AICP Certification Exam! Hardest Trivia Quiz

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  • 1/82 Questions

    What movement is Washington, D.C. an example of?

    • Public Health
    • City Beautiful
    • City Efficient
    • Garden City
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About This Quiz

Challenge your knowledge with the AICP Certification Exam! Hardest Trivia Quiz. Test your understanding of demographics, urban trends, and housing data from historical and recent U. S. Statistics. Essential for urban planners and policy makers.

AICP Certification Exam! Hardest Trivia Quiz - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Who was the father of city planning?

    • Patrick Geddes

    • Daniel Burnham

    • Etzioni

    • Saul Alinsky

    Correct Answer
    A. Daniel Burnham
    Explanation
    Daniel Burnham is considered the father of city planning because of his influential work in urban planning and architecture during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was a prominent American architect and urban designer who played a key role in the development of several major cities, including Chicago and Washington, D.C. Burnham's most notable project was the Plan of Chicago, which laid out a comprehensive vision for the city's growth and development. His ideas and principles continue to influence urban planning practices to this day.

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  • 3. 

    One half of the Hispanic population lived in what two states in 2000?

    • NY and FL

    • CA and FL

    • TX and CA

    • TX and NY

    Correct Answer
    A. TX and CA
    Explanation
    In 2000, the Hispanic population was divided between different states in the United States. The correct answer is TX and CA, which stands for Texas and California. These two states had the highest concentration of Hispanic residents compared to the other options provided (NY and FL, CA and FL, and TX and NY).

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  • 4. 

    Cohort survival is the method of choice among demographers for studying population change?

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Cohort survival is a widely preferred method among demographers for studying population change because it allows for the analysis of specific groups of individuals over time. By tracking the survival and characteristics of a cohort (a group of individuals born during the same time period), demographers can gain insights into factors such as mortality rates, fertility patterns, and migration trends. This approach provides a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of population dynamics compared to other methods, making it the method of choice for studying population change.

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  • 5. 

    Which factor is not used for population projection?

    • Birth Rate

    • Voter Registration

    • Death Rate

    • Migration

    Correct Answer
    A. Voter Registration
    Explanation
    Population projection is the process of estimating the future population size based on various factors such as birth rate, death rate, and migration. Voter registration, on the other hand, is not a factor that is used for population projection. Voter registration is the process of registering individuals to vote in an election and is not directly related to estimating population size.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following is true about the holding of the landmark law case Village of Euclid v Ambler Realty Co?

    • It established use of eminent domain

    • It upheld zoning as constitutional

    • It led to the State Zoning Enabling Act

    • It led to the Model Land Development Code

    Correct Answer
    A. It upheld zoning as constitutional
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the Village of Euclid v Ambler Realty Co case upheld zoning as constitutional. This means that the court ruled that local governments have the authority to regulate land use through zoning laws, and that such laws are not in violation of the Constitution. This decision set a precedent for future zoning regulations and affirmed the power of local governments to control property use and development.

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  • 7. 

    What concept is Ebenezer Howard associated with?

    • City Beautiful

    • PUD

    • CIP

    • Garden City

    Correct Answer
    A. Garden City
    Explanation
    Ebenezer Howard is associated with the concept of Garden City. He developed the idea of creating planned communities that would combine the benefits of both urban and rural living. The Garden City concept aimed to provide residents with access to nature, green spaces, and fresh air while also offering the convenience and amenities of a city. Howard's vision included carefully designed layouts, self-contained communities, and a balance between housing, industry, and agriculture. The Garden City concept has had a significant influence on urban planning and continues to inspire sustainable and livable city designs today.

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  • 8. 

    Who was the father of advocacy planning?

    • Burgess

    • Hoyt

    • Davidoff

    • Christaller

    Correct Answer
    A. Davidoff
    Explanation
    Davidoff is considered the father of advocacy planning because he introduced the concept and approach of advocacy planning in the field of urban planning. He emphasized the importance of involving communities and stakeholders in the planning process, and advocated for planners to actively advocate for the needs and interests of marginalized groups. Davidoff's ideas and contributions have had a significant influence on the development of advocacy planning as a planning approach.

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  • 9. 

    What was Saul Alinsky known for?

    • Incrementalism

    • Equity

    • Community Organization

    • Transportation Oriented Design

    Correct Answer
    A. Community Organization
    Explanation
    Saul Alinsky was known for his work in community organization. He was a prominent American community organizer and writer who developed strategies for empowering marginalized communities to advocate for their rights and bring about social change. Alinsky emphasized the importance of building strong grassroots organizations and mobilizing people to address social and economic inequalities. His book, "Rules for Radicals," remains a significant resource for community organizers and activists today.

