Astronomy 294 Final Review
(7).webp "Astronomy 294 Final Review - Quiz")
The universe is so interesting especially when you gaze toward the heavens, searching to put meaning into it. No one can truly tell how big the universe is because of the various new discoveries. As your second year draws to a close the quiz below is designed to help you prep for the exam. Give it a shot.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The elements needed for life - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen - are...
- A.
Are relatively rare throughout the universe
- B.
Have not been found in extrasolar planets
- C.
Are only found on Earth
- D.
The most abundant (non-inert) elements in the universe
Correct Answer
D. The most abundant (non-inert) elements in the universeExplanation
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are considered the most abundant (non-inert) elements in the universe. This means that they are found in large quantities throughout the universe, not just on Earth. These elements are essential for life as we know it, and their abundance suggests that the conditions for life may exist in other parts of the universe as well.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What was not one of the fundamental properties the Greek (Aristotlean) model of the solar system?
- A.
Objects in the sky move in uniform circular motion
- B.
The natural state of motion on Earth is at rest
- C.
The Earth is at the center of all things
- D.
The Earth and "heavens" are made of the same elements
Correct Answer
D. The Earth and "heavens" are made of the same elementsExplanation
The Greek (Aristotelian) model of the solar system believed that the Earth and the heavens were made of different elements. This was in contrast to the other fundamental properties of the model, which included the idea that objects in the sky move in uniform circular motion, the natural state of motion on Earth is at rest, and the Earth is at the center of all things.Rate this question:
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- 3.
This is a process which could prevent a beneficial species trait from being passed on.
- A.
Evolution
- B.
Heredity
- C.
Natural Selection
- D.
Genetic Drift
Correct Answer
D. Genetic DriftExplanation
Genetic drift refers to the random changes in the frequency of gene variants in a population due to chance events. It can lead to the loss of beneficial traits or the fixation of harmful traits in a population. In this context, genetic drift can prevent a beneficial species trait from being passed on by causing its frequency to decrease over time. This is different from natural selection, which favors traits that increase an organism's fitness, and heredity, which involves the passing of traits from parents to offspring.Rate this question:
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- 4.
All living cells use adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules...
- A.
To catalyze biochemical reactions
- B.
As a building block for nucleic acids
- C.
To store and release energy for biochemical processes
- D.
To carry oxygen into cells
Correct Answer
C. To store and release energy for biochemical processesExplanation
ATP molecules are used by all living cells to store and release energy for biochemical processes. ATP acts as a universal energy currency within cells, providing the necessary energy for various cellular activities such as muscle contraction, active transport of molecules across cell membranes, and synthesis of macromolecules. When ATP is hydrolyzed, it releases energy by breaking the high-energy phosphate bond, which can be used to drive endergonic reactions and power cellular processes. Therefore, ATP plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism and serves as an energy source for the majority of biochemical reactions.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The distance between adjacent peaks of an electromagnetic wave is referred to as its...
- A.
Energy
- B.
Wavelength
- C.
Frequency
- D.
Speed
Correct Answer
B. WavelengthExplanation
The distance between adjacent peaks of an electromagnetic wave is referred to as its wavelength. Wavelength is a fundamental property of waves and is typically measured in meters. It represents the spatial extent of one complete cycle of the wave and determines the color or frequency of the wave. In the context of electromagnetic waves, such as light or radio waves, different wavelengths correspond to different colors or frequencies.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is evidence supporting evolution?
- A.
Great diversity of species
- B.
Bacteria becoming resistant to old antibiotics
- C.
All of the choices are correct
- D.
Some Galapagos finches eating insects, other seeds
Correct Answer
C. All of the choices are correctExplanation
The correct answer is "All of the choices are correct." This is because each of the options mentioned provides evidence supporting evolution. The great diversity of species indicates that different species have evolved over time. Bacteria becoming resistant to old antibiotics demonstrates the process of natural selection and adaptation. The variation in diets among Galapagos finches suggests that they have adapted to different food sources, which is a result of evolution.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is the most important role that lipids play in living organisms on Earth?
- A.
Energy storage and structural support
- B.
Information storage
- C.
Constituents of cell membranes
- D.
