correct answer states that there are over 5000 species in the order Anura. This means that there are more than 5000 different species of frogs and toads. This large number of species highlights the diversity and abundance of this group of amphibians.

69. In the order Crocodilia, you get crocodilians with few or no unique morphological and physiological features, they are just "big lizards," and have 23 species.

True

False

Many unique morphological and physiological features, they are not just “big lizards.” 23 species.

Explanation

Many unique morphological and physiological features, they are not just “big lizards.” 23 species.

70. The Ball Python, Python regius and the Corn Snake, Pantherophis guttatus (previously called Elaphe guttata) are bad choices for beginners, because they are dangerous.

True

False

They are actually great choices for beginners.

Explanation

They are actually great choices for beginners.

71. Which of these is characterized by a stout body, short arms and long, powerful hind legs?

Order Anura

Order Caudata

Order Urodela

Order Apoda

Order Anura is characterized by a stout body, short arms, and long, powerful hind legs. Anura refers to the order of amphibians that includes frogs and toads. These animals have adapted to a life primarily in water, with their hind legs being specialized for jumping and swimming. The stout body and short arms are also adaptations for their semi-aquatic lifestyle. Therefore, the characteristics described in the question align with the features of animals in the order Anura.

Explanation

Order Anura is characterized by a stout body, short arms, and long, powerful hind legs. Anura refers to the order of amphibians that includes frogs and toads. These animals have adapted to a life primarily in water, with their hind legs being specialized for jumping and swimming. The stout body and short arms are also adaptations for their semi-aquatic lifestyle. Therefore, the characteristics described in the question align with the features of animals in the order Anura.

72. Class Amphibia, order Anura is also called....

Salientia

Urodela

Apoda

Reptilia

The correct answer is Salientia. Class Amphibia, order Anura is commonly referred to as Salientia. This order includes frogs and toads, which are characterized by their long hind legs and ability to jump.

Explanation

The correct answer is Salientia. Class Amphibia, order Anura is commonly referred to as Salientia. This order includes frogs and toads, which are characterized by their long hind legs and ability to jump.

73. African Clawed Frogs, Xenopus laevis, are often mistaken for _______ clawed _____. ( Write full name)

African Clawed Frogs, Xenopus laevis, are often mistaken for Dwarf Clawed Frogs.

Explanation

African Clawed Frogs, Xenopus laevis, are often mistaken for Dwarf Clawed Frogs.

Submit

74. What is a caecilian?

An animal in order Gymnophiona

A reptile

An animal in order Caudata

A reptile or amphibian which has had an artificial pregnancy. (Ceasarian)

A caecilian is an animal in the order Gymnophiona. This order consists of limbless amphibians that resemble earthworms or snakes. Caecilians are found in tropical regions and are known for their burrowing habits. They have a unique reproductive behavior, with some species exhibiting internal fertilization and giving birth to live young. Caecilians are not reptiles or amphibians that have had an artificial pregnancy.

Explanation

A caecilian is an animal in the order Gymnophiona. This order consists of limbless amphibians that resemble earthworms or snakes. Caecilians are found in tropical regions and are known for their burrowing habits. They have a unique reproductive behavior, with some species exhibiting internal fertilization and giving birth to live young. Caecilians are not reptiles or amphibians that have had an artificial pregnancy.

75. Herpetoculturists are people that .....

..keep and breed herps in captivity.

.. study reptiles and amphibians.

.. study the cultures of bacteria that affect reptiles and amphibians.

.. help and care for the reptile and amphibian community in the wild.

Herpetoculturists are individuals who keep and breed herps (reptiles and amphibians) in captivity. This means that they are responsible for taking care of these animals and ensuring their reproduction in a controlled environment. They play a crucial role in preserving and maintaining the captive population of herps, which can help to conserve these species and protect them from threats in the wild.

Explanation

Herpetoculturists are individuals who keep and breed herps (reptiles and amphibians) in captivity. This means that they are responsible for taking care of these animals and ensuring their reproduction in a controlled environment. They play a crucial role in preserving and maintaining the captive population of herps, which can help to conserve these species and protect them from threats in the wild.

76. In the order Gymnophiona, the amphibians are formerly called Apoda, but in every day words, what type of animal do we find?

In the order Gymnophiona, the amphibians are commonly referred to as snakes.

Explanation

In the order Gymnophiona, the amphibians are commonly referred to as snakes.