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  • 10. 

    1) Problem identification2) Generation of alternatives3) Selection4) Implementation5) EvaluationThese are all elements of this planning theory:

    • Synoptic

    • Incremental

    • Radical

    Correct Answer
    A. Synoptic
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Synoptic. The elements of problem identification, generation of alternatives, selection, implementation, and evaluation all align with the synoptic planning theory. Synoptic planning emphasizes a comprehensive and systematic approach to planning, involving thorough problem analysis, consideration of multiple alternatives, careful selection of the best option, effective implementation, and evaluation of the outcomes. This approach allows for a more holistic and strategic planning process.

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  • 11. 

    Who was the father of modern ecology?

    • Krumholz

    • Lindblom

    • McHarg

    • Davidoff

    Correct Answer
    A. McHarg
    Explanation
    Ian McHarg is considered the father of modern ecology. He was a Scottish landscape architect and writer who revolutionized the field of ecological planning and design. McHarg's book "Design with Nature" published in 1969, introduced the concept of using ecological principles to guide land use planning and design. He emphasized the importance of understanding and preserving natural systems in order to create sustainable and harmonious environments. McHarg's work had a profound influence on the development of ecological thinking and practices in the field of landscape architecture and ecology.

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  • 12. 

    What was Lindblom known for?

    • Mixed Scanning

    • Transactive Planning

    • Central Place Theory

    • Incrementalism

    Correct Answer
    A. Incrementalism
    Explanation
    Lindblom was known for his theory of incrementalism. Incrementalism suggests that decision-making and policy-making should be done in small, gradual steps rather than through radical or drastic changes. It emphasizes the importance of considering existing policies and making small adjustments based on feedback and evaluation. This approach allows for flexibility and adaptability in decision-making processes, as well as the ability to learn from experience and make improvements over time.

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  • 13. 

    The Burnham Plan for Chicago was released in what year?

    • 1900

    • 1908

    • 1909

    • 1912

    Correct Answer
    A. 1909
    Explanation
    The Burnham Plan for Chicago was released in 1909. This plan, also known as the Plan of Chicago, was a comprehensive urban plan for the city of Chicago, Illinois. It was created by architects Daniel Burnham and Edward H. Bennett, with the goal of improving the city's infrastructure, transportation, and public spaces. The plan proposed the creation of a network of parks, the improvement of the lakefront, the development of a system of boulevards, and the construction of iconic buildings and monuments. The Burnham Plan had a significant impact on the development and growth of Chicago in the following years.

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  • 14. 

    Who was the father of regional planning?

    • Edward Bassett

    • Daniel Burnham

    • Ian McHarg

    • Patrick Geddes

    Correct Answer
    A. Patrick Geddes
    Explanation
    Patrick Geddes is considered the father of regional planning because he was one of the first to advocate for a holistic approach to urban planning that takes into account the social, economic, and environmental aspects of a region. Geddes believed in the importance of understanding the unique characteristics and needs of a place before designing any development or infrastructure. He emphasized the integration of nature and culture, and his ideas greatly influenced the field of urban planning, making him a key figure in the history of regional planning.

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  • 15. 

    Who is the father of the modern housing code?

    • Lawrence Veiller

    • Patrick Geddes

    • Edward Bassett

    • Daniel Burnham

    Correct Answer
    A. Lawrence Veiller
    Explanation
    Lawrence Veiller is considered the father of the modern housing code because of his significant contributions to housing reform in the early 20th century. He was a social reformer and advocate for better living conditions for the poor. Veiller played a crucial role in the development and implementation of the New York Tenement House Act of 1901, which established minimum standards for housing conditions. His work laid the foundation for future housing codes and regulations, making him a key figure in the history of housing reform.

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  • 16. 

    Cities have the right to police power, regardless of the actions or decisions of the state or federal government?

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The statement is false because cities do not have unlimited or absolute police power. The actions and decisions of the state or federal government can limit or override the authority of cities. Cities operate within the framework of laws and regulations set by higher levels of government, and they cannot exercise power that goes against these laws or infringes on the rights of individuals protected by the state or federal constitution. Therefore, cities do not have complete autonomy in exercising police power.

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  • 17. 

    What organization did Peter Calthorpe found?