Basic functioning of living organisms
Correct Answer
C. Constituents of cell membranesExplanation
Lipids are essential components of cell membranes, which are the outermost layer of cells that regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell. They provide structural support and help maintain the integrity of the cell membrane. Additionally, lipids also play a role in cell signaling and cell recognition. Therefore, lipids are crucial constituents of cell membranes and are vital for the proper functioning of living organisms.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A section of DNA that codes for a particular protein is known as a...
- A.
Chromosome
- B.
Codon
- C.
Gene
- D.
Genome
Correct Answer
C. GeneExplanation
A section of DNA that codes for a particular protein is known as a gene. Genes are the basic units of heredity and contain the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. They are responsible for determining an organism's traits and characteristics. Genes are made up of specific sequences of nucleotides and are located on chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What is not one of Hubble's classes of galaxies?
- A.
Barred Elliptical
- B.
Spiral
- C.
Elliptical
- D.
Barred Spiral
Correct Answer
A. Barred EllipticalExplanation
Hubble's classification of galaxies is based on their shape and structure. The classes include elliptical, spiral, and barred spiral galaxies. Barred elliptical is not one of Hubble's classes, as it is not a recognized category in his classification system.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Photon A has a higher energy than photon B. Which of the following statements is true?
- A.
Photon A travels faster in a vacuum than photon B
- B.
Photon A has a longer wavelength than photon B
- C.
Photon A has a lower frequency than photon B
- D.
Photon A has a higher frequency than photon B
Correct Answer
D. Photon A has a higher frequency than photon BExplanation
The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency. Therefore, if photon A has a higher energy than photon B, it means that photon A also has a higher frequency than photon B.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which form of RNA copies instructions for protein synthesis from DNA?
- A.
MRNA
- B.
RRNA
- C.
ERNA
- D.
TRNA
Correct Answer
A. MRNAExplanation
mRNA, or messenger RNA, copies instructions for protein synthesis from DNA. It carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized. mRNA acts as a template for protein synthesis, carrying the genetic code from the DNA and specifying the sequence of amino acids that will be used to build the protein. This process is known as transcription, and mRNA plays a crucial role in the process of gene expression.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The complete set of genetic information that makes up an organism is known as a...
- A.
Gene
- B.
Chromosome
- C.
Genome
- D.
Codon
Correct Answer
C. GenomeExplanation
The term "genome" refers to the complete set of genetic information within an organism. It includes all of the genes, as well as non-coding DNA sequences. Genes are specific segments of DNA that provide instructions for building proteins, while chromosomes are structures that contain genes. A codon, on the other hand, is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid. Therefore, the most appropriate answer to this question is "genome" as it encompasses the entirety of an organism's genetic material.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Metabolism is a term that describes the...
- A.
Breaking down of complex organic molecules by bacteria
- B.
Chemical processes that occur inside cells
- C.
Rate of cell division of bacteria
- D.
Rate at which molecules travel across cell membranes
Correct Answer
B. Chemical processes that occur inside cellsExplanation
Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that take place within cells. These processes involve the breakdown of complex organic molecules to provide energy for cellular activities and the synthesis of new molecules necessary for growth and maintenance. Metabolism is essential for the proper functioning and survival of cells, as it allows them to obtain energy and nutrients from the environment and eliminate waste products.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The recoil you feel when you fire a gun is an example of which of Newton's Laws?
- A.
Second
- B.
Third
- C.
First
Correct Answer
B. ThirdExplanation
The recoil you feel when you fire a gun is an example of Newton's Third Law of Motion. This law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the gun is fired, it exerts a force on the bullet, propelling it forward. Simultaneously, the bullet exerts an equal and opposite force on the gun, causing it to recoil or move backward. This demonstrates the principle of action and reaction, which is the essence of Newton's Third Law.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Leaving out the Earth, molecules connected with planetary life have been found...
- A.
In interstellar clouds
- B.
All the choices are correct
- C.
On comets and asteroids
- D.
In extrasolar planets
Correct Answer
B. All the choices are correctExplanation
The correct answer is that molecules connected with planetary life have been found in interstellar clouds, on comets and asteroids, and in extrasolar planets. This means that these molecules have been discovered in various locations outside of Earth, indicating the potential for life beyond our planet.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The Ptolemaic model has planets moving in...
