Anp II Final Exam: Trivia Quiz!
What do you know about ANP? Do you want to be able to pass this quiz? The effects of ANP and angiotensin II alone and urinary electrolyte and water excretion were studied in people who were experiencing maximal water diuresis. ANP caused a significant increase in urine flow and sodium excretion. If you want to see what you know about Anp II, this quiz can help.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory system?
- A.
Pharynx
- B.
Trachea
- C.
Nasal meatuses
Correct Answer
B. TracheaExplanation
The trachea is not part of the upper respiratory system. The upper respiratory system consists of the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx, while the trachea is part of the lower respiratory system. The trachea connects the larynx to the bronchi and allows air to pass in and out of the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The conducting zone does NOT act to:
- A.
Add water to air
- B.
Warm air
- C.
Does none of the above
Correct Answer
C. Does none of the aboveExplanation
The conducting zone in the respiratory system is responsible for transporting air to and from the lungs. It consists of various structures such as the nose, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Its main functions include filtering, moistening, and warming the air as it enters the respiratory system. Therefore, it does not add water to the air or warm the air, as these processes occur in other parts of the respiratory system such as the nasal cavity and the upper respiratory tract.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The nose connects with the pharynx through the
- A.
Septal cartilage
- B.
External nares
- C.
Choanae
Correct Answer
C. ChoanaeExplanation
The choanae are the openings at the back of the nasal cavity that connect it to the pharynx. These openings allow air to pass from the nose into the throat and eventually into the lungs. The septal cartilage and external nares are also part of the nasal cavity, but they do not directly connect to the pharynx. Therefore, the correct answer is choanae.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is a passageway for air, food and water?
- A.
Pharynx
- B.
Larynx
- C.
Paranasal sinuses
Correct Answer
A. PharynxExplanation
The pharynx is a passageway for air, food, and water. It is located behind the nasal cavity, mouth, and larynx. It serves as a common pathway for both the respiratory and digestive systems. Air passes through the pharynx when we breathe, while food and water pass through it when we swallow. The pharynx plays a crucial role in ensuring that air and food are directed to their respective pathways, preventing choking or aspiration. The larynx, on the other hand, is primarily responsible for producing sound and protecting the airway during swallowing. Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces in the skull that help with voice resonance and reducing the weight of the skull.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called
- A.
Hypopharynx
- B.
Meatuses
- C.
Fauces
Correct Answer
C. FaucesExplanation
The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called the fauces. The fauces is the narrow passage between the oral cavity and the oropharynx. It is located at the back of the throat and serves as a gateway for food and liquids to enter the pharynx during swallowing. The fauces also plays a role in speech production as it is involved in the movement of air and sound production.Rate this question:
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- 6.
This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea.
- A.
Arytenoid cartilage
- B.
Epiglottis
- C.
Nasopharynx
Correct Answer
B. EpiglottisExplanation
The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue that covers the opening of the trachea during swallowing. Its main function is to prevent food or water from entering the trachea and instead direct it towards the esophagus. This helps to ensure that the airway remains clear and that food and liquid are directed towards the digestive system. The arytenoid cartilage and nasopharynx do not have the same function as the epiglottis in preventing food or water from entering the trachea.Rate this question:
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- 7.
During swallowing, which structure rises?
- A.
Pharynx
- B.
Esophagus
- C.
Trachea
Correct Answer
A. PharynxExplanation
During swallowing, the pharynx rises. The pharynx is a muscular tube that connects the mouth and the esophagus. When we swallow, the muscles in the pharynx contract and push the food or liquid down into the esophagus, which then carries it to the stomach. The rising of the pharynx helps to create a seal between the nasal cavity and the throat, preventing food or liquid from entering the nasal passages.Rate this question:
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- 8.
These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage.
- A.
Arytenoids cartilage
- B.
Corniculate cartilage
- C.
Cricotracheal cartilage
Correct Answer
A. Arytenoids cartilageExplanation
The triangular pieces of cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage are called arytenoid cartilage. These cartilages play an important role in the movement and tension of the vocal cords, allowing for the production of sound during speech and breathing. They also help to control the opening and closing of the glottis, which is the space between the vocal cords.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Pitch is controlled by
- A.