Submit

77. African Dwarf Frog, Hymenochirus boettgeri is a bad pet for someone just starting out because he is very large.

True

False

False! He is a good option for beginners.

Explanation

False! He is a good option for beginners.

78. Celia has a beautiful glass aquarium of which she has created a world for her bearded dragon. He has rocks, plants, a waterfall, a perfect temperature gradient, and a wonderful rock background of Buddha with little decoration stuck onto it. While feeding her bearded dragon she notices that the crickets like going on the Buddha sculpture. " Great!" She says, "more enrichment for Bobby!" Unfortunately, one day later, she sees her bearded dragon in a corner and not moving. After quickly bringing him to her vet and getting him checked, the vet tells her she should change cage accessories. What danger has her Buddha rock background caused? ( An _______ _______)

The cricket swallowed one of the rocks, which the Bearded Dragon then swallowed when he ate the cricket.

Explanation

The cricket swallowed one of the rocks, which the Bearded Dragon then swallowed when he ate the cricket.

Submit

79. Order Caudata is also called....

Salientia

Apoda

Snarpola

Urodela

Order Caudata is also called Urodela.

Explanation

Order Caudata is also called Urodela.

80. How many orders are there in the class Reptilia?

3

4

5

6

There are four orders in the class Reptilia.

Explanation

There are four orders in the class Reptilia.

81. Kathy is extremely concerned about the well being of her snake. She has carefully chosen all proper lighting, heating, and accessories to create the perfect environment. She also is careful about choosing the material of which it is made of for easier cleaning. Going to the pet store, she finds a rubber rock said to be "comfortable". Interested, she buys the rock and gives it to her snake. She also sticks the rock to the aquarium to preven ingestion of the rock. She notices that her snake loves the rock and twirls around it for warmth. Unfortunately, her snake gets sick 2 weeks later. When bringing it to the vet, he tells Kathy that he was affected by some type of microbe and then gives her a speech about husbandry. Kathy gets extremely mad, because she knows she always keeps her cage clean. after talking to her vet, they both find out the rock is the core of the problem. What safety danger does this ruber rock have? It promotes the: _____ of ______ >> Write down as is with your answer what precedes the " :" .

The rubber rock is promoting the growth of microbes. This is the safety danger associated with the rock that caused Kathy's snake to get sick. Despite Kathy's efforts to maintain a clean environment for her snake, the rubber rock provided an ideal breeding ground for microbes, leading to the snake's illness.

Explanation

The rubber rock is promoting the growth of microbes. This is the safety danger associated with the rock that caused Kathy's snake to get sick. Despite Kathy's efforts to maintain a clean environment for her snake, the rubber rock provided an ideal breeding ground for microbes, leading to the snake's illness.

Submit

82. Ambient humidity is the gross humidity of the enclosure; generally: <60% for arid species 60-70% for temperate forest species 70-100% for tropical forest species

True

False

Ambient humidity is the gross humidity of the enclosure; generally:

60-80% for temperate forest species

80-100% for tropical forest species

Explanation

Ambient humidity is the gross humidity of the enclosure; generally:

60-80% for temperate forest species

80-100% for tropical forest species

83. Diurnal herps require _______ _____________ lighting that includes ultraviolet-B radiation. (seperate by a space)

Diurnal herps, or reptiles and amphibians that are active during the day, require broad spectrum lighting that includes ultraviolet-B radiation. This type of lighting is necessary for these animals to properly synthesize vitamin D3, which is crucial for their overall health and well-being. Without access to broad spectrum lighting, diurnal herps may suffer from various health issues, including metabolic bone disease.

Explanation

Diurnal herps, or reptiles and amphibians that are active during the day, require broad spectrum lighting that includes ultraviolet-B radiation. This type of lighting is necessary for these animals to properly synthesize vitamin D3, which is crucial for their overall health and well-being. Without access to broad spectrum lighting, diurnal herps may suffer from various health issues, including metabolic bone disease.

Submit

84. Name a bad subtrate.

The given options consist of various materials that are commonly used as substrates in different applications. However, all of the options listed can be considered bad substrates for certain purposes. Crushed corn cob and crushed walnut shell may not provide a stable surface for certain organisms or plants to grow on. Calcium carbonate sand may alter the pH levels of the environment, making it unsuitable for certain species. Wood chips and aromatic wood may release chemicals or oils that could be harmful to certain organisms. Therefore, all of these options can be considered bad substrates depending on the specific requirements of the application.