- A.
A simple circle about the Sun
- B.
Elliptical orbits about the Sun
- C.
Circles, the centers of which move around the Earth
- D.
A simple circle about the Earth
Correct Answer
C. Circles, the centers of which move around the EarthExplanation
The Ptolemaic model, developed by the ancient astronomer Ptolemy, proposed that planets move in circles, with the Earth at the center of these circles. According to this model, the centers of the circles, known as deferents, move around the Earth. This explanation suggests that the Ptolemaic model was geocentric, meaning it placed the Earth at the center of the universe.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What is a property of water that makes it attractive as a medium for metabolic reactions?
- A.
Its solubility increases at colder temperatures
- B.
All of the choices are correct
- C.
It is a thermal stabilizer
- D.
It is a non-polar molecule
Correct Answer
C. It is a thermal stabilizerExplanation
Water is a thermal stabilizer because of its high specific heat capacity. This means that water can absorb and store a large amount of heat energy without a significant change in temperature. This property is important for metabolic reactions because it helps to regulate and maintain a stable internal temperature within living organisms. Additionally, water's high heat of vaporization allows for efficient cooling through evaporation, further contributing to its role as a thermal stabilizer.Rate this question:
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- 18.
During DNA replication, what happens?
- A.
All of the choices are correct
- B.
The DNA helix unzips into separate strands
- C.
Mutations can occur
- D.
Each strand gets new "partner" bases
Correct Answer
A. All of the choices are correctExplanation
During DNA replication, several processes occur simultaneously. The DNA helix unzips into separate strands, allowing the replication machinery to access each strand. Mutations can occur during replication due to errors in DNA synthesis or damage to the DNA molecule. Each strand then serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand, resulting in the formation of two identical DNA molecules. Therefore, all of the choices listed in the question are correct in describing what happens during DNA replication.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Tycho Brahe...
- A.
Made telescope observations discounting a geocentric solar system
- B.
Mathematically proved that planet orbits were ellipses
- C.
Made extensive measurements of planetary sky positions
- D.
Created a gravity theory to explain solar system motion
Correct Answer
C. Made extensive measurements of planetary sky positionsExplanation
Tycho Brahe made extensive measurements of planetary sky positions. This means that he meticulously observed and recorded the positions of various planets in the sky over a long period of time. These measurements were important as they provided accurate data for future astronomers to study and analyze. Brahe's observations helped to improve our understanding of the movement and behavior of planets in the solar system.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The basic biological structures of life on Earth are called...
- A.
Molecules
- B.
Atoms
- C.
Bacteria
- D.
Cells
Correct Answer
D. CellsExplanation
Cells are the basic biological structures of life on Earth. They are the smallest unit of life and are responsible for carrying out all the necessary functions for an organism to survive. Cells can be found in all living organisms, from single-celled bacteria to complex multicellular organisms like plants and animals. They are composed of molecules and atoms, but cells themselves are the fundamental building blocks of life.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus are called...
- A.
Karyokes
- B.
Prokaryotes
- C.
Non-nucleodes
- D.
Eukaryotes
Correct Answer
B. ProkaryotesExplanation
Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus. Unlike eukaryotes, which have a membrane-bound nucleus, prokaryotes have their genetic material, DNA, floating freely in the cytoplasm. This lack of a nucleus is a defining characteristic of prokaryotes and distinguishes them from eukaryotes. Therefore, the correct answer is prokaryotes.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Evolutionary adaptations are related to molecular changes in...
- A.
Proteins
- B.
Lipids
- C.
Carbohydrates
- D.
DNA
Correct Answer
D. DNAExplanation
Evolutionary adaptations are related to molecular changes in DNA. DNA is the genetic material that carries the instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. Through mutations and genetic variations in DNA, organisms can undergo changes that allow them to better survive and reproduce in their environment. These changes can lead to the development of new traits or the modification of existing ones, ultimately driving the process of evolution. Therefore, DNA is the primary molecule involved in evolutionary adaptations.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A chemoautotroph gets its energy from ___ and its carbon from ___...
- A.
Oxidation reactions; carbon dioxide in its environment
- B.
