African American Quarterly Assessment II

Dr. Walker's strong foundation in the religious community indicates that he has a deep involvement and understanding of religious practices, beliefs, and values. This suggests that he is likely to be well-respected and trusted within the religious community, and may have a significant role or influence in religious matters.

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The poem "I, Too" by Langston Hughes indeed discusses the struggles faced by African Americans in the United States. The poem highlights the theme of racial inequality and discrimination, portraying the speaker's determination to overcome these challenges. Through powerful imagery and symbolism, Hughes sheds light on the experiences of African Americans during a time of segregation and marginalization. The poem's message of resilience and hope resonates with the broader struggle for civil rights and equality in American history.

The statement confirms that Dr. Robert Walker is indeed a board member of Dayton Public Schools.

Sterling Brown is indeed the author of "Strong Men," a poem that celebrates the strength of African American males. This poem highlights the resilience, courage, and endurance of African American men throughout history, emphasizing their contributions and triumphs in the face of adversity. Brown's work often explores themes of African American identity and history, making him a significant figure in African American literature. Therefore, the statement "Sterling Brown is the author of 'Strong Men,' a poem about the strength of African American males" is true.

Langston Hughes is indeed the author of the poem "I, Too." He was a prominent American poet, social activist, novelist, and playwright, known for his powerful and influential works that explore the African American experience and address issues of racism, identity, and equality. "I, Too" is one of his most famous poems, which celebrates the resilience and strength of African Americans in the face of oppression and discrimination.

The film Birth of a Nation shattered the hopes of many African Americans that equality was near. This film, released in 1915, portrayed African Americans in a negative light, reinforcing racist stereotypes and promoting white supremacy. It depicted African Americans as unintelligent and sexually aggressive, fueling racial tensions and further entrenching discriminatory practices. As a result, the film undermined the progress towards equality that many African Americans were striving for, leaving them disillusioned and disheartened.

During World War I, African Americans faced discrimination both in the military and in civilian life. Despite their service and sacrifice, they were treated unfairly and subjected to racial discrimination. This discrimination was evident in various aspects such as limited opportunities for advancement, segregated units, and unequal treatment compared to their white counterparts. African American soldiers were often given menial tasks and denied leadership roles, reflecting the pervasive racism and prejudice of the time. Therefore, the correct answer is "discriminated against."

In the early 1900s, the African American community faced frequent incidents of race riots initiated by angry whites. These race riots were violent outbreaks of racial tension and discrimination, where the African American community was victimized. The riots often led to destruction of property, physical harm, and loss of lives within the African American community.

The author bell hooks uses her grandmother's name instead of hers when she writes. This suggests that she values and honors her grandmother's legacy and wants to pay tribute to her through her work. It also indicates a personal connection and attachment to her grandmother, which likely influences her writing style and content. Using her grandmother's name may also be a way for hooks to challenge traditional notions of authorship and identity, emphasizing the importance of community and collective voices.

The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement that took place in the 1920s in Harlem, New York. It was fueled by the creative energy of African Americans who migrated to the North during the Great Migration. These individuals were finally able to freely express their talents and showcase their artistic abilities in various fields such as literature, music, art, and theater. The Harlem Renaissance played a significant role in shaping and highlighting African American culture and identity, making it the correct answer.

The statement is incorrect. Spoken word is not a form of writing stories. Spoken word refers to a performance art form where artists recite their original poetry or stories aloud, often accompanied by music or other forms of expression. It is primarily an oral form of communication and does not involve writing in the traditional sense.

The term "greenhorn" actually refers to someone who is inexperienced or new to a particular position or situation. It is the opposite of someone who has been in a position for a long time. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

In the early 1900s, whites accelerated their propaganda about African Americans being inferior and whites being superior in all respects. Propaganda refers to the dissemination of biased or misleading information to shape public opinion. In this context, it suggests that whites actively spread false narratives and stereotypes about African Americans to maintain and justify their discriminatory practices, such as segregation. This propaganda aimed to reinforce racial hierarchies and maintain white dominance in society.

Critics of Booker T. Washington claimed that his view of race relations in America were one of accommodation. This means that they believed Washington advocated for a passive approach to addressing racial inequality, rather than actively fighting for equal rights and opportunities for African Americans. Instead of pushing for social and political change, Washington emphasized economic self-reliance and vocational education as a means to uplift the Black community. While his approach was praised by some for its pragmatism, others criticized him for not challenging the systemic racism and segregation of the time.

W.E.B. Du Bois believed that the actions of Booker T. Washington led to the legal implementation of the "separate but equal" laws. Du Bois criticized Washington's approach of accommodating segregation and believed that it perpetuated racial inequality. He argued that Washington's emphasis on vocational education and economic progress for African Americans, while disregarding their civil rights, ultimately contributed to the establishment of discriminatory laws that enforced racial segregation and denied equal opportunities to African Americans. Du Bois advocated for full civil rights and equality for African Americans, challenging the notion of "separate but equal."

African American Spanish American War volunteers hoped that their patriotism would bring them equality. They believed that by demonstrating their love and loyalty for their country through their service in the war, they would be recognized as equal citizens and receive the same rights and opportunities as their white counterparts. Their hope was that their sacrifices and contributions would lead to a more inclusive and egalitarian society.

Marcus Garvey's philosophy focused on pride in one's own heritage. This means that Garvey believed in embracing and celebrating one's cultural and historical background. He believed that individuals should take pride in their roots, traditions, and the achievements of their ancestors. Garvey's philosophy aimed to empower individuals by instilling a sense of pride and identity in their heritage, ultimately fostering a stronger sense of self and community.

The foundation of socialism and communism was the belief that class, not race, was the major factor in the oppression of African Americans. This means that according to socialism and communism, the economic and social divisions between different classes were the main cause of oppression, rather than racial discrimination. This perspective suggests that addressing class inequality and creating a more equitable society would ultimately lead to the liberation of African Americans from oppression.

As African Americans migrated north, realtors entered into restrictive covenants in which they agreed not to sell property in certain neighborhoods to them. Restrictive covenants were legally binding agreements that prohibited the sale or rental of property to specific racial or ethnic groups. These covenants were used to enforce racial segregation and maintain the racial composition of certain neighborhoods. They were a discriminatory practice that limited housing opportunities for African Americans and contributed to the creation of ghettos. Trade unions and reparations are not relevant to this context.

Langston Hughes was indeed a major author, but he was associated with the Harlem Renaissance, not the New York Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural and intellectual movement centered in Harlem, New York, during the 1920s and 1930s, which celebrated African American art, literature, and music. Therefore, the statement that Langston Hughes was a major author during the New York Renaissance is false.

Langston Hughes' works spoke to segregated African Americans who denied their own cultural heritage. This suggests that Hughes' writings addressed the experiences and struggles of African Americans who were separated or isolated from the rest of society due to racial segregation. These individuals may have rejected or been denied their cultural heritage as a result of the oppressive conditions imposed by segregation. Hughes' works likely aimed to give voice to their experiences and encourage a sense of pride and connection to their cultural roots.

The answer "arrogant and uppity" suggests that Southern white members of Congress viewed Adam Clayton Powell Jr. as being haughty and overly self-important. This implies that they believed he had an inflated sense of his own importance and acted in a condescending manner towards others.

The two main goals of the UNIA were self-determination and collective economics. This means that the organization aimed to empower and promote economic independence for people of African descent. By focusing on collective economics, the UNIA sought to build economic strength within the African diaspora and improve the socio-economic conditions of its members. This goal aligned with the broader mission of Pan-Africanism, which aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide and promote their economic, political, and cultural interests.

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