Anp II Final Exam Part 3
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ANP II Final Exam Part 3
- 1.Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory system?
- A.
Pharynx
- B.
Trachea
- C.
Nasal meatuses
- 2.The conducting zone does NOT act to
- A.
Add water to air
- B.
Warm air
- C.
Does none of the above
- 3.The nose connects with the pharynx through the
- A.
Septal cartilage
- B.
External nares
- C.
Choanae
- 4.Which of the following is a passageway for air, food and water?
- A.
Pharynx
- B.
Larynx
- C.
Paranasal sinuses
- 5.The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called
- A.
Hypopharynx
- B.
Meatuses
- C.
Fauces
- 6.This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea.
- A.
Arytenoid cartilage
- B.
Epiglottis
- C.
Nasopharynx
- 7.During swallowing, which structure rises?
- A.
Pharynx
- B.
Esophagus
- C.
Trachea
- 8.These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage.
- A.
Arytenoids cartilage
- B.
Corniculate cartilage
- C.
Cricotracheal cartilage
- 9.Pitch is controlled by
- A.
Vibration of the vocal chords
- B.
Tension of the vocal chords
- C.
Layers of cartilage in the vocal chords
- 10.This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi.
- A.
Trachea
- B.
Larynx
- C.
Nasopharynx
- 11.This is the primary gas exchange site.
- A.
Bronchiole
- B.
Nasal sinuses
- C.
Alveolus
- 12.Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system?
- A.
Stratified squamous epithelium with keratin
- B.
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
- C.
Hyaline cartilage
- 13.Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs?
- A.
Stratified squamous epithelium with keratinc.
- B.
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
- C.
Cilated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells
- 14.The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called
- A.
Carina
- B.
Secondary bronchioles
- C.
Parietal pleura
- 15.Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus?
- A.
Stratified squamous epithelium
- B.
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
- C.
Simple squamous epithelium
- 16.These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant.
- A.
Type I alveolar cells
- B.
Type II alveolar cells
- C.
Type III alveolar cells
- 17.This is direction of diffusion of gases at capillaries near systemic cells.
- A.
Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
- B.
Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
- C.
Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood
- 18.This is direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs.
- A.
Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
- B.
Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
- C.
Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood
- 19.Exhalation begins when
- A.
Inspiratory muscles relax
- B.
Diaphragm contracts
- C.
Blood circulation is the lowest
- 20.This means the lungs and the chest wall expand easily.
- A.
High surface tension
- B.
Low surface tension
- C.
High compliance
- 21.The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo respiratory exchange are known as the
- A.
Minimal volume
- B.
Residual volume
- C.
Respiratory dead space
- 22.This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume.
- A.
Total lung capacity
- B.
Functional residual capacity
- C.
Inspiratory capacity
- 23.Which of the following is not a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on.
- A.
Diffusion distance
- B.
Molecular weight and solubility of the gases
- C.
Force of contraction of diaphragm
- 24.Which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport?
- A.
Dissolved in plasma as a gas
- B.
Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions
- C.
Diffusion
- 25.When blood pH drops then the amount of oxyhemoglobin _______ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells ________________.
- A.
Increases, decreases
- B.
Decreases, increases
- C.
Decreases, decreases
- 26.Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen?
- A.
Amount of oxygen available
- B.
Temperature
- C.
Respiratory rate
- 27.Which is not a major function of the kidney?
- A.
Regulation of blood ionic composition
- B.
regulation of blood cell size
- C.
regulation of blood volume
- 28.This is the formation of a new glucose molecule.
- A.
Glycolysis
- B.
Gluconeogenesis
- C.
Glucosamine
- 29.Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?
- A.
Urea
- B.
Glucose
- C.
Insulin
- 30.This is smooth dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter.
- A.
Adipose capsule
- B.
Renal capsule
- C.
Renal hilus
- 31.The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the
- A.
Renal columns
- B.
Renal medulla
- C.
Renal pelvis
- 32.Which is the correct order of blood flow?