Oxidation reactions; consuming organics
- C.
The Sun; consuming organics
- D.
The Sun; carbon dioxide in its environment
Correct Answer
A. Oxidation reactions; carbon dioxide in its environmentExplanation
A chemoautotroph is an organism that obtains its energy from oxidation reactions and its carbon from carbon dioxide in its environment. Chemoautotrophs are able to use inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide or ammonia as a source of energy, which they obtain through oxidation reactions. They then use carbon dioxide from their surroundings to synthesize organic molecules through a process called carbon fixation. This allows them to produce their own food and sustain their metabolism without relying on consuming organic matter or sunlight.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What is the most important role that nucleic acids play in living organisms on Earth?
- A.
Energy storage and structural support
- B.
Information storage
- C.
Constituents of cell membranes
- D.
Basic functioning of living organisms
Correct Answer
B. Information storageExplanation
Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information in living organisms. They contain the instructions that determine the structure and function of cells, and ultimately, the entire organism. This information is essential for processes like protein synthesis, cell division, and the overall functioning of living organisms. Therefore, the most important role that nucleic acids play in living organisms on Earth is information storage.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What is the main factor that drives Darwinian evolution?
- A.
The ability of an organism to harness energy
- B.
The size of an organism
- C.
The need to reproduce
- D.
The competition for finite resources
Correct Answer
D. The competition for finite resourcesExplanation
The main factor that drives Darwinian evolution is the competition for finite resources. This means that organisms with advantageous traits that allow them to better compete for limited resources are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on these traits to future generations. This competition for resources creates a selective pressure that drives the process of natural selection, leading to the adaptation and evolution of species over time.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Spectral line patterns are...
- A.
Unique for each molecule; the same for all elements
- B.
Unique for each element; the same for all molecules
- C.
Unique for each element and molecule
- D.
The same for all elements and molecules
Correct Answer
C. Unique for each element and moleculeExplanation
Spectral line patterns refer to the unique set of wavelengths or frequencies of light emitted or absorbed by a molecule or element. Each element and molecule has its own distinct spectral line pattern, which can be used to identify and distinguish them. Therefore, the correct answer is that spectral line patterns are unique for each element and molecule.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The size of an ellipse is determined by its ___ and its "ovalness" is determined by ___.
- A.
Eccentricity; semi-minor axis
- B.
Semi-major axis; orbital period
- C.
Semi-major axis; eccentricity
- D.
Inertia; eccentricity
Correct Answer
C. Semi-major axis; eccentricityExplanation
The size of an ellipse is determined by its semi-major axis, which represents the distance from the center to the furthest point on the ellipse. On the other hand, the "ovalness" or eccentricity of an ellipse is determined by its eccentricity, which measures how much the ellipse deviates from a perfect circle shape. Therefore, the correct answer is semi-major axis; eccentricity.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Galileo discovered that Venus goes through a cycle of phases like the Moon. This strongly suggested that...
- A.
The solar system was geocentric
- B.
Venus must be orbiting the Sun
- C.
Venus must be orbiting the Earth
- D.
Venus had four moons
Correct Answer
B. Venus must be orbiting the SunExplanation
Galileo's discovery that Venus goes through a cycle of phases like the Moon strongly suggests that Venus must be orbiting the Sun. This is because the phases of Venus can only be explained if it is orbiting the Sun, with Earth and Venus at different positions in their orbits. If Venus were orbiting the Earth, it would not exhibit these phases. Therefore, Galileo's observation supports the heliocentric model of the solar system, where the Sun is at the center and the planets, including Venus, orbit around it.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Kepler's first law states that the orbits of the planets are...
- A.
Any possible shapes
- B.
Ellipses with the Sun at one focus
- C.
All exact circles with the Sun at the center
- D.
Ellipses with the Earth at one focus
Correct Answer
B. Ellipses with the Sun at one focusExplanation
Kepler's first law states that the orbits of the planets are ellipses with the Sun at one focus. This means that the path of a planet around the Sun is not a perfect circle, but rather an elongated oval shape. The Sun is located at one of the two foci of the ellipse, not at the center. This law helps to explain the varying distances between planets and the Sun throughout their orbits.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The first demonstration (by Newton) that the force of gravity was universal was proving...