Vibration of the vocal chords
- B.
Tension of the vocal chords
- C.
Layers of cartilage in the vocal chords
Correct Answer
B. Tension of the vocal chordsExplanation
The correct answer is "Tension of the vocal chords" because pitch is primarily determined by the tension of the vocal cords. When the vocal cords are tightened, they vibrate faster and produce a higher pitch. Conversely, when the tension is reduced, the vocal cords vibrate slower and produce a lower pitch. Therefore, the tension of the vocal cords plays a crucial role in controlling the pitch of the voice.Rate this question:
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- 10.
This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi.
- A.
Trachea
- B.
Larynx
- C.
Nasopharynx
Correct Answer
A. TracheaExplanation
The trachea is a tube that is located in front of the esophagus and it carries air to the bronchi. It is commonly referred to as the windpipe and is an important part of the respiratory system. The trachea is responsible for allowing air to pass into the lungs, providing oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide. It is made up of rings of cartilage that help to keep the trachea open and prevent it from collapsing.Rate this question:
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- 11.
This is the primary gas exchange site.
- A.
Bronchiole
- B.
Nasal sinuses
- C.
Alveolus
Correct Answer
C. AlveolusExplanation
The alveolus is the primary gas exchange site in the respiratory system. It is a tiny air sac located at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. The walls of the alveoli are thin and surrounded by a network of blood vessels. This allows for efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the alveoli and the bloodstream. The large surface area and close proximity to capillaries make the alveoli ideal for the diffusion of gases.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system?
- A.
Stratified squamous epithelium with keratin
- B.
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
- C.
Hyaline cartilage
Correct Answer
C. Hyaline cartilageExplanation
Hyaline cartilage is the correct answer because it helps maintain open airways in the lower respiratory system. It provides structural support to the airways, preventing them from collapsing and maintaining their shape. This type of cartilage is found in the trachea and bronchi, where it forms rings that keep the airways open and allow for the smooth flow of air during breathing.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs?
- A.
Stratified squamous epithelium with keratinc.
- B.
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
- C.
Cilated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells
Correct Answer
B. ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cellsExplanation
The correct answer is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells because this tissue type has cilia that help move mucus and other substances along the conducting organs, such as the respiratory tract. The goblet cells also secrete mucus to help trap and remove foreign particles. This combination of cilia and goblet cells is essential for the proper functioning of the inner layer of the conducting organs.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called
- A.
Carina
- B.
Secondary bronchioles
- C.
Parietal pleura
Correct Answer
A. CarinaExplanation
The correct answer is Carina. The carina is a ridge located at the point where the trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi. It is an important landmark in the respiratory system and serves as a reference point for various procedures and examinations. The carina plays a crucial role in ensuring the proper distribution of air to the lungs and is also involved in the cough reflex.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus?
- A.
Stratified squamous epithelium
- B.
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
- C.
Simple squamous epithelium
Correct Answer
C. Simple squamous epitheliumExplanation
Simple squamous epithelium forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus. This type of tissue is composed of a single layer of flat cells that allows for efficient diffusion of gases across the alveolar walls. The thinness of the cells and their close proximity to capillaries facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 16.
These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant.
- A.
Type I alveolar cells
- B.
Type II alveolar cells
- C.
Type III alveolar cells
Correct Answer
B. Type II alveolar cellsExplanation
Type II alveolar cells are responsible for producing surfactant, a substance that helps to reduce surface tension in the alveoli. This surfactant is important for preventing the collapse of the alveoli during exhalation and for maintaining the elasticity of the lungs. Type I alveolar cells, on the other hand, are involved in gas exchange, while Type III alveolar cells are not a recognized type of alveolar cell. Therefore, Type II alveolar cells are the correct answer as they specifically produce surfactant.Rate this question:
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- 17.
This is the direction of diffusion of gases at capillaries near systemic cells.
- A.
Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
- B.
Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
- C.
Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood
Correct Answer
B. Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into bloodExplanation
In capillaries near systemic cells, oxygen is transported out of the blood and into the cells, while carbon dioxide is transported into the blood from the cells. This is because oxygen is needed by the cells for cellular respiration, while carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product of cellular respiration and needs to be removed from the cells. Therefore, the correct answer is "Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide into blood."Rate this question:
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- 18.
