AP Ch 39 Outline Quiz

Explanation
In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, pollen can be carried by the wind for pollination. This is known as anemophily, and it is a common method of pollination in both groups of plants. The wind carries the pollen grains from the male reproductive structures to the female reproductive structures, allowing for fertilization and the development of seeds. This method of pollination is often seen in plants that do not produce showy flowers or rely on animal pollinators.

Explanation
The microspore develops into a microgametophyte. A microgametophyte is a male gametophyte, which produces male gametes (sperm cells). In plants, the microspore undergoes mitosis to form a microgametophyte, which contains the male gametes. This is part of the process of plant reproduction, where the male gametes are released and fertilize the female gametes to form a zygote. Therefore, the correct answer is microgametophyte.

Explanation
The carpel is the female reproductive organ of a flower, and it consists of the stigma, style, and ovary. These structures are responsible for receiving pollen, supporting the growth of the pollen tube, and containing the ovules, respectively. The pistil, also known as the gynoecium, is the collective term for one or more carpels in a flower. Therefore, the correct answer is pistil.

Explanation
The anther and filament are parts of the stamen. The stamen is the male reproductive organ of a flower and is composed of the anther, which produces pollen, and the filament, which supports the anther. The other options, such as pistil, sepal, receptacle, and petal, are not associated with the anther and filament.

Explanation
A megasporocyte is a cell that undergoes meiosis to produce megaspores, which eventually develop into female gametophytes. In plants, the ovary is the female reproductive organ that contains the ovules, where the megasporocytes are located. The stigma, anther, filament, and style are parts of the male reproductive organ, the stamen, and do not contain megasporocytes. Therefore, the correct answer is ovary.

Explanation
Double fertilization is a unique process that occurs in angiosperms, where two sperm nuclei are involved. One sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus to form a diploid zygote, which develops into an embryo. The other sperm nucleus fuses with two haploid polar nuclei to form a triploid endosperm, which provides nutrients to the developing embryo. Therefore, the statement that one sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus, and the other sperm nucleus fuses with two haploid polar nuclei is true.

Explanation
The statement is false because the megaspore mother cell actually divides by meiosis to form four non-functional megaspores, not egg nuclei. These megaspores then undergo further development to form the egg nuclei.

Explanation
Double fertilization is a unique reproductive process that occurs in angiosperms, or flowering plants. It involves the fusion of two sperm cells with two different female gametes, resulting in the formation of both a zygote and endosperm. This process is essential for the development of seeds and is not found in any other group of plants. Therefore, the statement that double fertilization is found only in angiosperms is correct.

Explanation
The statement is true because a fruit is indeed composed of the ovary and sometimes other floral parts such as the receptacle. The ovary is the part of the flower that contains the ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization. The other floral parts, such as the receptacle, may contribute to the overall structure and composition of the fruit. Therefore, it is accurate to say that a fruit is composed of the ovary and sometimes other floral parts.

Explanation
Dormancy is a natural state in which a seed remains inactive and does not germinate, even under favorable conditions. This can occur when certain requirements, such as a period of cold or adequate water availability, have not been fulfilled. Therefore, the statement that dormancy is a period during which a seed cannot germinate, even if conditions seem suitable for germination, because some condition of cold or water availability has not been met, is true.