Explanation

The given options consist of various materials that are commonly used as substrates in different applications. However, all of the options listed can be considered bad substrates for certain purposes. Crushed corn cob and crushed walnut shell may not provide a stable surface for certain organisms or plants to grow on. Calcium carbonate sand may alter the pH levels of the environment, making it unsuitable for certain species. Wood chips and aromatic wood may release chemicals or oils that could be harmful to certain organisms. Therefore, all of these options can be considered bad substrates depending on the specific requirements of the application.

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85. Trying to mimic the natural habitat is called....

Environmental “ambience”

Environmental enrichment

Environmental followings

Environmental nature

The term "environmental ambience" refers to the attempt to recreate or imitate the natural habitat or surroundings of an organism. This can be done in order to provide a more suitable and enriched environment for the organism, whether it be in captivity or in a controlled setting. Environmental ambience aims to mimic the natural conditions and elements that the organism would encounter in its natural habitat, in order to promote its well-being and overall health.

Explanation

The term "environmental ambience" refers to the attempt to recreate or imitate the natural habitat or surroundings of an organism. This can be done in order to provide a more suitable and enriched environment for the organism, whether it be in captivity or in a controlled setting. Environmental ambience aims to mimic the natural conditions and elements that the organism would encounter in its natural habitat, in order to promote its well-being and overall health.

86. In the class Amphibia, we find a very secretive group, not well-studied, but we know that they have some unique physical and behavioural adaptations. We know little about them, because there are less species than in the other groups. What estimation can you give about the number of species that exist in this group?

230 species

300 species

163 species

136 species

The given answer of 163 species is based on the information provided in the question. It states that the group of Amphibia is secretive and not well-studied, but it is known that they have unique physical and behavioral adaptations. It also mentions that there are fewer species in this group compared to other groups. Therefore, based on the limited knowledge available, an estimation of 163 species existing in this group is made.

Explanation

The given answer of 163 species is based on the information provided in the question. It states that the group of Amphibia is secretive and not well-studied, but it is known that they have unique physical and behavioral adaptations. It also mentions that there are fewer species in this group compared to other groups. Therefore, based on the limited knowledge available, an estimation of 163 species existing in this group is made.

87. Scotophase is number of "_______" hours in a __ hour period.

Daytime, 12

Day time, 24

Nightime, 12

Nightime, 24

Scotophase refers to the period of darkness or night time. The question is asking for the number of hours of darkness in a given time period. The correct answer is "nightime, 24" because it indicates that there are 24 hours of darkness in a 24-hour period.

Explanation

Scotophase refers to the period of darkness or night time. The question is asking for the number of hours of darkness in a given time period. The correct answer is "nightime, 24" because it indicates that there are 24 hours of darkness in a 24-hour period.

88. What are heating devices for heliotherms ?

Incandescent bulbs

Halogen bulbs

Ceramic heat emitters

Undertank heating pads

Heat tape

Radiant heat panels

Heating devices for heliotherms include incandescent bulbs, halogen bulbs, ceramic heat emitters, and radiant heat panels. These devices provide heat for heliotherms, which are animals that rely on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature. Incandescent bulbs and halogen bulbs emit heat through the process of incandescence, while ceramic heat emitters produce heat through a ceramic element. Radiant heat panels emit infrared radiation to warm the environment. These devices are commonly used in reptile enclosures to create a suitable thermal gradient for heliotherms.

Explanation

Heating devices for heliotherms include incandescent bulbs, halogen bulbs, ceramic heat emitters, and radiant heat panels. These devices provide heat for heliotherms, which are animals that rely on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature. Incandescent bulbs and halogen bulbs emit heat through the process of incandescence, while ceramic heat emitters produce heat through a ceramic element. Radiant heat panels emit infrared radiation to warm the environment. These devices are commonly used in reptile enclosures to create a suitable thermal gradient for heliotherms.

Submit

89. What does the captive environment need?

Must fulfill all physiological and psychological needs of the animal.

Must be exactly like its wildlife counterpart.

Must be based on the species’ natural habitat

Natural dangers from the species’ habitat should be omitted

For enrichment, natural dangers should be added, but with supervision.

