AICP Certification Exam! Hardest Trivia Quiz

Washington, D.C. is an example of the City Beautiful movement. This movement, popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, aimed to create aesthetically pleasing cities with grand boulevards, monumental buildings, and expansive parks and gardens. Washington, D.C. was designed by Pierre Charles L'Enfant and later expanded by Frederick Law Olmsted, both influential figures in the City Beautiful movement. The city's layout, with its wide avenues, iconic landmarks like the National Mall and Capitol Building, and carefully planned green spaces, exemplifies the principles of the City Beautiful movement.

Daniel Burnham is considered the father of city planning because of his influential work in urban planning and architecture during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was a prominent American architect and urban designer who played a key role in the development of several major cities, including Chicago and Washington, D.C. Burnham's most notable project was the Plan of Chicago, which laid out a comprehensive vision for the city's growth and development. His ideas and principles continue to influence urban planning practices to this day.

In 2000, the Hispanic population was divided between different states in the United States. The correct answer is TX and CA, which stands for Texas and California. These two states had the highest concentration of Hispanic residents compared to the other options provided (NY and FL, CA and FL, and TX and NY).

Cohort survival is a widely preferred method among demographers for studying population change because it allows for the analysis of specific groups of individuals over time. By tracking the survival and characteristics of a cohort (a group of individuals born during the same time period), demographers can gain insights into factors such as mortality rates, fertility patterns, and migration trends. This approach provides a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of population dynamics compared to other methods, making it the method of choice for studying population change.

Population projection is the process of estimating the future population size based on various factors such as birth rate, death rate, and migration. Voter registration, on the other hand, is not a factor that is used for population projection. Voter registration is the process of registering individuals to vote in an election and is not directly related to estimating population size.

The correct answer is that the Village of Euclid v Ambler Realty Co case upheld zoning as constitutional. This means that the court ruled that local governments have the authority to regulate land use through zoning laws, and that such laws are not in violation of the Constitution. This decision set a precedent for future zoning regulations and affirmed the power of local governments to control property use and development.

Ebenezer Howard is associated with the concept of Garden City. He developed the idea of creating planned communities that would combine the benefits of both urban and rural living. The Garden City concept aimed to provide residents with access to nature, green spaces, and fresh air while also offering the convenience and amenities of a city. Howard's vision included carefully designed layouts, self-contained communities, and a balance between housing, industry, and agriculture. The Garden City concept has had a significant influence on urban planning and continues to inspire sustainable and livable city designs today.

Davidoff is considered the father of advocacy planning because he introduced the concept and approach of advocacy planning in the field of urban planning. He emphasized the importance of involving communities and stakeholders in the planning process, and advocated for planners to actively advocate for the needs and interests of marginalized groups. Davidoff's ideas and contributions have had a significant influence on the development of advocacy planning as a planning approach.

Saul Alinsky was known for his work in community organization. He was a prominent American community organizer and writer who developed strategies for empowering marginalized communities to advocate for their rights and bring about social change. Alinsky emphasized the importance of building strong grassroots organizations and mobilizing people to address social and economic inequalities. His book, "Rules for Radicals," remains a significant resource for community organizers and activists today.

The correct answer is Synoptic. The elements of problem identification, generation of alternatives, selection, implementation, and evaluation all align with the synoptic planning theory. Synoptic planning emphasizes a comprehensive and systematic approach to planning, involving thorough problem analysis, consideration of multiple alternatives, careful selection of the best option, effective implementation, and evaluation of the outcomes. This approach allows for a more holistic and strategic planning process.

Ian McHarg is considered the father of modern ecology. He was a Scottish landscape architect and writer who revolutionized the field of ecological planning and design. McHarg's book "Design with Nature" published in 1969, introduced the concept of using ecological principles to guide land use planning and design. He emphasized the importance of understanding and preserving natural systems in order to create sustainable and harmonious environments. McHarg's work had a profound influence on the development of ecological thinking and practices in the field of landscape architecture and ecology.