- A.
Objects fell on the Earth with a constant acceleration
- B.
The Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxy were bound by gravity
- C.
The Moon was held in its orbit by gravity
- D.
The stars in the Milky Way were bound by gravity
Correct Answer
C. The Moon was held in its orbit by gravityExplanation
Newton's demonstration that the Moon was held in its orbit by gravity was the first proof of the universality of the force of gravity. This discovery showed that gravity not only affected objects on Earth, but also extended to celestial bodies like the Moon. By observing the Moon's motion and understanding the principles of gravity, Newton was able to demonstrate that the force of gravity acted universally, providing a fundamental understanding of the nature of gravity and its effects on celestial objects.Rate this question:
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- 31.
In astrobiology, the BIG question is...
- A.
"How did life originate on Earth?"
- B.
"What is the biological makeup of other life forms?"
- C.
"Is there other life in the universe?"
- D.
"How can we communicate with extraterrestrial life?"
Correct Answer
C. "Is there other life in the universe?"Explanation
The correct answer is "Is there other life in the universe?" This is because astrobiology is the study of life in the universe, and one of its main goals is to determine if there is life beyond Earth. By exploring different environments and searching for signs of life, astrobiologists hope to find evidence of extraterrestrial life and answer this fundamental question.Rate this question:
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- 32.
On what solar system body listed below have erupting volcanoes been seen?
- A.
Io
- B.
Mars
- C.
Our Moon
- D.
Jupiter
Correct Answer
A. IoExplanation
Erupting volcanoes have been observed on Io, one of Jupiter's moons. Io is known for its intense volcanic activity, with hundreds of active volcanoes and plumes of volcanic material reaching high into space. This is due to tidal heating caused by the gravitational interactions between Io, Jupiter, and other moons in the system. The extreme volcanic activity on Io makes it a unique and fascinating object in our solar system.Rate this question:
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- 33.
What is not one of the six conditions for life discussed in class?
- A.
Evolutionary Adaptation
- B.
Intelligence
- C.
Energy Utilization
- D.
Reproduction
Correct Answer
B. IntelligenceExplanation
Intelligence is not one of the six conditions for life discussed in class because it is not a fundamental requirement for the existence of life. While intelligence may be a characteristic of some living organisms, it is not essential for their survival or basic functions. The six conditions for life typically include factors such as the ability to reproduce, utilize energy, adapt to the environment, and maintain homeostasis.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Scientists cannot agree on whether viruses are living or not because...
- A.
They are incapable of evolving
- B.
They cannot reproduce on their own
- C.
They do not use any energy source
- D.
They are much smaller than other simple living organisms
Correct Answer
B. They cannot reproduce on their ownExplanation
Viruses cannot reproduce on their own, which is why scientists cannot agree on whether they are living or not. Unlike living organisms, viruses require a host cell to replicate and multiply. They are essentially genetic material enclosed in a protein coat, lacking the necessary cellular machinery for independent reproduction. While viruses can infect and hijack host cells to reproduce, they are unable to do so autonomously. This unique characteristic blurs the line between living and non-living entities, leading to the debate among scientists.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Of the six basic properties of life, the most important are...
- A.
Intelligence and reproduction
- B.
Reproduction and evolution
- C.
Reproduction and energy utilization
- D.
Order and growth
Correct Answer
B. Reproduction and evolutionExplanation
Reproduction and evolution are considered the most important properties of life because they are essential for the continuation and adaptation of species over time. Reproduction allows for the production of new individuals, ensuring the survival of the species. Evolution, on the other hand, refers to the process of genetic change over generations, leading to the development of new traits and adaptations that enhance the survival and reproductive success of organisms. Together, reproduction and evolution are crucial for the persistence and diversity of life on Earth.Rate this question:
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- 36.
When a mouse sees a cat it runs away. Which life condition is this an example of?
- A.
Reproduction
- B.
Response to its environment
- C.
Order
- D.
Growth and development
Correct Answer
B. Response to its environmentExplanation
This is an example of "Response to its environment" because the mouse is exhibiting a behavior (running away) in response to a stimulus (seeing a cat). The mouse is reacting to its surroundings and adapting its actions in order to survive and avoid danger.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The atoms of most of the elements in the periodic table were made...