Ease of maintenance (accessibility to the animal, ease of sanitation) must be considered inenclosure design

The captive environment needs to fulfill all physiological and psychological needs of the animal in order to ensure its well-being and overall health. It should also be based on the species' natural habitat, providing a suitable and familiar living environment. However, natural dangers from the species' habitat should be omitted to prevent harm or stress to the animal. Additionally, ease of maintenance, including accessibility to the animal and ease of sanitation, must be considered in the design of the enclosure to ensure proper care and cleanliness.

Explanation

The captive environment needs to fulfill all physiological and psychological needs of the animal in order to ensure its well-being and overall health. It should also be based on the species' natural habitat, providing a suitable and familiar living environment. However, natural dangers from the species' habitat should be omitted to prevent harm or stress to the animal. Additionally, ease of maintenance, including accessibility to the animal and ease of sanitation, must be considered in the design of the enclosure to ensure proper care and cleanliness.

Submit

90. There are some safety precautions to take when buying your substrate. Why is abrasiveness one of them?

It's not, all animals live on abrasive substrates in the wild.

Made up of large pieces (ex: paper towels, newspaper, carpeting, tile,etc.)

Because all herps have sensitive skin

Because we want to make sure it is comfortable.

The correct answer is "Made up of large pieces (ex: paper towels, newspaper, carpeting, tile, etc.)". This is because substrates made up of large pieces are less likely to cause abrasiveness or irritation to the animal's skin.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Made up of large pieces (ex: paper towels, newspaper, carpeting, tile, etc.)". This is because substrates made up of large pieces are less likely to cause abrasiveness or irritation to the animal's skin.

91. Check off what belongs to the order Testudines.

Reptiles with an anapsid skull

Amphibians with tails

Have a rhamphotheca

Have the presence of scales and hemipenes

Have a protective shell (bony or cartilaginous)

Only have a bony protective shell

Only have a cartilaginous protective shell

Have no shell

Their shell is derived from rib tissue

About 300 species

About 436 species

Testudines, commonly known as turtles or tortoises, are a group of reptiles that belong to the order Testudines. They have an anapsid skull, which means they lack temporal openings in their skull. They also have a rhamphotheca, which is a horny beak-like structure in their mouth. Testudines have a protective shell, which can be either bony or cartilaginous, and this shell is derived from rib tissue. There are about 300 species of Testudines, making them a diverse group of reptiles.

Explanation

Testudines, commonly known as turtles or tortoises, are a group of reptiles that belong to the order Testudines. They have an anapsid skull, which means they lack temporal openings in their skull. They also have a rhamphotheca, which is a horny beak-like structure in their mouth. Testudines have a protective shell, which can be either bony or cartilaginous, and this shell is derived from rib tissue. There are about 300 species of Testudines, making them a diverse group of reptiles.

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92. What are heating devices for Thigmotherms ?

Ceramic heaters

Any over head (heliothermic)

Undertank heating pads

Fan

Heat tape

Heat cable

Hot rocks, caves, branches

Thigmotherms are organisms that rely on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature. Heating devices such as any overhead (heliothermic) source, undertank heating pads, and heat tape can provide the necessary heat for thigmotherms. These devices help maintain a suitable temperature for the organisms, allowing them to thrive and function properly.

Explanation

Thigmotherms are organisms that rely on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature. Heating devices such as any overhead (heliothermic) source, undertank heating pads, and heat tape can provide the necessary heat for thigmotherms. These devices help maintain a suitable temperature for the organisms, allowing them to thrive and function properly.

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93. Check off the various characteristics that REPTILES have as compared to amphibians.

Ectothermic amniote tetrapods

Ectothermic non-amniote tetrapods

Permeable skin

Glandular skin

Dry skin

Skin works as a respiratory and osmoregulatory organ

Non-permeable skin

Non-glandular skin

Most have scales

Have a three-chambered heart (except crocodilians)

Two-chambered heart

Have larval and adult life stages

Many are uricotelic

Undergo metamorphosis

Reptile: Ectothermic amniote tetrapods. Dry, non-permeable skin, and non-glandular skin (most
have scales). Three-chambered heart (except crocodilians). Many are uricotelic.
Amphibian: Ectothermic non-amniote tetrapods. Permeable, glandular skin that works as a
respiratory and osmoregulatory organ. Two-chambered heart. Have larval and adult life stages
(“amphi” + “bios” = “double life”), undergo metamorphosis (they are the only vertebrate group
to experience metamorphosis).