Lindblom was known for his theory of incrementalism. Incrementalism suggests that decision-making and policy-making should be done in small, gradual steps rather than through radical or drastic changes. It emphasizes the importance of considering existing policies and making small adjustments based on feedback and evaluation. This approach allows for flexibility and adaptability in decision-making processes, as well as the ability to learn from experience and make improvements over time.

The Burnham Plan for Chicago was released in 1909. This plan, also known as the Plan of Chicago, was a comprehensive urban plan for the city of Chicago, Illinois. It was created by architects Daniel Burnham and Edward H. Bennett, with the goal of improving the city's infrastructure, transportation, and public spaces. The plan proposed the creation of a network of parks, the improvement of the lakefront, the development of a system of boulevards, and the construction of iconic buildings and monuments. The Burnham Plan had a significant impact on the development and growth of Chicago in the following years.

Patrick Geddes is considered the father of regional planning because he was one of the first to advocate for a holistic approach to urban planning that takes into account the social, economic, and environmental aspects of a region. Geddes believed in the importance of understanding the unique characteristics and needs of a place before designing any development or infrastructure. He emphasized the integration of nature and culture, and his ideas greatly influenced the field of urban planning, making him a key figure in the history of regional planning.

Lawrence Veiller is considered the father of the modern housing code because of his significant contributions to housing reform in the early 20th century. He was a social reformer and advocate for better living conditions for the poor. Veiller played a crucial role in the development and implementation of the New York Tenement House Act of 1901, which established minimum standards for housing conditions. His work laid the foundation for future housing codes and regulations, making him a key figure in the history of housing reform.

The statement is false because cities do not have unlimited or absolute police power. The actions and decisions of the state or federal government can limit or override the authority of cities. Cities operate within the framework of laws and regulations set by higher levels of government, and they cannot exercise power that goes against these laws or infringes on the rights of individuals protected by the state or federal constitution. Therefore, cities do not have complete autonomy in exercising police power.

Peter Calthorpe founded the Congress for New Urbanism. The Congress for New Urbanism is an organization that promotes the development of walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods and sustainable communities. Calthorpe is a renowned urban planner and architect who has been influential in shaping urban design and advocating for sustainable development practices. The Congress for New Urbanism, under Calthorpe's leadership, has played a significant role in promoting and implementing these principles in urban planning and design.

Edward Bassett is considered the father of zoning because he played a significant role in the development and implementation of the first comprehensive zoning ordinance in New York City in 1916. Bassett was a lawyer and city planner who recognized the need for regulating land use to promote public health, safety, and welfare. His work laid the foundation for modern zoning practices and influenced zoning laws in other cities across the United States.

Fred Finch Investing v City of New York was a landmark case that established the concept of Transfer of Development Rights (TDR). TDR allows property owners to transfer their unused development rights to another property, which can then be used to increase the density or intensity of development on that property. This case confirmed the legality and validity of TDR as a planning tool, setting a precedent for future land use and zoning decisions.

Penn Central Transportation v The City of New York first introduced the concept of Transfer of Development Rights (TDR). In this landmark case, the court ruled that the city's restriction on the development of the Grand Central Terminal violated Penn Central's property rights. The court recognized the TDR program as a means for the city to preserve historic landmarks while allowing property owners to transfer their development rights to other areas. TDR allows property owners to sell their unused development rights to developers who can then use them to increase the density or height of their projects in designated areas.

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The Midwest region of the country has the highest percentage of home ownership. This could be because the Midwest is known for its affordable housing market, with lower median home prices compared to other regions. Additionally, the Midwest is home to many suburban areas and smaller cities, which tend to have higher rates of home ownership compared to urban areas.

Equity planning refers to a type of planning that aims to redistribute power, resources, and participation from the elite to the poor and working class. It focuses on creating equal opportunities and reducing disparities among different social groups. This approach recognizes the need for social justice and aims to address systemic inequalities in urban development and resource allocation. By prioritizing the needs of marginalized communities and promoting inclusivity, equity planning seeks to create more equitable and just urban environments.