    • Sierra Club

    • American Planning Association

    • Congress for New Urbanism

    • ASPO

    Correct Answer
    A. Congress for New Urbanism
    Explanation
    Peter Calthorpe founded the Congress for New Urbanism. The Congress for New Urbanism is an organization that promotes the development of walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods and sustainable communities. Calthorpe is a renowned urban planner and architect who has been influential in shaping urban design and advocating for sustainable development practices. The Congress for New Urbanism, under Calthorpe's leadership, has played a significant role in promoting and implementing these principles in urban planning and design.

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  • 18. 

    Who was the father of zoning?

    • Ian McHarg

    • Lawrence Veiller

    • Edward Bassett

    • Paul Davidoff

    Correct Answer
    A. Edward Bassett
    Explanation
    Edward Bassett is considered the father of zoning because he played a significant role in the development and implementation of the first comprehensive zoning ordinance in New York City in 1916. Bassett was a lawyer and city planner who recognized the need for regulating land use to promote public health, safety, and welfare. His work laid the foundation for modern zoning practices and influenced zoning laws in other cities across the United States.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following concepts was first upheld by Fred Finch Investing v City of New York?

    • Planned Unit Development

    • Transfer of Development Rights

    • Transit Oriented Development

    • Conservation Easements

    Correct Answer
    A. Transfer of Development Rights
    Explanation
    Fred Finch Investing v City of New York was a landmark case that established the concept of Transfer of Development Rights (TDR). TDR allows property owners to transfer their unused development rights to another property, which can then be used to increase the density or intensity of development on that property. This case confirmed the legality and validity of TDR as a planning tool, setting a precedent for future land use and zoning decisions.

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  • 20. 

    What concept did Penn Central Transportation v The City of New York first introduce?

    • PUD

    • Eminent Domain

    • TDR

    • Impact Fees

    Correct Answer
    A. TDR
    Explanation
    Penn Central Transportation v The City of New York first introduced the concept of Transfer of Development Rights (TDR). In this landmark case, the court ruled that the city's restriction on the development of the Grand Central Terminal violated Penn Central's property rights. The court recognized the TDR program as a means for the city to preserve historic landmarks while allowing property owners to transfer their development rights to other areas. TDR allows property owners to sell their unused development rights to developers who can then use them to increase the density or height of their projects in designated areas.

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  • 21. 

    Which region of the country has the highest percentage of home ownership?

    • Midwest

    • Northeast

    • South

    • Northwest

    • Southeast

    Correct Answer
    A. Midwest
    Explanation
    The Midwest region of the country has the highest percentage of home ownership. This could be because the Midwest is known for its affordable housing market, with lower median home prices compared to other regions. Additionally, the Midwest is home to many suburban areas and smaller cities, which tend to have higher rates of home ownership compared to urban areas.

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  • 22. 

    A rational decision is where the decision-maker selects the alternative with consequences that most probably minimizes the desired ends.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Maximizes

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  • 23. 

    Planning that focuses on the redistribution of power, resources or participation from the elite and to the poor and working class is known as

    • Environmental Racism

    • Radical Planning

    • Advocacy Planning

    • Equity Planning

    Correct Answer
    A. Equity Planning
    Explanation
    Equity planning refers to a type of planning that aims to redistribute power, resources, and participation from the elite to the poor and working class. It focuses on creating equal opportunities and reducing disparities among different social groups. This approach recognizes the need for social justice and aims to address systemic inequalities in urban development and resource allocation. By prioritizing the needs of marginalized communities and promoting inclusivity, equity planning seeks to create more equitable and just urban environments.

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  • 24. 

    The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) was adopted in what year?

    • 1962

    • 1968

    • 1972

    • 1978

    Correct Answer
    A. 1972
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 1972. The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) was adopted in 1972. This act was implemented to address the challenges and issues related to the management and protection of coastal areas in the United States. It aimed to promote sustainable development, protect natural resources, and balance the economic and environmental interests in coastal zones. The CZMA provided a framework for states to develop and implement their own coastal management programs, with the goal of ensuring the long-term health and vitality of coastal ecosystems.

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  • 25. 

    Transportation Demand Management strategies include all but?

    • Car pools

    • Expanding the number of lanes on a highway

    • Bicycle racks on buses

    • Guaranteed ride home program

    Correct Answer
    A. Expanding the number of lanes on a highway
    Explanation
    Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategies aim to reduce the demand for single-occupancy vehicles and promote alternative modes of transportation. Car pools, bicycle racks on buses, and guaranteed ride home programs are all examples of TDM strategies that encourage carpooling, cycling, and providing a safety net for commuters who use alternative modes of transportation. On the other hand, expanding the number of lanes on a highway does not fall under TDM strategies as it focuses on accommodating more vehicles rather than reducing their usage.

