A Quiz On Angiosperms

Explanation
A fruit is a mature ovary. This means that after a flower is pollinated, the ovary in the flower develops into a fruit. The ovary contains the seeds of the plant, and as it matures, it undergoes changes such as growth, ripening, and the development of a protective outer layer. The fruit is the structure that surrounds and protects the seeds, allowing for dispersal and reproduction of the plant.

Explanation
The pericarp is the correct answer because it refers to the three regions of a fruit, namely the exocarp (outermost layer), mesocarp (middle layer), and endocarp (innermost layer). These regions together make up the pericarp, which protects the seeds and aids in seed dispersal.

Explanation
The endocarp refers to the inner boundary around the seed. This is the layer that surrounds and protects the seed within a fruit. It is typically hard and tough, providing a barrier against external factors and ensuring the seed's safety. The endocarp plays a crucial role in seed dispersal and germination, as it helps to maintain the integrity and viability of the seed until it is ready to grow into a new plant.

Explanation
The term "exocarp" refers to the outermost layer of the skin of a fruit. It is the part that is visible and can be touched or felt. The exocarp protects the fruit from external factors such as pests, diseases, and physical damage. It also helps in the process of seed dispersal by attracting animals or aiding in wind dispersal. Therefore, the exocarp is the correct answer as it accurately describes the outer skin of the fruit.

Explanation
Dehiscent refers to a type of fruit where the tissues of the mature ovary wall break open, allowing the seeds to be released. This means that the fruit opens up naturally to disperse its seeds.

Explanation
The term "simple" refers to the general fruit type where most fruits develop from a single flower with only one pistil. This means that the fruit is derived from a single ovary and does not have any additional structures fused together. In contrast, there are also compound fruits where multiple pistils or multiple flowers contribute to the formation of the fruit. However, in this case, the question specifically asks for the general fruit type, which is simple.

Explanation
The name given to the ovary wall is pericarp. This structure thickens and becomes differentiated into distinct layers.

Explanation
Aggregate is the correct answer because this term refers to a fruit that develops from a single flower with multiple pistils. In this type of fruit, each pistil develops into a small individual fruit, and all these fruits are clustered together to form a larger fruit structure. Examples of fruits that fall under this category include raspberries and blackberries, where each small juicy segment is derived from a separate pistil within a single flower.

Explanation
A pome is a highly specialized fleshy fruit that is derived from a compound inferior ovary. In this type of fruit, the fleshy portion comes largely from the enlarged base of the perianth. This means that the fruit is formed from the base of the flower, rather than the ovary itself. Examples of pome fruits include apples and pears.

Explanation
A berry is a type of fleshy fruit that typically has one to several carpels, each of which is usually many seeded. Berries are characterized by their soft and juicy texture, as well as their small seeds that are embedded within the fruit's flesh. Examples of berries include strawberries, blueberries, and grapes.

Explanation
In some species, the ovaries of multiple distinct flowers fuse together to form one fruit. This type of fruit is known as a multiple fruit.

Explanation
Indehiscent refers to a type of fruit where the seeds remain inside the fruit even after it has been shed from the parent plant. This means that the fruit does not split open or release the seeds upon maturity. Instead, the seeds are retained within the fruit, either enclosed or embedded in the fruit tissue. Examples of indehiscent fruits include nuts, grains, and certain types of berries.

Explanation
A drupe is a type of fleshy fruit that typically has one to several carpels, with each carpel usually containing only a single seed. In a drupe, the outer layer of the fruit is usually fleshy, while the inner layer, called the endocarp, surrounds the seed. Examples of drupes include peaches, plums, and cherries.

Explanation
Seedless fruits generally possess three sets of chromosomes, which is represented by the ploidy value of 3N. This means that the cells of seedless fruits have three complete sets of chromosomes, instead of the usual two sets found in most organisms. This extra set of chromosomes is often the result of genetic manipulation or hybridization techniques used to create seedless varieties. The presence of this additional set of chromosomes disrupts the normal development of seeds, resulting in the formation of seedless fruits.

Explanation
Anthophyta is the correct answer because it is the phylum that includes flowering plants, which are the primary source of fruits found in grocery stores. Flowering plants produce fruits as a means of seed dispersal, and these fruits are often consumed by humans. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that most fruits found in grocery stores are derived from plants belonging to the phylum Anthophyta.

Explanation
An accessory fruit is a type of fruit where some additional parts, such as the receptacle or floral parts, are retained and become part of the fruit structure. This means that these additional parts contribute to the overall structure of the fruit. Examples of accessory fruits include strawberries, where the fleshy part is derived from the receptacle, and apples, where the fleshy part is derived from the floral tube and receptacle.