Atoms, The Nucleus And The Mole

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| By John Thompson
John Thompson, High school chemistry teaching
John, a dedicated educator, serves as the Chemistry teacher and Science Department Chair at New Castle High School in New Castle, IN. His commitment to science education and leadership in the department underscores his role in shaping the next generation of learners.
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  • 1/9 Questions

    How are ions formed?

    • By gaining or losing electrons
    • By gaining or losing protons
    • By beta decay
    • By positron emission
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About This Quiz


Chemistry students, assemble! Today we’ll be having a look at a number of different topics under the overall study of nuclear chemistry, including atoms, the nucleus and the mole. Do you have a firm enough grip on each of these topics? Take this quiz and find out!

Atoms, The Nucleus And The Mole - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    What experiment resulted to the discovery of the nucleus?

    • Gold foil (or alpha scattering) experiment

    • Cathode ray tubes

    • Oil drop experiment

    • Mass spectroscopy

    Correct Answer
    A. Gold foil (or alpha scattering) experiment
    Explanation
    The gold foil (or alpha scattering) experiment conducted by Ernest Rutherford resulted in the discovery of the nucleus. In this experiment, Rutherford bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles and observed their scattering patterns. He expected the alpha particles to pass straight through the foil or be slightly deflected, as per the prevailing model of the atom at the time. However, he observed that some alpha particles were deflected at large angles, and a few even bounced back. This led to the conclusion that the atom has a tiny, dense, and positively charged nucleus at its center, surrounded by mostly empty space.

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  • 3. 

    Which of the following pairs of compounds could be used to explain the law of multiple proportions?

    • H2O and H2O2

    • CH4 and CO2

    • NaCl and KCl

    • SO3 and H2S

    Correct Answer
    A. H2O and H2O2
    Explanation
    The law of multiple proportions states that when two elements combine to form different compounds, the ratio of the masses of one element that combines with a fixed mass of the other element can be expressed in small whole numbers. In the case of H2O and H2O2, both compounds involve the combination of hydrogen and oxygen, but in different ratios. H2O has a 2:16 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen, while H2O2 has a 2:32 ratio. These ratios can be simplified to 1:8 and 1:16 respectively, showing that the masses of oxygen that combine with a fixed mass of hydrogen are in small whole number ratios.

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  • 4. 

    If you have 5g each of Li, Na, K, and Rb, for which element will you have the largest number of moles?

    • Lithium

    • Sodium

    • Potassium

    • Rubidium

    Correct Answer
    A. Lithium
    Explanation
    Lithium will have the largest number of moles because it has the smallest molar mass among the given elements. Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, and since the mass of lithium is the smallest, it will have the largest number of moles when compared to the other elements with larger molar masses.

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  • 5. 

    How many electrons are in a magnesium-24 with a charge of 2+?

    • 10

    • 12

    • 14

    • 22

    Correct Answer
    A. 10
    Explanation
    Magnesium-24 is an isotope of magnesium with a mass number of 24. The charge of 2+ indicates that the atom has lost two electrons. Since magnesium has an atomic number of 12, it normally has 12 electrons. However, with a charge of 2+, it means that two electrons have been removed, leaving behind 10 electrons. Therefore, the correct answer is 10.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following has an odd number of both protons and neutrons?

    • Helium-4

    • Lithium-7

    • Boron-10

    • Carbon-13

    Correct Answer
    A. Boron-10
    Explanation
    Boron-10 has an odd number of both protons and neutrons. It has 5 protons and 5 neutrons, making a total of 10 nucleons. The other options have an even number of either protons or neutrons. Helium-4 has 2 protons and 2 neutrons, lithium-7 has 3 protons and 4 neutrons, and carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons. Therefore, boron-10 is the only option that fits the criteria of having an odd number of both protons and neutrons.

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  • 7. 

    Who discovered the charge to mass ratio for electrons?

    • J.J. Thomson

    • Ernest Rutherford

    • John Dalton

    • Robert Millikan

    Correct Answer
    A. J.J. Thomson
    Explanation
    J.J. Thomson is credited with discovering the charge to mass ratio for electrons. He conducted experiments using cathode ray tubes and observed the deflection of the rays in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. Through his experiments, Thomson determined that the ratio of the charge of an electron to its mass is constant, regardless of the type of gas used in the cathode ray tube. This discovery laid the foundation for our understanding of the fundamental properties of electrons and their role in atomic structure.

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  • 8. 

    In positron emission, what is the resulting change in the nucleus?

    • Atomic number increases by 1.

    • Atomic number decreases by 1.

    • Atomic number decreases by 2.

    • Atomic number stays the same.

    Correct Answer
    A. Atomic number decreases by 1.
    Explanation
    In positron emission, a proton in the nucleus is converted into a neutron, resulting in a decrease in the atomic number by 1. This occurs because a positron, which is a positively charged particle, is emitted from the nucleus. The positron carries away one positive charge, causing the atomic number to decrease.

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  • 9. 

    If you have three times the mass of carbon as you have helium, which of the following is true?

    • You have nearly equal numbers of carbon atoms as helium atoms.

    • You have more atoms of carbon.

    • You have more atoms of helium.

    • You cannot know a relationship between carbon atoms and helium atoms.

    Correct Answer
    A. You have nearly equal numbers of carbon atoms as helium atoms.
    Explanation
    If you have three times the mass of carbon as you have helium, it means that the mass of carbon is three times greater than the mass of helium. Since the atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 g/mol and the atomic mass of helium is 4.00 g/mol, this implies that the number of carbon atoms is approximately equal to the number of helium atoms. This is because the mass of an element is directly proportional to the number of atoms present. Therefore, the correct answer is that you have nearly equal numbers of carbon atoms as helium atoms.

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  • Current Version
  • Oct 19, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Sep 04, 2009
    Quiz Created by
    John Thompson
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