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  • 26. 

    What year was the Americans with Disabilities Act passed?

    • 1990

    • 1992

    • 1994

    • 1996

    Correct Answer
    A. 1990
    Explanation
    The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in 1990. This landmark legislation aims to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities by prohibiting discrimination and ensuring equal opportunities in various areas, including employment, public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications. The ADA has had a significant impact on improving accessibility and inclusivity for people with disabilities in the United States.

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  • 27. 

    Which of the following is not a symptomatic indicator?

    • Phone Hookups

    • Unemployment Rate

    • School Enrollment

    • Building Permits

    Correct Answer
    A. Unemployment Rate
    Explanation
    The unemployment rate is not a symptomatic indicator because it does not directly reflect any symptoms or signs of a specific condition or problem. It is a statistical measure that indicates the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment. Unlike the other options listed, such as phone hookups, school enrollment, and building permits, which can provide insights into various social, economic, or demographic conditions, the unemployment rate primarily reflects the state of the job market and the availability of employment opportunities.

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  • 28. 

    What rate is defined as the recorded live births in a year divided by the mid-year female population between the ages of 15 and 44 and is expressed as births per 1,000 persons?

    • Crude Birth Rate

    • General Fertility Rate

    • Age-Specific Fertility Rate

    • General Birth Rate

    Correct Answer
    A. General Fertility Rate
    Explanation
    The general fertility rate is the rate that measures the number of live births in a year per 1,000 women of reproductive age (typically between 15 and 44 years old). It provides an indication of the fertility level in a population and is commonly used to assess the reproductive health of a society. This rate takes into account the entire population of women within the reproductive age group, rather than focusing on specific age groups like the age-specific fertility rate. The crude birth rate, on the other hand, measures the number of live births in a year per 1,000 total population, without considering the specific age group of women.

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  • 29. 

    What does RLUIPA stand for?

    • Religious Land Use, Institutions and Persons Act

    • Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act

    • Religious Land Use and Institutional People Act

    • Religious Land Use, Institutions and People Act

    Correct Answer
    A. Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act." RLUIPA is a federal law that protects religious institutions and individuals from discrimination in land use and zoning regulations. It prohibits local governments from imposing burdensome regulations that substantially burden religious exercise, and provides legal remedies for individuals and religious organizations whose religious rights have been violated. The law aims to ensure that religious institutions and individuals have equal protection under the law when it comes to land use and zoning decisions.

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  • 30. 

    The 1950 US Census was the first to reveal a pattern of cities losing ground to suburbs.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    1940

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  • 31. 

    What does ISTEA stand for?

    • Interstate Surface Transportation Efficiency Act

    • Intermodal Surface Transportation Effectiveness Act

    • Interstate Surface Transportation Effectiveness Act

    • Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act

    Correct Answer
    A. Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
    Explanation
    ISTEA stands for Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. This legislation was passed in 1991 and aimed to improve transportation infrastructure and efficiency in the United States. It emphasized the importance of intermodal transportation, which involves the seamless movement of goods and people across different modes of transportation such as highways, railways, and waterways. ISTEA provided funding for various transportation projects and initiatives, including the development of intelligent transportation systems and the enhancement of public transportation systems. By promoting intermodal transportation and efficiency, ISTEA aimed to reduce congestion, enhance safety, and improve the overall transportation experience.

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  • 32. 

    What of the following are sources of point-source pollution?

    • Farm

    • Chemical Factory

    • Sewer Pipe

    • Wetlands

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Chemical Factory
    A. Sewer Pipe
    Explanation
    Chemical factories and sewer pipes are both examples of point-source pollution because they release pollutants directly into the environment from a specific location. In the case of chemical factories, they often release harmful chemicals and pollutants into the air, water, or soil through their manufacturing processes. Sewer pipes, on the other hand, carry wastewater and sewage directly into rivers, lakes, or oceans, contaminating the surrounding water bodies. Both of these sources have a specific point of origin, making them point-source pollution. Farms and wetlands, on the other hand, may contribute to non-point source pollution, where pollutants are carried by runoff from a larger area.

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  • 33. 

    What is the significance of the New Jersey Fair Housing Act of 1985?