- A.
Renal artery-segmental artery-interlobular artery-peritubular capillaries- afferent arterioles
- B.
Interlobular arteries-arcuate arteries-glomerular capillaries-arcuate veins
- C.
Arcuate veins-arcuate arteries- glomerular capillaries- renal vein
- 33.Which is the correct order of filtrate flow?
- A.
Glomerular capsule, Proximal Convoluted tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT), Collecting duct
- B.
Loop of Henle, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, Collecting duct
- C.
Ascending limb of Loop, PCT, DCT, Collecting duct
- 34.Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances?
- A.
Ascending limb
- B.
Collecting duct
- C.
Proximal convoluted tubule
- 35.This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood.
- A.
Glomerular capsule
- B.
Loop of Henle
- C.
Ascending limb
- 36.This term means entry of substances into the body from the filtrate.
- A.
Reabsorption
- B.
filtration
- C.
Secretion
- 37.This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate.
- A.
Reabsorption
- B.
Filtration
- C.
secretion
- 38.This layer of filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix.
- A.
Glomerular endothelial cells
- B.
Basal lamina
- C.
Pedicels
- 39.This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles.
- A.
Glomerular filtration rate
- B.
Tubulomerular feedback
- C.
Myogenic mechanism
- 40.This is when a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical membrane then across the cytosol into the interstitial fluid.
- A.
Paracellular reabsoprtion
- B.
Transcellular reabsoprtion
- C.
Apical reasborption
- 41.Once fluid enters the proximal convoluted tubule
- A.
It is less dense
- B.
it has a higher K+ concentration
- C.
It is called tubular fluid
- 42.The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb what percentage of filtered water?
- A.
25%
- B.
50%
- C.
65%
- 43.Which of the following is a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys?
- A.
It increases GFR
- B.
It can decrease GFR
- C.
It enhances reabsorption of certain ions
- 44.Urea recycling can cause a buildup of urea in the
- A.
Ascending tubule
- B.
Renal medulla
- C.
Renal pelvis
- 45.Increased secretion of Hydrogen ions would result in a ______________ of blood ____________?
- A.
Increase, sodium levels
- B.
Decrease, pH
- C.
Increase, urea
- 46.Increased secretion of Aldosterone would result in a ______________ of blood ____________?
- A.
increase, calcium levels
- B.
Decrease, pH
- C.
Increase, sodium
- 47.The ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to
- A.
Urea
- B.
water
- C.
albumin
- 48.An analysis of the physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine is called
- A.
Urinalysis
- B.
Filtration study
- C.
Concentration study
- 49.This is a test to measure kidney function.
- A.
Plasma creatinine
- B.
Renal study
- C.
Kidney assay
- 50.This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.
- A.
Urethra
- B.
Ureter
- C.
Descending loop of Henle
- 51.This layer of the ureter is composed of connective tissue, elastic and collagen fibers.
- A.
Mucosa
- B.
Transitional epithelium
- C.
Lamina propria
- 52.This lies in the anterior cornea of the trigone of the bladder.
- A.
Ureter
- B.
Internal urethral orifice
- C.
Muscularis bundle
- 53.How much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid?
- A.
50%
- B.
1/3
- C.
2/3
- 54.80% of the extracellular fluid is
- A.
Plasma
- B.
Cytosol
- C.
Interstitial fluid
- 55.This is the largest single component of the human body.
- A.
Skin
- B.
Water
- C.
Blood
- 56.This is produced when electrons are accepted by oxygen during cellular respiration.
- A.
Anions
- B.
Cations
- C.
Metabolic water
- 57.This occurs when water loss is greater than water gain.
- A.
Dehydration
- B.
Evaporation
- C.
Precipitation
- 58.The response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT cause which of the following?
- A.
Stimulate the kidneys to secrete rennin
- B.
Formation of ADH
- C.
Increased vasoconstriction
- 59.This is the main factor that determines body fluid volume.
- A.