This is the direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs.
- A.
Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
- B.
Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
- C.
Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood
Correct Answer
C. Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of bloodExplanation
During respiration, oxygen diffuses from the alveoli of the lungs into the bloodstream. This is because the concentration of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood. On the other hand, carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of cellular respiration, diffuses from the bloodstream into the alveoli. This is because the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher in the blood than in the alveoli. Therefore, the correct answer is "Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood."Rate this question:
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- 19.
Exhalation begins when
- A.
Inspiratory muscles relax
- B.
Diaphragm contracts
- C.
Blood circulation is the lowest
Correct Answer
A. Inspiratory muscles relaxExplanation
Exhalation begins when the inspiratory muscles relax. During inhalation, the diaphragm and other inspiratory muscles contract, causing the lungs to expand and air to be drawn into the lungs. Once the inhalation is complete, the inspiratory muscles relax, allowing the lungs to passively recoil and air to be expelled from the lungs during exhalation. This relaxation of the inspiratory muscles is a crucial step in the breathing process, as it initiates the movement of air out of the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 20.
This means the lungs and the chest wall expand easily.
- A.
High surface tension
- B.
Low surface tension
- C.
High compliance
Correct Answer
C. High complianceExplanation
High compliance refers to the ability of the lungs and chest wall to expand easily. When the compliance is high, it means that the lung tissue and chest wall are flexible and can stretch easily during inhalation, allowing for efficient expansion of the lungs. This is important for proper ventilation and gas exchange in the respiratory system.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo respiratory exchange are known as the
- A.
Minimal volume
- B.
Residual volume
- C.
Respiratory dead space
Correct Answer
C. Respiratory dead spaceExplanation
The conducting airways refer to the passages in the respiratory system that do not participate in gas exchange. These include the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. The air that passes through these airways without undergoing respiratory exchange is known as the respiratory dead space. This is because no oxygen is taken up by the blood and no carbon dioxide is eliminated. The respiratory dead space is important for maintaining the proper ventilation-perfusion ratio in the lungs and ensuring efficient gas exchange in the alveoli.Rate this question:
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- 22.
This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume.
- A.
Total lung capacity
- B.
Functional residual capacity
- C.
Inspiratory capacity
Correct Answer
B. Functional residual capacityExplanation
The functional residual capacity refers to the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation. It is the sum of the residual volume, which is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation, and the expiratory reserve volume, which is the additional volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation. Therefore, the correct answer is functional residual capacity.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following is not a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on:
- A.
Diffusion distance
- B.
Molecular weight and solubility of the gases
- C.
Force of contraction of diaphragm
Correct Answer
C. Force of contraction of diaphragmExplanation
The rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on factors such as diffusion distance and the molecular weight and solubility of the gases. These factors affect the efficiency of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane. However, the force of contraction of the diaphragm is not directly related to the rate of gas exchange. The diaphragm is responsible for controlling the process of inhalation and exhalation, but it does not directly impact the rate at which gas molecules diffuse across the respiratory membrane.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport?
- A.
Dissolved in plasma as a gas
- B.
Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions
- C.
Diffusion
Correct Answer
B. Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ionsExplanation
The dominant method of carbon dioxide transport is through its dissolution in plasma as bicarbonate ions. This process occurs in the red blood cells, where carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid. This acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate ions are transported in the plasma to the lungs, where they are converted back into carbon dioxide for exhalation. This method allows for efficient transport of carbon dioxide in the blood, as bicarbonate ions are highly soluble and can be easily transported throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 25.
When blood pH drops then the amount of oxyhemoglobin _______ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells ________________.
- A.
Increases, decreases
- B.
Decreases, increases
- C.
Decreases, decreases
Correct Answer
B. Decreases, increasesExplanation
When blood pH drops, it causes a decrease in the amount of oxyhemoglobin. This is because a lower pH indicates a higher concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood, which can bind to hemoglobin and displace oxygen molecules. As a result, less oxygen is able to bind to hemoglobin and be transported to the tissue cells, leading to a decrease in oxygen delivery.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen?