    • It exempts a municipality from builders remedies if it commits to adopt fair share housing

    • Sets up an administrative appeal procedure to hear fair share challenges

    • Allows regional contribution agreements

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The New Jersey Fair Housing Act of 1985 is significant because it encompasses all of the given options. First, it exempts a municipality from builders remedies if it commits to adopt fair share housing, which means that the municipality is not required to provide affordable housing if it agrees to adopt fair housing practices. Second, the act sets up an administrative appeal procedure to hear fair share challenges, providing a formal process for resolving disputes related to fair housing. Lastly, it allows regional contribution agreements, which means that municipalities can contribute funds to a regional housing pool instead of directly providing affordable housing.

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  • 34. 

    This Census was the first to show the urbanized population greater than the rural population.

    • 1890

    • 1900

    • 1910

    • 1920

    • 1930

    Correct Answer
    A. 1920
    Explanation
    The 1920 Census was the first to reveal that the number of people living in urban areas surpassed the number of people living in rural areas. This shift in population distribution indicated a significant change in the country's demographics and the growing urbanization trend.

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  • 35. 

    What did Randall Arendt write?

    • Children of the Poor

    • Design with Nature

    • Rural By Design

    • Everyday Ethics for Practicing Planners

    Correct Answer
    A. Rural By Design
    Explanation
    Randall Arendt wrote "Rural By Design."

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  • 36. 

    Which of the following is Peter Drucker associated with?

    • ZBB

    • PERT

    • MBO

    • TIF

    Correct Answer
    A. MBO
    Explanation
    Peter Drucker is associated with MBO, which stands for Management by Objectives. MBO is a management approach that focuses on setting specific goals and objectives for employees and then monitoring their performance based on those objectives. Drucker was a renowned management consultant and author who popularized the concept of MBO in his book "The Practice of Management" in 1954. He believed that MBO could improve employee motivation, productivity, and overall organizational performance.

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  • 37. 

    Who was known for satisficing?

    • Friedmann

    • Lindblom

    • Krumholz

    • Simon

    Correct Answer
    A. Simon
    Explanation
    Simon was known for satisficing. Satisficing is a decision-making strategy where individuals choose the first option that meets their minimum requirements, rather than seeking the optimal solution. Simon's work on bounded rationality and decision-making processes highlighted the importance of satisficing in human decision-making.

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  • 38. 

    Who is associated with Transit Oriented Development?

    • Simon

    • Bettman

    • Calthorpe

    • Christaller

    Correct Answer
    A. Calthorpe
    Explanation
    Calthorpe is associated with Transit Oriented Development. This approach focuses on creating compact, walkable, and mixed-use communities around public transportation hubs. It aims to reduce dependence on cars and promote sustainable transportation options. Calthorpe, an urban planner and architect, is known for his work in advocating for and implementing Transit Oriented Development principles in urban planning projects.

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  • 39. 

    The Distributional Housing Unit Method uses birth rates and average family size to provide estimates of housing units between Census decades.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The Distributional Housing Unit Method uses building permit data.

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  • 40. 

    What year did CDBG begin?

    • 1975

    • 1976

    • 1974

    • 1973

    Correct Answer
    A. 1974
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 1974. The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program began in 1974. This program provides funding to states and local governments to support a wide range of community development activities, such as affordable housing, infrastructure improvements, and economic development projects. It was established as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 to address the needs of low-income communities and stimulate economic growth.

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  • 41. 

    Which of the following is not part of the AICP Code of Ethics?

    • Assist in making the clarification of community goals, objectives and policies in plan-making.

    • A planner must have special concern for the long range consequences of present actions.

    • A planner must strive to expand choice and opportunity for all persons, recognizing a special responsibility to plan for the needs of the disadvantaged groups and persons, and must urge the alteration of policies, institutions and decisions which oppose such needs.

    • A planner must strive to give citizens the opportunity to have a meaningful impact on the development of plans and programs. Participation should be broad enough to include people who lack formal organization or influence.

    Correct Answer
    A. A planner must strive to expand choice and opportunity for all persons, recognizing a special responsibility to plan for the needs of the disadvantaged groups and persons, and must urge the alteration of policies, institutions and decisions which oppose such needs.
    Explanation
    The given answer is not part of the AICP Code of Ethics because it is actually one of the principles included in the code. The AICP Code of Ethics emphasizes the planner's responsibility to promote equality and advocate for the needs of disadvantaged groups. This includes striving to expand choice and opportunity for all individuals and urging changes to policies and decisions that hinder these needs.