- A.
In the Earth's core
- B.
All the choices are correct
- C.
By nuclear reactions in the cores of stars and supernovas
- D.
Inside interstellar gas clouds during star formation
Correct Answer
C. By nuclear reactions in the cores of stars and supernovasExplanation
The correct answer is "by nuclear reactions in the cores of stars and supernovas." This explanation is based on the understanding that elements are formed through nuclear reactions, specifically fusion and supernova explosions, which occur in the cores of stars and during supernovas. These reactions generate the necessary energy and conditions for the synthesis of heavier elements from lighter ones. As a result, the majority of elements found in the periodic table were created through these processes.Rate this question:
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- 38.
What occurs when the nucleus of a radioactive isotope decays?
- A.
All of the choices are correct
- B.
The nucleus is converted into a different element
- C.
Energy is released
- D.
Radioactive particles are emitted
Correct Answer
A. All of the choices are correctExplanation
When the nucleus of a radioactive isotope decays, several things happen. Firstly, the nucleus can be converted into a different element, meaning the number of protons and/or neutrons changes. Additionally, energy is released during this process. Finally, radioactive particles, such as alpha or beta particles, are emitted as a result of the decay. Therefore, all of the choices provided in the question are correct explanations for what occurs when the nucleus of a radioactive isotope decays.Rate this question:
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- 39.
What is not a property of eukaryotic cells?
- A.
They are only found in microbes (single-celled organisms)
- B.
They have a nucleus
- C.
They are bigger than prokaryotic cells
- D.
They reproduce through mitosis
Correct Answer
A. They are only found in microbes (single-celled organisms)Explanation
Eukaryotic cells are not only found in microbes (single-celled organisms). They can be found in both single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms. Multicellular organisms, such as plants, animals, and fungi, are composed of eukaryotic cells. Therefore, the statement that eukaryotic cells are only found in microbes is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 40.
"Survival of the fittest" is a simple way of describing...
- A.
Artificial selection
- B.
Natural selection
- C.
Differential evolution
- D.
American Idol
Correct Answer
B. Natural selectionExplanation
"Survival of the fittest" is a phrase commonly associated with the concept of natural selection. Natural selection refers to the process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations. This leads to the gradual adaptation of species to their environment over time. The phrase "survival of the fittest" captures the idea that those individuals who are best suited to their environment, in terms of their traits and abilities, are the ones who are most likely to survive and pass on their genes.Rate this question:
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- 41.
What is not a property of the element carbon that makes it attractive as a "building block" of life?
- A.
Carbon compounds are quite soluble in water
- B.
It is the only element capable of bonding to itself
- C.
It is quite common throughout the universe
- D.
It can form a variety of molecular structures
Correct Answer
B. It is the only element capable of bonding to itselfExplanation
Carbon's ability to bond to itself is a unique property that makes it attractive as a "building block" of life. This property allows carbon atoms to form long chains and complex structures, which are essential for the formation of biological molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Carbon compounds being soluble in water, common throughout the universe, and capable of forming a variety of molecular structures are all properties that further contribute to carbon's importance in supporting life.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?
- A.
Cell membrane
- B.
Mitochondria
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Ribosome
Correct Answer
D. RibosomeExplanation
Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosome. Ribosomes are small organelles found in the cytoplasm of the cell. They are responsible for assembling amino acids into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins. Ribosomes can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. They play a crucial role in the process of translation, where the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to synthesize proteins.Rate this question:
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- 43.
The spectral lines of what element were first seen in the spectrum of the Sun?
- A.
Carbon
- B.
Helium
- C.
Sodium
- D.
Hydrogen
Correct Answer
B. HeliumExplanation
The correct answer is Helium. The spectral lines of helium were first observed in the spectrum of the Sun. This discovery was made by French astronomer Jules Janssen during a solar eclipse in 1868. Janssen noticed a yellow line in the spectrum that did not correspond to any known element at the time. Later, it was confirmed that this line was caused by the presence of helium in the Sun's atmosphere. This discovery was significant as it led to the identification of a new element and expanded our understanding of the composition of celestial bodies.Rate this question:
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- 44.