- A.
Amount of oxygen available
- B.
Temperature
- C.
Respiratory rate
Correct Answer
C. Respiratory rateExplanation
Respiratory rate does not affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen is primarily determined by the partial pressure of oxygen in the surrounding environment. The amount of oxygen available and the temperature can both influence the partial pressure of oxygen, thus affecting hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. However, respiratory rate, which refers to the number of breaths per minute, does not directly impact the partial pressure of oxygen and therefore does not affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which is not a major function of the kidney?
- A.
Regulation of blood ionic composition
- B.
regulation of blood cell size
- C.
regulation of blood volume
Correct Answer
B. regulation of blood cell sizeExplanation
The kidney is responsible for regulating the blood's ionic composition and volume. It filters waste products and excess ions from the blood, maintaining the balance of electrolytes in the body. However, the kidney does not play a major role in regulating blood cell size. This function is primarily controlled by the bone marrow, where red blood cells are produced and regulated. Therefore, regulation of blood cell size is not a major function of the kidney.Rate this question:
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- 28.
This is the formation of a new glucose molecule.
- A.
Glycolysis
- B.
Gluconeogenesis
- C.
Glucosamine
Correct Answer
B. GluconeogenesisExplanation
Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol. This process occurs mainly in the liver and kidneys when glucose levels are low, such as during fasting or intense exercise. In gluconeogenesis, new glucose molecules are formed to maintain blood sugar levels and provide energy to the body. Glycolysis, on the other hand, is the breakdown of glucose to produce energy. Glucosamine is a compound involved in the synthesis of proteins and other molecules, but it is not directly related to the formation of glucose.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?
- A.
Urea
- B.
Glucose
- C.
Insulin
Correct Answer
A. UreaExplanation
Urea is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys. It is formed in the liver as a result of the breakdown of proteins and is then transported to the kidneys for excretion. The kidneys filter urea from the blood and eliminate it through urine. Glucose is not a waste product but a type of sugar used by the body for energy. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels and is not excreted by the kidneys.Rate this question:
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- 30.
This is the smooth dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter.
- A.
Adipose capsule
- B.
Renal capsule
- C.
Renal hilus
Correct Answer
B. Renal capsuleExplanation
The renal capsule is the smooth dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the kidney. It is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter, which is the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder. The renal capsule provides protection and support to the kidney, helping to maintain its shape and structure.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the
- A.
Renal columns
- B.
Renal medulla
- C.
Renal pelvis
Correct Answer
A. Renal columnsExplanation
The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the renal columns. These columns are made up of cortical tissue and they separate the renal pyramids. They serve to provide support and stability to the kidney structure. The renal columns also contain blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the surrounding tissues.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which is the correct order of blood flow?
- A.
Renal artery-segmental artery-interlobular artery-peritubular capillaries- afferent arterioles
- B.
Interlobular arteries-arcuate arteries-glomerular capillaries-arcuate veins
- C.
Arcuate veins-arcuate arteries- glomerular capillaries- renal vein
Correct Answer
B. Interlobular arteries-arcuate arteries-glomerular capillaries-arcuate veins -
- 33.
Which is the correct order of filtrate flow?
- A.
Glomerular capsule, Proximal Convoluted tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT), Collecting duct
- B.
Loop of Henle, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, Collecting duct
- C.
Ascending limb of Loop, PCT, DCT, Collecting duct
Correct Answer
A. Glomerular capsule, Proximal Convoluted tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT), Collecting ductExplanation
The correct order of filtrate flow starts with the glomerular capsule, where the initial filtration of blood occurs. The filtrate then moves into the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT), where reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients takes place. Next, the filtrate enters the Loop of Henle, which is responsible for establishing a concentration gradient in the kidney. After the Loop of Henle, the filtrate moves into the Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT), where further reabsorption and secretion occur. Finally, the filtrate enters the Collecting Duct, which plays a role in the final concentration of urine.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances?
- A.
Ascending limb
- B.
Collecting duct
- C.