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  • 42. 

    According to 2000 Census data, where is the mean center of population of the United States?

    • Covington County, KY

    • Phelps County, MO

    • Johnson County, KS

    • Daviess County, IN

    Correct Answer
    A. Phelps County, MO
    Explanation
    The mean center of population refers to the point where the population of a country is balanced. In the case of the United States, the mean center of population in 2000 was located in Phelps County, Missouri. This means that if you were to calculate the average location of every person in the country, it would be in Phelps County, MO. This information is based on the data collected during the 2000 Census.

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  • 43. 

    Who is responsible in the development of Equity Planning?

    • Norman Krumholtz

    • John Friedman

    • Homer Hoyt

    • Joseph Myfunzalow

    Correct Answer
    A. Norman Krumholtz
    Explanation
    Norman Krumholtz is responsible for the development of Equity Planning.

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  • 44. 

    Rational Relationship is a key component of what legal theory?

    • Procedural Due Process

    • Substantive Due Process

    • Eminent Domain

    Correct Answer
    A. Substantive Due Process
    Explanation
    Substantive Due Process is a legal theory that ensures the protection of fundamental rights and liberties by evaluating the content or substance of a law or government action. It focuses on whether the government has a rational relationship to a legitimate government interest when restricting these rights. This theory aims to prevent arbitrary or unjust government interference with individual liberties, ensuring fairness and justice in the legal system.

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  • 45. 

    As Planning Director for the City of Cleveland, Krumholz was associated with...

    • Communicative Planning

    • Equity Planning

    • Advocacy Planning

    • Rational Planning

    Correct Answer
    A. Equity Planning
    Explanation
    As the Planning Director for the City of Cleveland, Krumholz pioneered equity planning, ensuring fair distribution of urban development benefits. He earned the title "father of equity planning" by initiating the 1975 Policy Program Report, addressing complex social and economic issues in cities, emphasizing equitable outcomes for all residents.

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  • 46. 

    Which census showed a change in the population from rural to urban?

    • 1930

    • 1920

    • 1940

    • 1950

    Correct Answer
    A. 1920
    Explanation
    The 1920 census showed a change in the population from rural to urban. This is because during the early 20th century, there was a significant shift in population from rural areas to urban areas, primarily due to industrialization and the growth of cities. The 1920 census would have captured this transition and provided data on the increasing urban population.

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  • 47. 

    A digital database of geographic features like roads, railroads, rivers, lakes, legal boundaries, census statistical boundaries, etc. covering the United States is called

    • Shape File

    • Metadata

    • Layer File

    • Tiger File

    Correct Answer
    A. Tiger File
    Explanation
    A digital database of geographic features like roads, railroads, rivers, lakes, legal boundaries, census statistical boundaries, etc. covering the United States is called a Tiger File.

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  • 48. 

    Which case did not involve the Agins test?

    • Lucas v South Carolina Coastal Council

    • Dolan v City of Tigard

    • Penn Central v New York City

    • Keystone Bituminous Coal v DeBenedictis

    Correct Answer
    A. Penn Central v New York City
    Explanation
    Penn Central v New York City did not involve the Agins test. The Agins test refers to a legal test used to determine whether a government regulation constitutes a regulatory taking under the Fifth Amendment. In Lucas v South Carolina Coastal Council, the court applied the Agins test to determine if a regulation deprived the property owner of all economic value. In Dolan v City of Tigard and Keystone Bituminous Coal v DeBenedictis, the court also applied the Agins test to analyze whether the government regulation went too far in burdening the property owner's rights. However, in Penn Central v New York City, the court used a different test, known as the Penn Central test, to evaluate the impact of a regulation on property rights.

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  • 49. 

    A Shift-Share Analysis is used primarily to:

    • Identify basic and non-basic industries.

    • Identify the level of employment in a given sector of a local economy against a reference economy.

    • Note the differences of growth or decline in a local economy versus a reference economy.

    • Identify the costs of servicing a proposed development as part of a fiscal impact analysis.

    Correct Answer
    A. Identify the level of employment in a given sector of a local economy against a reference economy.
    Explanation
    A Shift-Share Analysis is a tool used to compare the level of employment in a specific sector of a local economy with that of a reference economy. It helps identify whether the local economy is performing better or worse than the reference economy in terms of employment in a particular sector. By analyzing the differences in employment growth or decline, it provides insights into the competitiveness and performance of the local economy compared to the reference economy.

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