The tectonic plates making up the Earth's crust move because of...
- A.
Earthquakes
- B.
Mantle convection
- C.
Gravitational forces due to the Moon
- D.
Gravitational forces due to the Sun
Correct Answer
B. Mantle convectionExplanation
The tectonic plates making up the Earth's crust move because of mantle convection. Mantle convection refers to the movement of the Earth's solid mantle due to the transfer of heat from the core to the surface. This heat transfer causes the mantle material to become less dense and rise towards the surface, while cooler, denser material sinks back down. This convection process creates a circular motion within the mantle, which in turn causes the tectonic plates to move. As the plates interact with each other, they can create earthquakes, but the primary driving force behind their movement is mantle convection.Rate this question:
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- 45.
As you move down the main sequence, (from type O stars to type M stars) what stellar property increases?
- A.
Luminosity
- B.
Radius
- C.
Lifetime
- D.
Surface temperatures
- E.
Mass
Correct Answer
C. LifetimeExplanation
As you move down the main sequence from type O stars to type M stars, the stellar property that increases is the lifetime. The main sequence represents the stage in a star's life where it is fusing hydrogen into helium in its core. Type O stars are the hottest and most massive, while type M stars are the coolest and least massive. Due to their higher mass, type O stars have shorter lifetimes compared to type M stars, which have lower mass and therefore longer lifetimes.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the Milky Way?
- A.
It is a barred spiral type galaxy
- B.
It has a few billion stars in it
- C.
It is the largest galaxy ever found
- D.
It is our galaxy
Correct Answer
C. It is the largest galaxy ever foundExplanation
The statement "It is the largest galaxy ever found" is incorrect because the Milky Way is not the largest galaxy ever found. There are galaxies much larger than the Milky Way, such as the Andromeda Galaxy, which is estimated to be about twice the size of the Milky Way.Rate this question:
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- 47.
The distance between two objects is tripled. What happens to the gravitational force between them?
- A.
It increases by a factor of 9
- B.
It decreases by a factor of 9
- C.
It decreases by a factor of 3
- D.
It increases by a factor of 3
Correct Answer
B. It decreases by a factor of 9Explanation
When the distance between two objects is tripled, the gravitational force between them decreases by a factor of 9. This is because the gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. So, when the distance is tripled, the force decreases by a factor of 1/9, which is equivalent to decreasing by a factor of 9.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Differentiation of planets is a process by which...
- A.
A planet's atmosphere is composed of different molecules
- B.
Dense material sinks; less dense material floats
- C.
Convection mixes up the materials in the planet's mantle
- D.
A planet's surface separates into continents and oceans
Correct Answer
B. Dense material sinks; less dense material floatsExplanation
Differentiation of planets is a process by which dense material sinks and less dense material floats. This process occurs due to the gravitational forces acting on the materials within a planet. As the planet forms, the heavier elements and compounds sink towards the center, forming the core, while the lighter materials rise towards the surface. This differentiation leads to the formation of distinct layers within a planet, with the densest materials concentrated in the core and the less dense materials forming the crust and mantle.Rate this question:
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- 49.
What is the complementary sequence corresponding to the DNA fragment GATACA?
- A.
ACATAC
- B.
TGCCAC
- C.
CTATGT
- D.
ACCCTC
Correct Answer
C. CTATGTExplanation
The complementary sequence of a DNA fragment is formed by pairing each nucleotide with its complementary base. In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). Therefore, the complementary sequence to GATACA would be CTATGT, as each base is paired with its complementary base: G with C, A with T, and T with A.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Our Sun is...
- A.
A G type star
- B.
Produces its luminosity by nuclear reactions
- C.
Has average stellar properties
- D.
Is in the middle of the main sequence
- E.
All of the choices are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the choices are correctExplanation
The Sun is a G type star, which means it falls under the category of stars that are similar in size and temperature to our own Sun. It produces its luminosity through nuclear reactions, specifically through the process of nuclear fusion in its core. The Sun also has average stellar properties, such as its size, temperature, and age. Additionally, it is located in the middle of the main sequence, which is the phase in a star's life cycle where it spends the majority of its lifetime. Therefore, all of the choices given in the question are correct.Rate this question:
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