Proximal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer
C. Proximal convoluted tubuleExplanation
The proximal convoluted tubule is responsible for reabsorbing the majority of substances in the nephron. It is located immediately after the glomerulus and is highly specialized for reabsorption. The cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule have numerous microvilli, increasing the surface area available for reabsorption. This structure is involved in reabsorbing important substances such as glucose, amino acids, ions, and water, as well as secreting certain waste products. Overall, the proximal convoluted tubule plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of substances in the body by reabsorbing the majority of filtered substances.Rate this question:
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- 35.
This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood.
- A.
Glomerular capsule
- B.
Loop of Henle
- C.
Ascending limb
Correct Answer
A. Glomerular capsuleExplanation
The glomerular capsule is the structure in the nephron that filters blood. It is responsible for the initial filtration of blood, where waste products, excess ions, and water are removed from the blood and enter the nephron for further processing. The glomerular capsule surrounds the glomerulus, a network of capillaries, and helps to capture and collect the filtrate from the blood. This filtrate will then pass through the rest of the nephron, including the loop of Henle and the ascending limb, for reabsorption and secretion processes before being excreted as urine.Rate this question:
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- 36.
This term means the entry of substances into the body from the filtrate.
- A.
Reabsorption
- B.
filtration
- C.
Secretion
Correct Answer
A. ReabsorptionExplanation
Reabsorption refers to the process of substances being taken back into the body from the filtrate. This suggests that the substances are being reabsorbed and returned to the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 37.
This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate.
- A.
Reabsorption
- B.
Filtration
- C.
secretion
Correct Answer
C. secretionExplanation
Secretion is the process in which substances from the blood are actively transported into the already formed filtrate in the nephron. This process allows for the elimination of waste products, such as drugs or metabolic byproducts, from the body. It also plays a role in maintaining the balance of electrolytes and pH in the body. Reabsorption, on the other hand, is the process of moving substances from the filtrate back into the blood, while filtration is the initial process of separating substances from the blood to form the filtrate.Rate this question:
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- 38.
This layer of filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix.
- A.
Glomerular endothelial cells
- B.
Basal lamina
- C.
Pedicels
Correct Answer
B. Basal laminaExplanation
The basal lamina is a layer of the filtration membrane in the glomerulus that is made up of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix. It acts as a physical barrier, preventing the passage of large molecules such as proteins, while allowing smaller molecules and ions to pass through. This layer helps in the filtration process by selectively allowing certain substances to be filtered and retained in the glomerulus while preventing others from passing through.Rate this question:
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- 39.
This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles.
- A.
Glomerular filtration rate
- B.
Tubulomerular feedback
- C.
Myogenic mechanism
Correct Answer
C. Myogenic mechanismExplanation
The myogenic mechanism refers to the ability of smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent arterioles to contract or relax in response to changes in blood pressure. When stretching occurs, it triggers the contraction of these smooth muscle walls, leading to a decrease in blood flow to the glomerulus. This mechanism helps to regulate and maintain a constant glomerular filtration rate, ensuring that the kidneys are able to effectively filter waste products from the blood.Rate this question:
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- 40.
This is when a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical membrane then across the cytosol into the interstitial fluid.
- A.
Paracellular reabsoprtion
- B.
Transcellular reabsoprtion
- C.
Apical reasborption
Correct Answer
B. Transcellular reabsoprtionExplanation
Transcellular reabsorption refers to the process in which a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical membrane, across the cytosol, and into the interstitial fluid. This involves the substance crossing both the apical and basolateral membranes of the epithelial cells lining the tubules. Paracellular reabsorption, on the other hand, occurs when a substance passes between adjacent cells through the tight junctions. Apical reabsorption specifically refers to the movement of a substance across the apical membrane only. Therefore, the correct answer is transcellular reabsorption.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Once fluid enters the proximal convoluted tubule:
- A.
It is less dense
- B.
it has a higher K+ concentration
- C.
It is called tubular fluid
Correct Answer
C. It is called tubular fluidExplanation
Once fluid enters the proximal convoluted tubule, it undergoes several changes. It becomes less dense due to the reabsorption of water and solutes. Additionally, the concentration of K+ ions increases in the tubule fluid as some of it is reabsorbed along with other substances. These changes contribute to the transformation of the fluid into tubular fluid, which is the term used to describe the fluid present in the renal tubules.Rate this question:
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- 42.