The correct answer is 1972. The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) was adopted in 1972. This act was implemented to address the challenges and issues related to the management and protection of coastal areas in the United States. It aimed to promote sustainable development, protect natural resources, and balance the economic and environmental interests in coastal zones. The CZMA provided a framework for states to develop and implement their own coastal management programs, with the goal of ensuring the long-term health and vitality of coastal ecosystems.

Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategies aim to reduce the demand for single-occupancy vehicles and promote alternative modes of transportation. Car pools, bicycle racks on buses, and guaranteed ride home programs are all examples of TDM strategies that encourage carpooling, cycling, and providing a safety net for commuters who use alternative modes of transportation. On the other hand, expanding the number of lanes on a highway does not fall under TDM strategies as it focuses on accommodating more vehicles rather than reducing their usage.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in 1990. This landmark legislation aims to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities by prohibiting discrimination and ensuring equal opportunities in various areas, including employment, public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications. The ADA has had a significant impact on improving accessibility and inclusivity for people with disabilities in the United States.

The unemployment rate is not a symptomatic indicator because it does not directly reflect any symptoms or signs of a specific condition or problem. It is a statistical measure that indicates the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment. Unlike the other options listed, such as phone hookups, school enrollment, and building permits, which can provide insights into various social, economic, or demographic conditions, the unemployment rate primarily reflects the state of the job market and the availability of employment opportunities.

The general fertility rate is the rate that measures the number of live births in a year per 1,000 women of reproductive age (typically between 15 and 44 years old). It provides an indication of the fertility level in a population and is commonly used to assess the reproductive health of a society. This rate takes into account the entire population of women within the reproductive age group, rather than focusing on specific age groups like the age-specific fertility rate. The crude birth rate, on the other hand, measures the number of live births in a year per 1,000 total population, without considering the specific age group of women.

The correct answer is "Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act." RLUIPA is a federal law that protects religious institutions and individuals from discrimination in land use and zoning regulations. It prohibits local governments from imposing burdensome regulations that substantially burden religious exercise, and provides legal remedies for individuals and religious organizations whose religious rights have been violated. The law aims to ensure that religious institutions and individuals have equal protection under the law when it comes to land use and zoning decisions.

1940

ISTEA stands for Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. This legislation was passed in 1991 and aimed to improve transportation infrastructure and efficiency in the United States. It emphasized the importance of intermodal transportation, which involves the seamless movement of goods and people across different modes of transportation such as highways, railways, and waterways. ISTEA provided funding for various transportation projects and initiatives, including the development of intelligent transportation systems and the enhancement of public transportation systems. By promoting intermodal transportation and efficiency, ISTEA aimed to reduce congestion, enhance safety, and improve the overall transportation experience.

Chemical factories and sewer pipes are both examples of point-source pollution because they release pollutants directly into the environment from a specific location. In the case of chemical factories, they often release harmful chemicals and pollutants into the air, water, or soil through their manufacturing processes. Sewer pipes, on the other hand, carry wastewater and sewage directly into rivers, lakes, or oceans, contaminating the surrounding water bodies. Both of these sources have a specific point of origin, making them point-source pollution. Farms and wetlands, on the other hand, may contribute to non-point source pollution, where pollutants are carried by runoff from a larger area.

The New Jersey Fair Housing Act of 1985 is significant because it encompasses all of the given options. First, it exempts a municipality from builders remedies if it commits to adopt fair share housing, which means that the municipality is not required to provide affordable housing if it agrees to adopt fair housing practices. Second, the act sets up an administrative appeal procedure to hear fair share challenges, providing a formal process for resolving disputes related to fair housing. Lastly, it allows regional contribution agreements, which means that municipalities can contribute funds to a regional housing pool instead of directly providing affordable housing.

The 1920 Census was the first to reveal that the number of people living in urban areas surpassed the number of people living in rural areas. This shift in population distribution indicated a significant change in the country's demographics and the growing urbanization trend.

