Astronomy Final Test 2 explores key concepts in planetary science, including rotation, solar system formation, and seasonal changes on Jovian planets. This quiz assesses understanding of theoretical and observational aspects of astronomy.
Rotation speeds pull the planetary material into a spherical shape
The process of differentiation produces spherical shells of material
Friction from the accretion process
Gravity pulls the material into a spherical shape
None of the above
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Particles in the solar nebula were more spread out at greater distances, so that accretion took longer and there was less time to pull in gas before the solar wind cleared the nebula
The size differences are thought to be a random coincidence
Ices were able to condense at the distance of Jupiter and Saturn, but only rock and metal could condense at the distances of Uranus and Neptune
The colder gas in the outer regions of the solar nebula has less gravity and therefore could not gather up into such large balls
None of the above
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A ninth planet similar in mass and size to Neptune is discovered to out past Pluto
A ninth planet similar in ass and size to Earth is discovered between Jupiter and Saturn
A new moon of Saturn is discovered that does not have a single impact carter on its surface
One of the moons Jupiter is discovered to simply be a a large comet captured by Jupiter's gravity
None of the above
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Conduction
Radiation
Fusion
Convection
None of the above
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Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
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They all generally rotate in the same direction
Their motions appear to be totally random
They revolve around the Sun in alternating directions
They do not move at all
None of the above
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Grows smaller at a percentage-wise basis
Grows larger on a percentage-wise basis
Is constant
Becomes a majority of the planet's interior
None of the above
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It is about 10 times larger in size and the same mass
It is the same size and mass
It is about the same size but 10 times more massive
It is about 10 times larger in size and mass
None of the above
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Jupiter has a very small axis tilt
Saturn has no solid surface
Venus does not have a moon
The diameter of Earth's moon is one quarter the size or Earth
All the above are exceptions
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Impacts from leftover planetesimals
Interior heat
The objects' magnetic fields
Gravitational interactions with the Sun
None of the above
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It is too small to have been bombarded by planetesimals in the early Solar System
Any craters have been eroded by the strong winds on Io's surface
Jupiter's strong gravity attracted the planetesimals more strongly than Io and thus none landed on Io's surface
Io did have craters but they have all been buried in lava flows
Io's thick atmosphere obscures the view of the craters
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The large moons of the jovian planets originally formed in the inner solar system and these moons then migrated out to join up
As the growing jovian planets captured gas from the solar nebula, the gas formed swirling disks around them, and the moons formed from condensation accretion within these disks.
Because of their strong gravity, the jovian planets were able to capture numerous asteroids that happened to be passing nearby, and these became the major moons of the jovian planets
The many moons of the jovian planets remains one of the unexplained mysteries of the formation of our solar system
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An electrically conducting core
Convection in the interior
A completely solid core
Rotation of the core
None of the above (they are all required)
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They are much more massive than the terrestrial planets
They lack solid surfaces
They are lower in average density than the terrestrial planets
They are composed mainly of hydrogen, helium, and hydrogen compounds
None of the above (they are all general characteristics of the Jovian planets)
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Radiometric dating
Measuring the depth of impact craters
Counting the rings in meteorites
Astronomers use the time scale given by the current theory of solar system formation
None of the above
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Convection
Differentiation
Conduction
Tectonics
Erosion
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Ammonia
Methane
Water
Hydrogen
None of the above
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Only a tiny percentage of stars are surrounded by spinning disks of gas during their formation
Other planetary systems will have far more numerous asteroids and comets than actual planets
Other solar systems will also have planets in the two basic categories
Planets always tend to orbit their star in the same direction and approximately the same plane
None of the above (they are all probably true)
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X-rays
Ultraviolet light
Visible light
Infarared light
All of the above
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Clouds for randomly, so on average there are always three layers
The three layers reflect regions of Jupiter's atmosphere with different chemical compositions
Jupiter has three different types of wind, each of which makes a different type of cloud
The three layers represent clouds made of gases that condense at different temperatures
None of the above
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Their orbits are relatively closely spaced
They are relatively smaller than outer planets
They all have deep, substantial atmospheres
They have very few, if any, moons
They all have solid, rocky surfaces
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Venus' stronger magnetic field
A runway greenhouse effect
Extensive liquid water on the surface
Tidal heating
All of the above
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A place where reddish particles from Io impact Jupiter's surfaces
A long-lived hurricane-like storm on Jupiter
A visual effect that comes and goes as the magnetic field on Jupiter varies
A region on Jupiter where the temperature is so high that the gas glows with red visible light
None of the above
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The Sun if formed first and ejected all planetary material
The Sun and planets are formed from a single, common source
The planets and Sun were physically connected together at one point
The planets and Sun all formed extremely close to one another
All of the above
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Volcanoes
Earthquakes
Continental drift
The internal heating of the Earth's core
None of the above
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Radioactive decay
Accretion
Tidal Heating
Bombardment
Differentiation
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Earth
Mercury
Neptune
Uranus
None of the above
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The jovian moons are considerably larger than the Moon and Mercury and therefore have retained much more internal heat
The jovian mons probably have far more internal heat generated by radioactive decay than do the Moon or Mercury
Because of their greater distances from the Sun, the jovian moons receive much less heat from the Sun
Jovian moons are made mostly of ice that can melt of deform at lower temperature than can the rock and metal that make up the Moon and Mercury
None of the above
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The atmosphere blocks high energy photons like X-rays from reaching the surface
Heat from the interior of Earth is released through earthquakes and volcanoes and cannot escape
Visible light from the Sun is absorbed by the upper layers of the atmosphere and reemitted to lower layers
Visible light from the Sun is absorbed by the ground, reemitted as infrared and does not escape the atmosphere
None of the above
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The smaller planet will have a cooler interior than the larger planet
The smaller planet will have a stronger magnetic field than the larger planet
The smaller planet will be closer to its star than the larger planet
The smaller planet will have a thicker atmosphere than the larger planet
None of the above
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4.5 million
45,000
4.5 billion
4500
None of the above
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Because the molecules scatter blue light more effectively than red light
Because the sun emits mostly blue light
Because molecules scatter red light more effectively than blue light
Because deep space is blue in color
No one knows-this is one of the great mysteries of science
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Mountains
Volcanoes
Cliffs
Valleys
All of the above
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Ganymede
Titan
Callisto
Europe
Io
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Er from the Sun, so theThey differ due to giant impacts at the late stages of planet formation
Accretion took longer further distant planets formed their cores later and captured less gas from the solar nebula than the close jovian planets
The more distant planets formed in a cooler region of the solar nebula and therefore contain a greater proportion of ices than the close jovian planets
The more distant planet planets had longer to form than the close planet, since the solar nebula laster longer at greater distances from the Sun
All of the above
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