The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb what percentage of filtered water?
- A.
25%
- B.
50%
- C.
65%
Correct Answer
C. 65%Explanation
The proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for reabsorbing water from the filtrate in the kidney. This process allows the body to retain water and prevent excessive loss through urine. The correct answer of 65% suggests that a significant amount of filtered water is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubules, indicating their crucial role in maintaining water balance in the body.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which of the following is a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys?
- A.
It increases GFR
- B.
It can decrease GFR
- C.
It enhances reabsorption of certain ions
Correct Answer
A. It increases GFRExplanation
Angiotensin II is a hormone that constricts blood vessels and stimulates the release of aldosterone, which increases sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. This increased reabsorption leads to an increase in blood volume and subsequently an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the rate at which blood is filtered by the kidneys. Therefore, angiotensin II increases GFR.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Urea recycling can cause a buildup of urea in the
- A.
Ascending tubule
- B.
Renal medulla
- C.
Renal pelvis
Correct Answer
B. Renal medullaExplanation
Urea recycling refers to the process in which urea is reabsorbed from the collecting ducts back into the renal medulla. This occurs in the ascending tubule of the nephron. As a result, a buildup of urea can occur in the renal medulla. Therefore, the correct answer is renal medulla.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Increased secretion of Hydrogen ions would result in a ______________ of blood ____________?
- A.
Increase, sodium levels
- B.
Decrease, pH
- C.
Increase, urea
Correct Answer
B. Decrease, pHExplanation
Increased secretion of Hydrogen ions would result in a decrease in blood pH. Hydrogen ions are acidic, so an increase in their secretion would make the blood more acidic, leading to a decrease in pH.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Increased secretion of Aldosterone would result in a ______________ of blood ____________?
- A.
increase, calcium levels
- B.
Decrease, pH
- C.
Increase, sodium
Correct Answer
C. Increase, sodiumExplanation
Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in an increase in blood sodium levels. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates sodium and potassium levels in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium, leading to an increase in blood sodium levels. This helps to maintain fluid balance and blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 47.
The ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to
- A.
Urea
- B.
water
- C.
albumin
Correct Answer
B. waterExplanation
The ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to water. This means that water cannot pass through the walls of the ascending loop of Henle and be reabsorbed into the bloodstream. Instead, the ascending loop actively pumps sodium and chloride ions out of the tubule, creating a concentration gradient that allows for the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts later on. This impermeability to water is an important mechanism in the kidney's ability to regulate water balance and concentrate urine.Rate this question:
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- 48.
An analysis of the physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine is called:
- A.
Urinalysis
- B.
Filtration study
- C.
Concentration study
Correct Answer
A. UrinalysisExplanation
Urinalysis refers to the examination and evaluation of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine. It involves analyzing the color, odor, pH level, specific gravity, and presence of various substances such as glucose, protein, red and white blood cells, bacteria, and crystals. This comprehensive assessment helps in diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions like urinary tract infections, kidney diseases, diabetes, and dehydration. Therefore, urinalysis is the correct term for the analysis of urine properties.Rate this question:
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- 49.
This is a test to measure kidney function.
- A.
Plasma creatinine
- B.
Renal study
- C.
Kidney assay
Correct Answer
A. Plasma creatinineExplanation
Plasma creatinine is a correct answer because it is a common test used to measure kidney function. Creatinine is a waste product that is produced by the muscles and filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. The level of creatinine in the blood can indicate how well the kidneys are functioning. A high level of creatinine may suggest kidney damage or dysfunction, while a low level may indicate good kidney function. Therefore, measuring plasma creatinine is a reliable way to assess kidney function.Rate this question:
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- 50.
This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.
- A.
Urethra
- B.
Ureter
- C.
Descending loop of Henle
Correct Answer
B. UreterExplanation
The ureter is the correct answer because it is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. The urethra, on the other hand, carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The descending loop of Henle is a part of the nephron in the kidney and is responsible for reabsorbing water and electrolytes.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 16, 2010Quiz Created by
Sab1217
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