Thirst center
- B.
Fluid balance
- C.
Urinary salt loss
- 60.Which of the following is used to promote Na reabsorption by the kidneys?
- A.
Antidiuretic hormone
- B.
ANP
- C.
Aldosterone
- 61.Which of the following is used to promote water reabsorption by the kidneys?
- A.
Antidiuretic hormone
- B.
ANP
- C.
Aldosterone
- 62.Natriuresis
- A.
Is increased K+ levels in urine
- B.
Is increased PO- levels in urine
- C.
None of the above
- 63.A decline in angiotensin II levels does NOT result in
- A.
Reduced water reabsorption by the kidneys
- B.
Increased Calcium reabsorption
- C.
Increased urine output
- 64.The major hormone that regulates water loss is
- A.
Renin
- B.
ADH
- C.
Angiotensin
- 65.Water intoxication results from
- A.
Osmosis of water from ICF to ECF
- B.
Dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids
- C.
Decrease in water intake
- 66.Which of the following is a function of an electrolyte in the body?
- A.
Carry electrical currents
- B.
Serve as cofactors
- C.
All of the above
- 67.In extracellular fluid the most abundant cation is
- A.
Na+
- B.
Cl-
- C.
K+
- 68.In extracellular fluid the most abundant anion is:
- A.
Na+
- B.
Cl-
- C.
K+
- 69.In intracellular fluid the most abundant cation is:
- A.
Na+
- B.
Cl-
- C.
K+
- 70.In intracellular fluid the most abundant anion is
- A.
K+
- B.
HPO42-
- C.
HCO3-
- 71.The Na+ level in blood is controlled by
- A.
Aldosterone
- B.
Insulin
- C.
ATP production
- 72.This occurs between RBC and blood plasma as the blood level of carbon dioxide increases or decreases.
- A.
Chloride shift
- B.
Potassium shift
- C.
Sodium shift
- 73.This is the most abundant mineral in the body.
- A.
Na+
- B.
Calcium
- C.
Magnesium
- 74.PTH, ,calcitriol and calcitonin are
- A.
The main regulators of magnesium in the blood
- B.
The main regulators of phosphate in the blood
- C.
The main regulators of calcium in the blood
- 75.Most of the phosphate in a body is present as
- A.
DNA
- B.
Calcium phosphate salt
- C.
Carbohydrates
- 76.Buffer systems, exhaling carbon dioxide and excretion by the kidneys are all
- A.
Ways to balance interstitial fluid
- B.
Means of balancing blood volume
- C.
Ways to eliminate H+ from the body
- 77.Metabolic reactions can produce
- A.
H+
- B.
HCO3
- C.
Nonvolatile acids
- 78.This is a condition where blood pH is below 7.35
- A.
Isodosis
- B.
Acidosis
- C.
Alkalosis
- 79.In partial compensation
- A.
PH is brought into the normal range
- B.
Systemic arterial blood is still lower than 7.35
- C.
Systemic arterial blood is higher than 9.5
- 80.Inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause
- A.
Blood pH to drop
- B.
Alkalosis
- C.
Respiratory compensation
- 81.This imbalance results when systemic arterial blood HCO3- levels drop significantly (below 22 mEq/liter)
- A.
Metabolic alkalosis
- B.
Metabolic acidosis
- C.
Respiratory acidosis
- 82.This imbalance results when systemic arterial blood CO2 levels raise to abnormal values.
- A.
Metabolic alkalosis
- B.
Metabolic acidosis
- C.
Respiratory acidosis
- 83.This is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis.
- A.
Hemorrhage
- B.
Vomiting
- C.
Pneumothroax
- 84.The rate of fluid intake and outtake is how much higher in an infant than in an adult?
- A.
2 times higher
- B.
5 times higher
- C.
7 times higher
- 85.The breathing rate of an infant
- A.
Is twice as fast as an adult
- B.
Causes greater water loss from the lungs
- C.
Removes less carbon dioxide than in an adult
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