Anatomy Unit 4 Exam Practice

The _____ has no body or spinous process and is ring-like. 

• Atlas

• Axis

• C2

• C4

The ala of the sacrum are technically remnants of what?

• Articular processes

• Transverse processes

• Costal facets

• Dorsal roots

The ______ suture separates the frontal bone from the parietal bone and the ________ suture separates the parietal bone from the temporal bone. 

• Coronal, squamous

• Squamous, coronal

• Sagittal, coronal

• Coronal, sagittal

The lambdoid suture separates the parietal from the occipital bone? 

• True

• False

The _______  ligament acts to limit extension and prevent hyperextension of the spine, while the _________ ligament acts to limit flexion and prevent hyperflexion of the spine.  They both commonly act to stabilize the IV discs. 

• Anterior longitudinal, posterior longitudinal

• Posterior longitudinal, anterior longitudinal

• Intertransverse, interspinous

• Interspinous, intertransverse

All of the following ligaments of the spine limit flexion, EXCEPT: 

• Interspinous

• Supraspinous

• Ligamenta flava

• Anterior longitudinal

This ligament preserves the curvature of the vertebral column and protects the IV discs: 

• Supraspinous

• Ligamenta flava

• Ligamentum nuchae

• Interspinous

The ______ ligament arches across the ring of the atlas to keep the dens in place with the atlas, while the ____ ligament courses laterally from the dens to attach on the medial aspect of the occipital condyles. 

• Cruciate, Check

• Alar, Cruciate

• Check, Alar

• Cruciate, Cervical

The ______ gives the IV disc the ability to be both elastic and compressible, while the _______strengthens it. 

• Annulus fibrosis, Nucleus pulposus

• Nucleus pulposus, Annulus fibrosis

This muscle functions to elevate the hyoid bone during speaking or swallowing and is innervated by CN V3. 

• Anterior Digastric

• Posterior Digastric

• Omohyoid

• Stylohyoid

The infrahyoid muscles are innervated by ________ and receive their blood supply from _________. 

• Ansa cervicalis, facial artery

• Facial nerve, facial artery

• Ansa cervicalis, superior thyroid artery

• Facial nerve, superior thyroid artery

What are the contents of the carotid sheath? Check all that apply.

• Internal Jugular Vein

• Common carotid artery

• Vagus nerve

• Ansa cervicalis

• Phrenic nerve

• External Jugular Vein

The cervical plexus consists of ______ spinal nerves.  The superior loop of the ansa cervicalis consists of ____ spinal nerves, while the inferior loop consists of ______ spinal nerves, 

• C1-C4; C3; C2-C4

• C3-C5; C2; C1-C3

• C1-C4; C1; C2-C3

• C1-C4; C2; C1-C3

The muscles of facial expression are innervated by _______, while the muscles of mastication are innervated by _____. 

• CN V3, CN VII

• CN VII, CN V3

• CN VIII, CN V2

• CN V2, CN VII

Which salivary gland is innervated by CN IX?

• Submandibular

• Sublingual

• Parotid

• Lacrimal

This endocrine gland is found at the level of C5-T1 and secretes hormones that play a role in protein synthesis and calcium absorption. 

• Thyroid

• Parotid

• Adrenal

• Salivary

The _______ provides blood to the muscles and structures superficial to the cranium and has several branches, while the _______ provides blood to the cranium and brain. 

• Internal carotid, external carotid

• Subclavian, internal carotid

• External carotid, internal carotid

• Internal jugular, external jugular

The most inferior branch of the external carotid is the ________.  The most superior branch of the external carotid is the _______. 

• Superior thyroid, superficial temporal

• Ascending pharyngeal, superficial temporal

• Superficial temporal, superior thyroid

• Ascending pharyngeal, lingual

The spinal cord is a continuation of the medulla oblongata that exits the skull through the _________ and ends at the level of _______, where the _______, a tapering of the spinal cord to a narrow, cone-shape is found. 

• Foramen magnum, L1/L2, medullary cone

• Jugular foramen, L1/L2, conus medullaris

• Foramen magnum, L2/L3, medullary cone

• Foramen magnum, L1/L2, cauda equina

The most superficial of the meninges is the: 

• Pia mater

• Arachnoid mater

• Dura mater

• Filum terminale

In a cross section of the spinal cord, the peripheral white portion consists of ________forming nerve tracts, and the central gray portion consists of ________. 