Randall Arendt wrote "Rural By Design."

Peter Drucker is associated with MBO, which stands for Management by Objectives. MBO is a management approach that focuses on setting specific goals and objectives for employees and then monitoring their performance based on those objectives. Drucker was a renowned management consultant and author who popularized the concept of MBO in his book "The Practice of Management" in 1954. He believed that MBO could improve employee motivation, productivity, and overall organizational performance.

Simon was known for satisficing. Satisficing is a decision-making strategy where individuals choose the first option that meets their minimum requirements, rather than seeking the optimal solution. Simon's work on bounded rationality and decision-making processes highlighted the importance of satisficing in human decision-making.

Calthorpe is associated with Transit Oriented Development. This approach focuses on creating compact, walkable, and mixed-use communities around public transportation hubs. It aims to reduce dependence on cars and promote sustainable transportation options. Calthorpe, an urban planner and architect, is known for his work in advocating for and implementing Transit Oriented Development principles in urban planning projects.

The Distributional Housing Unit Method uses building permit data.

The correct answer is 1974. The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program began in 1974. This program provides funding to states and local governments to support a wide range of community development activities, such as affordable housing, infrastructure improvements, and economic development projects. It was established as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 to address the needs of low-income communities and stimulate economic growth.

The given answer is not part of the AICP Code of Ethics because it is actually one of the principles included in the code. The AICP Code of Ethics emphasizes the planner's responsibility to promote equality and advocate for the needs of disadvantaged groups. This includes striving to expand choice and opportunity for all individuals and urging changes to policies and decisions that hinder these needs.

As the Planning Director for the City of Cleveland, Krumholz pioneered equity planning, ensuring fair distribution of urban development benefits. He earned the title "father of equity planning" by initiating the 1975 Policy Program Report, addressing complex social and economic issues in cities, emphasizing equitable outcomes for all residents.

The mean center of population refers to the point where the population of a country is balanced. In the case of the United States, the mean center of population in 2000 was located in Phelps County, Missouri. This means that if you were to calculate the average location of every person in the country, it would be in Phelps County, MO. This information is based on the data collected during the 2000 Census.

Norman Krumholtz is responsible for the development of Equity Planning.

Substantive Due Process is a legal theory that ensures the protection of fundamental rights and liberties by evaluating the content or substance of a law or government action. It focuses on whether the government has a rational relationship to a legitimate government interest when restricting these rights. This theory aims to prevent arbitrary or unjust government interference with individual liberties, ensuring fairness and justice in the legal system.

A digital database of geographic features like roads, railroads, rivers, lakes, legal boundaries, census statistical boundaries, etc. covering the United States is called a Tiger File.

Penn Central v New York City did not involve the Agins test. The Agins test refers to a legal test used to determine whether a government regulation constitutes a regulatory taking under the Fifth Amendment. In Lucas v South Carolina Coastal Council, the court applied the Agins test to determine if a regulation deprived the property owner of all economic value. In Dolan v City of Tigard and Keystone Bituminous Coal v DeBenedictis, the court also applied the Agins test to analyze whether the government regulation went too far in burdening the property owner's rights. However, in Penn Central v New York City, the court used a different test, known as the Penn Central test, to evaluate the impact of a regulation on property rights.

The 1920 census showed a change in the population from rural to urban. This is because during the early 20th century, there was a significant shift in population from rural areas to urban areas, primarily due to industrialization and the growth of cities. The 1920 census would have captured this transition and provided data on the increasing urban population.

A Shift-Share Analysis is a tool used to compare the level of employment in a specific sector of a local economy with that of a reference economy. It helps identify whether the local economy is performing better or worse than the reference economy in terms of employment in a particular sector. By analyzing the differences in employment growth or decline, it provides insights into the competitiveness and performance of the local economy compared to the reference economy.

Charles Lindbloom, Paul Davidoff, Alan Altshuler, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Saul Alinsky were all involved in Advocacy Planning. The correct answer is ii, iii, and v.