Ankle Joint Quiz

PF 50 degrees
Dorsiflexion 20 degrees

The presence of discolored and painful feet in a patient with ankle and foot complaints is considered a red flag. This term is used in medical contexts to indicate a symptom or finding that may suggest a serious or potentially life-threatening condition. In this case, it suggests that there may be an underlying issue that requires immediate attention and evaluation by a healthcare professional.

The correct answer is anterior talo-fibular, posterior talo-fibular, calcaneo-fibular. These ligaments are located on the lateral side of the ankle and provide stability to the joint. The anterior talo-fibular ligament connects the talus bone to the fibula, the posterior talo-fibular ligament connects the talus to the fibula at the back of the ankle, and the calcaneo-fibular ligament connects the calcaneus bone to the fibula. Together, these ligaments help to prevent excessive inversion (rolling inward) of the ankle, which is a common mechanism of injury.

Plantar flexion of the foot causes the ATFL to become parallel with the axis of the foot and become taut

Ankle sprains occur when the ligaments surrounding the ankle joint are stretched or torn. The mechanism of injury refers to the specific movement or force that causes the sprain. In this case, plantarflexion and inversion are the correct mechanisms. Plantarflexion refers to pointing the foot downwards, while inversion refers to rolling the foot inward. These movements can put excessive stress on the ligaments on the outer side of the ankle, leading to a sprain.

A grade II ankle sprain is characterized by moderate laxity with the anterior drawer test, which indicates that there is some looseness or movement in the ankle joint. This is accompanied by moderate swelling, which suggests that there is inflammation and fluid accumulation in the area. The combination of laxity and swelling indicates that there is some damage to the ligaments in the ankle, but the instability is not severe enough to classify it as a grade III sprain.

peroneus longus, tibialis posterior - eversion

extensor digitorum longus- dorsiflexion at subtalar joint only

In adduction checks CFL instability, in abduction- deltoind ligament

The correct answer is "tissue stretch". When performing passive range of motion in the ankle joint, a normal finding would be a "tissue stretch" end feel. This means that as the joint is moved, there is a resistance felt due to the stretching of the surrounding soft tissues, such as ligaments and muscles. This is a normal and expected sensation during passive movement of the ankle joint.

Anterior drawer test checks integrity of both medial and collateral ligaments

External rotation of the foot on the leg causes the talus to press against the lateral malleolus. This rotational movement first affects the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament of the syndesmos

The ligaments that connect the fibula to the tibia and calcaneus are the Anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament, Posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament, and Transverse tibiofibular ligament. These ligaments provide stability to the ankle joint and help to maintain the alignment of the tibia and fibula bones. The Anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament connects the front of the fibula to the tibia, while the Posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament connects the back of the fibula to the tibia. The Transverse tibiofibular ligament runs horizontally between the tibia and fibula, helping to hold them together.

The external rotation test is the most sensitive test for a syndesmosis injury. This test involves externally rotating the ankle while applying a downward force on the leg. If pain or increased gapping is felt at the syndesmosis, it indicates a positive test for a syndesmosis injury. This test is considered highly sensitive because it has a high likelihood of correctly identifying a syndesmosis injury when it is present.

PTFL, ATFL CFL - stabilizers of lateral ankle , but CFL most taut in DF and inversion
ATFL - most taut in DF and inversion

Symptomatic ankle sprains that persist for more than 6 weeks are considered a red flag. This means that they indicate a potential underlying problem or complication. Chronic ankle sprains can lead to long-term instability and may require further medical intervention. The term "red flag" is commonly used in healthcare to signify a warning sign that should not be ignored.