• Axons, neuron cell bodies

• Neuron cell bodies, axons

The anterior (ventral) horn of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of _______, while the posterior (dorsal) horn of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of ________. 

• Motor neurons, sensory neurons

• Sensory neurons, motor neurons

All but which cranial nerves associate at the brain stem?

• CN I and CN III

• CN II and CN IV

• CN I and CN II

• CN II and CN III

A pt comes into the ER with a cut above his left eyebrow. You decide the patient is going to need a few stitches and want to use a local anesthetic to ease the pain.  What nerve needs to be blocked in order for this to work?

• CN V1

• CN V2

• CN V3

• CN IX

_______ originates in the superior colliculus of the midbrain, which supplies the __________ fibers, and the ________ nucleus, which supplies the parasympathetic effect fibers. 

• CN III, somatic efferent, Edinger-Westphal

• CN IV, somatic efferent, Edinger-Westphal

• CN III, somatic afferent, Edinger-Westphal

• CN IV, somatic afferent, Edinger-Westphal

The __________ fibers of CN III go on to supply the sphincter pupillae of the iris and ciliary muscle of the ciliary body, while the ________ fibers go on to supply most of the extraocular muscles. 

• Parasympathetic efferent, somatic efferent

• Somatic efferent, parasympathetic efferent

The cochlear portion of CN VIII is responsive to the inner hair cells of organ of Corti, while the vestibular portion is responsive to the vestibular system of inner ear (semicircular canals, utricle, sacule). 

• True

• False

The majority of spinal cord injuries are a result from road-traffic accidents. 

• True

• False

The dorsal nuclei of CN X supplies the parasympathetic fibers to the ________, the nucleus ambiguous of CN X supplies the parasympathetic fibers to the ______, and the solitary nucleus supplies the afferents of_________. 

• Heart; GI; Taste & Visceral organs

• GI; Heart; Taste & Visceral organs

• Taste & Visceral organs; GI; Heart

• GI; Taste & Visceral organs; Heart

This artery is a branch of the subclavian and passes through the transverse foramen and the foramen magnum into the skull, where two branches converge to form the basilar artery. 

• Vertebral

• Internal Carotid

• External Carotid

• Middle cerebral

A(n) _________ stroke is a type of _______ stroke that results in the spilling of blood into cerebral tissue, causing deprivation to tissues upstream of the ruptured blood vessel. 

• Intracerebral, hemorrhagic

• Embolic, ischemic

• Subarachnoid, hemorrhagic

• TIA, ischemic

A(n) _______ stroke is a type of ______ stroke that results in sudden and severe headaches caused by the spilling of blood into the subarachnoid space. 

• Subarachnoid, hemorrhagic

• Intracerebral, hemorrhagic

• Embolic, hemorrhagic

• Thrombolic, ischemic

All of the following nerves are associated with the eye EXCEPT

• CN II

• CN IV

• CN VI

• CN III

• CN VIII

Irregularities of what part of the eye is associated with astigmatism?

• Choroid

• Cornea

• Iris

• Macula lutea

This portion of the eye contains the fovea centralis, which is the highest point of focus in the eye. 

• Macula Lutea

• Retina

• Choroid

• Sclera

All of the following originate from the nuchal ligament, EXCEPT:

• Trapezius

• Rhomboid Major

• Rhomboid Minor

• Serratus Posterior Superior

• Splenius Capitis

All of the following insert on the mastoid process, EXCEPT:

• Sternocleidomastoid

• Longissimus

• Splenius Capitis

• Splenius Cervicis

The meningeal layer of dura mater may separate from the _______ layer, creating _________, known as falx cerebri, falx cerebeli, and tentorium cerebelli. 

• Cerebral, dural infoldings

• Periosteal, dural infoldings

• Parietal, pia mater

• Frontal, pia mater

________ is the nervous system's response to an increase in cranial pressure, leading to ______, widening of pulse pressure, bradycardia, and irregular breathing.

• Cushing's Reflex, Cushing's Triad

• Cushing's Traid, Cushing's Reflex

_________ of the midbrain controls movement of head and neck in response to visual stimuli, while the ______ controls movement of head and neck in response to auditory stimuli. 

• Superior colliculus, inferior colliculus

• Inferior colliculus, superior colliculus

BONUS! What is the largest bone in the leg?

Focusing on a near object, the ciliary muscles ______ while the suspensory ligaments ______.

• Contract, relax

• Relax, contract

• Contract, contract

• Relax, relax