Explanation

Reptile: Ectothermic amniote tetrapods. Dry, non-permeable skin, and non-glandular skin (most
have scales). Three-chambered heart (except crocodilians). Many are uricotelic.
Amphibian: Ectothermic non-amniote tetrapods. Permeable, glandular skin that works as a
respiratory and osmoregulatory organ. Two-chambered heart. Have larval and adult life stages
(“amphi” + “bios” = “double life”), undergo metamorphosis (they are the only vertebrate group
to experience metamorphosis).

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94. Bioactive substrates can be very effective if well-designed and maintained, but need to be deep enough and layered to allow for appropriate moisture gradient, and routinely aerated to avoid ________ growth.

Bioactive substrates can be very effective if well-designed and maintained, but need to be deep enough and layered to allow for appropriate moisture gradient, and routinely aerated to avoid anaerobic growth. Anaerobic growth refers to the growth of microorganisms that do not require oxygen to survive. In bioactive substrates, anaerobic growth can lead to the production of harmful byproducts and the breakdown of the substrate in an undesirable manner. Therefore, it is important to aerate the substrate regularly to promote the growth of aerobic microorganisms and prevent anaerobic conditions.

Explanation

Bioactive substrates can be very effective if well-designed and maintained, but need to be deep enough and layered to allow for appropriate moisture gradient, and routinely aerated to avoid anaerobic growth. Anaerobic growth refers to the growth of microorganisms that do not require oxygen to survive. In bioactive substrates, anaerobic growth can lead to the production of harmful byproducts and the breakdown of the substrate in an undesirable manner. Therefore, it is important to aerate the substrate regularly to promote the growth of aerobic microorganisms and prevent anaerobic conditions.

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95. Give the formal name (not order name) of the only survivors of an ancient clade of reptiles that appear lizard-like but have unique skull, brain, lung and spine anatomy.

Only 2 or 3 extant species (somewhat debated).

Explanation

Only 2 or 3 extant species (somewhat debated).

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96. Suborder Amphisbaenia has about 129 species, what kind of reptiles do you find in this suborder?

The correct answer is "Worm-lizards." In the suborder Amphisbaenia, you can find approximately 129 species of reptiles known as worm-lizards. These reptiles have a long, cylindrical body and resemble worms, hence the name. They are characterized by their limblessness and the ability to move in a snake-like motion. Worm-lizards are typically found in tropical and subtropical regions, and they primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Worm-lizards." In the suborder Amphisbaenia, you can find approximately 129 species of reptiles known as worm-lizards. These reptiles have a long, cylindrical body and resemble worms, hence the name. They are characterized by their limblessness and the ability to move in a snake-like motion. Worm-lizards are typically found in tropical and subtropical regions, and they primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

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97. Fill in the blanks and seperate your answers with a comma and then a space. Albinism is essentially amelanism, a complete ___ of melanin, the dark pigment that causes brown or black __________. Because melanin is almost always the only pigment found in _______ (rare cases where a species has more pigmentation than just varying degrees of _______), this leads to misuse of the term, that any animal missing all pigment is an albino. Or, any animal with lighter colouration is an albino.

Albinism is essentially amelanism, a complete lack of melanin, the dark pigment that causes brown or black colouration. Because melanin is almost always the only pigment found in mammals (rare cases where a species has more pigmentation than just varying degrees of melanin), this leads to misuse of the term, that any animal missing all pigment is an albino. Or, any animal with lighter colouration is an albino.

Explanation

Albinism is essentially amelanism, a complete lack of melanin, the dark pigment that causes brown or black colouration. Because melanin is almost always the only pigment found in mammals (rare cases where a species has more pigmentation than just varying degrees of melanin), this leads to misuse of the term, that any animal missing all pigment is an albino. Or, any animal with lighter colouration is an albino.

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98. Thermophysiology: Herps are (mostly)___________ ectotherms, not _____- _______!

Thermophysiology: Herps are (mostly) heterothermic ectotherms, not cold- blooded!

Explanation

Thermophysiology: Herps are (mostly) heterothermic ectotherms, not cold- blooded!

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99. Ectotherms rely on the environment for thermal ____________, their body temperature varies (heterothermy or poikilothermy). The appropriate body temperature is _________ for many _________ processes

Ectotherms rely on the environment for thermal homeostasis, their body temperature varies
(heterothermy or poikilothermy). The appropriate body temperature is required for many
physiological processes

Explanation

Ectotherms rely on the environment for thermal homeostasis, their body temperature varies
(heterothermy or poikilothermy). The appropriate body temperature is required for many
physiological processes

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