AP World Islam Chapter 6 And 7

Muhammad's teaching with respect to the revelations of other monotheistic religions was that he accepted the validity of earlier Christian and Judaic revelations. He believed that his own revelations were a final refinement and reformulation of these earlier revelations. This means that Muhammad did not reject or dismiss the teachings of Christianity or Judaism, but rather saw them as part of a continuous spiritual tradition that culminated in his own revelations.

The Umayyad clan was responsible for the foundation of Mecca. They were a powerful and influential Arab clan that played a significant role in the early history of Islam. The Umayyad clan originated from the Quraysh tribe, which was the dominant tribe in Mecca. They established Mecca as a religious and commercial center, and it became the birthplace of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Umayyads held political and religious authority in Mecca and played a crucial role in the spread and development of Islam.

Islam and Hinduism differed in their approach towards social equality. Islam emphasized the principle of egalitarianism, believing that all believers were equal regardless of their social status. On the other hand, Hinduism embraced a caste-based social system, where individuals were born into specific castes that determined their social standing and privileges. This system created a hierarchy and limited social mobility, contrasting with the egalitarian ideals of Islam.

The Umayyads displayed tolerance towards the religions of dhimmi peoples. This means that they allowed people of other religions, known as dhimmis, to practice their own faiths. This shows that the Umayyads were accepting of religious diversity and did not force their own religion on others.

The Muslim conquerors of Sind treated the Hindu and Buddhists of the region as dhimmis or "peoples of the book". This means that they were allowed to practice their own religions but had to pay a special tax and accept certain restrictions and limitations. This policy of tolerance towards non-Muslims was common during the Muslim conquests and aimed to maintain social order and collect revenue from the conquered populations. It allowed for a level of religious coexistence and cultural diversity within the region.

After the establishment of the Islamic Kingdom in 1206 on the Gangetic Plains, the capital was established in Delhi. Delhi became the political and cultural center of the Islamic Kingdom, and it remained the capital for many dynasties that ruled over the region. The city of Delhi has a rich history and is known for its architectural wonders and historical significance.

not-available-via-ai

Under the Umayyads, the political center of Islam shifted to Damascus. The Umayyad Caliphate, which ruled from 661 to 750, established Damascus as its capital. This shift in the political center was significant as it marked a change from the previous political center of Medina. Damascus became a thriving city under Umayyad rule, serving as the administrative and cultural hub of the Islamic empire. The Umayyads also built impressive architectural structures in Damascus, including the Umayyad Mosque, which further solidified the city's importance in the Islamic world.

The Umayyad response to Muhammad's migration to Medina and subsequent success there was that war broke out between Mecca and Medina. Eventually, Muhammad and the Medina clans emerged victorious.

The correct answer is C) Except in the sedentary agricultural communities of the south, there was little art or architecture; and the chief focus of cultural creativity was oral poetry. This means that the bedouin society did not have a significant presence of art or architecture, except in the sedentary agricultural communities in the south. Instead, their cultural creativity was mainly expressed through oral poetry.

not-available-via-ai

Mahmud of Ghazni, a descendant of a Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan, led a series of expeditions into India in the eleventh century to seize booty. He is known for his military campaigns and his raids on wealthy Hindu temples, which brought him immense wealth and power. Mahmud of Ghazni's expeditions into India had a significant impact on the region, both politically and culturally, and marked the beginning of Muslim rule in India.

The correct answer is D) He was at the outset of his reign heavily dependent on Persian advisors, a practice that became commonplace thereafter. This answer suggests that al-Rashid's reliance on Persian advisors at the beginning of his reign set a trend for subsequent Abbasid rulers. This implies that future rulers also sought the guidance and support of Persian advisors, indicating a continuation of this practice within the Abbasid administration.

Bedouin herders lived in kin-related clan groups, which means that their social structure was based on family ties and relationships. Bedouins were rarely found living in urban areas, as their lifestyle was centered around nomadic herding and living in tent encampments. Arabian society fostered strong dependence on loyalty and cooperation with kin, as kinship was highly valued. However, the statement that clans were commonly congregated together in larger tribal groupings is not accurate. Bedouin society was organized into smaller clan groups, and while they may have interacted with other clans, they did not commonly form larger tribal groupings.

not-available-via-ai

The Seljuk conquest of Baghdad actually restored the ability of the Abbasid Empire to meet the challenges of Egypt and the Byzantine Empire. This implies that the conquest had a positive impact on the empire, strengthening its power and capabilities. It suggests that the Seljuks were able to provide support and resources to the Abbasid Empire, enabling them to effectively confront and face the challenges posed by Egypt and the Byzantine Empire.