Advanced Assessment Test: Unit4

6 While I was clearing out the attic, I __________ across a tennis racket that belonged to my great-grandmother.

• Went

• Came

• Got

• Pulled

7 We don’t expect you to decide right away. ___________ it some thought and let us know your decision on Monday.

• Do

• Have

• Take

• Give

VOCABULARY Task 2   Use the word given in CAPITAL LETTERS at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits in the gap in the same sentence. Here is an example (0).   0 On the picnic, we used disposable plates and cups. DISPOSE 1  The windscreen of the armoured car is ________ and bullet-proof. BREAK

2  We kept ticket prices low – we wanted them to be ________ for ordinary people. AFFORD

3  What the critic wrote about me was ________. It was ill-informed and rude. EXCUSE

4  The suffering of warfare is ________ to most of us. Let’s hope we never experience it. IMAGINE

5  A number of high street ________ have had to close down in recent months. RETAIL

6  ________ is a major problem facing the Amazon region. FOREST

7  There was a hint of ________ in her voice. DISAPPOINT

8  May I offer you a word of ________? ADVISE

9  Have you written the ________ yet? PROPOSE

10  A lot of city workers use a ________ bike to get to work. FOLD

GRAMMAR Task 2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0) 0  A rise in living standards doesn’t seem probable. UNLIKELY A rise in living standards seems unlikely to happen.   1  I’m sure that Joe has got home by now. MUST Joe ________ home by now.

3 Perhaps the government will now take action to stop internet fraud. POSSIBLE ________ the government will now take action to stop internet fraud.

4  It wasn’t necessary to clear everything away. NEED We ________ clear everything away.

8  It’s very likely that the workers will go on strike. ALMOST A strike by the workers ________.

9  We might go to London for the weekend. PERHAPS ________ go to London for the weekend.

READING You are going to read an article about an organization called Future of Fish. Six paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A–G the one which fits each gap (1–5). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). Future of Fish Future of Fish is a non-profit organization that is helping entrepreneurs who hope to reinvent the seafood industry by attacking problems throughout the long-supply chains used by today’s industrialized fisheries. (0) C ‘We hope to change incentives for behaviour in the industry so it’s no longer profitable to overfish and to fish non-sustainably,’ founder Cheryl Dahle explained. ‘And we’re looking to reward sustainable behaviour with a better price.’ (1) ‘Estimates vary, but some 30% to 70% of the fish sold in the United States is mislabelled,’ Dahle said. ‘If fish is mislabelled, you don’t have a real choice to eat the right kind of fish. Until the marketplace becomes transparent, you can’t value fish for where it came from or how it was caught – and those are two of the main pillars of sustainability.’ In recent years, many popular fish species like orange roughy and bluefin tuna have collapsed under fishing pressure. Indeed, some studies suggest that today’s populations of large ocean fish are at just 10% of their pre- industrial levels. This is truly alarming. Some scientists warn that all fisheries could be in collapse by 2050. (2) Tough regulations is one way, but they often encounter pushback from the fishing industry. That’s why Future of Fish takes the view that forcing the industry to comply with restrictive rules can be counter-productive. The organization hopes to drive the adoption of more regulations by making them better for business. (3) ‘The truth is that fresh is not a regulated term,’ Dahle added. ‘It’s defined as not frozen or smoked, but fresh is in the nose of the salesman. Often what you are buying as fresh fish may be thirty days old. If people knew more about fish distribution, they would understand the value of buying fish that was landed just days before they eat it as opposed to weeks.’ (4) ‘Once you can track fish you have a perfect traceability chain,’ Dahle added. ‘Was this tuna part of a catch using fish aggregating devices? Was it caught legally? You can start to track some of these things that really matter for sustainability.’ Dahle believes that adopting such techniques can be good for the producer and the consumer as well as for the ocean environment and the sustainability of fish species. It is Dahle’s confident belief that many consumers are concerned enough about the health of our oceans to pay a premium for sustainably caught product. But she also stresses that, once they are being rewarded, such practices can spread throughout the larger seafood market as well. (5) At the same time, however, Dahle believes that this sector has plenty of room for growth. She sees no reason why it shouldn’t end up being more dominant. If that were to be the case, it would mean less pressure on ailing fish stocks. ‘There is no reason why you can’t take sustainably caught Alaskan salmon, and portion it properly and sell it at a price point that can be served in a fish taco,’ Dahle said. ‘It’s absolutely possible to do sustainable, affordable fish.’ A  Most of the fish is processed in major processing plants before being sent for distribution across the country. This is a time-consuming process and changes in the industry are long overdue. B  ‘Our approach is not a substitute for policy changes,’ Dahle said. ‘But we’re trying to re-engineer incentives through the ways fish are traded every day.’ Improving supply chains is a key component of the strategy Future of Fish has adopted. One area of concern is the industry’s confusing interpretation of how recently a fish has been taken from the sea. C  On its website, the organization claims to create business solutions to ocean challenges, and envisions a global seafood supply chain that rewards responsible fishing. It is a bold claim and one worthy of investigation. D  One company Dahle works with is using tag technology to keep tabs on the temperature of fish as it moves through the supply chain, to better monitor quality – this is especially important when it comes to sushi-grade products. E  The effort begins with making information more available, properly identifying fish, and tracking it all the way from sea to plate. Today’s consumers have little idea where, when, or how most of their fish was caught. In fact, genetic studies show they often don’t even know what kind of fish they are really buying. F  ‘The advent of Fair Trade has changed and improved the practices of a much larger portion of the supply chain, including large buyers,’ said Dahle. ‘This shows that the premium, sustainable market doesn’t have to be the largest percentage of the market to have a big influence.’ G  Despite such foreboding, however, there are some reasons to be optimistic, so long as action is taken sooner rather than later. Many fish populations have shown an ability to rebound if they are managed properly. The question is how best to achieve this. (1) ________

READING You are going to read an article about an organization called Future of Fish. Six paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A–G the one which fits each gap (1–5). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). Future of Fish Future of Fish is a non-profit organization that is helping entrepreneurs who hope to reinvent the seafood industry by attacking problems throughout the long-supply chains used by today’s industrialized fisheries. (0) C ‘We hope to change incentives for behaviour in the industry so it’s no longer profitable to overfish and to fish non-sustainably,’ founder Cheryl Dahle explained. ‘And we’re looking to reward sustainable behaviour with a better price.’ (1) ‘Estimates vary, but some 30% to 70% of the fish sold in the United States is mislabelled,’ Dahle said. ‘If fish is mislabelled, you don’t have a real choice to eat the right kind of fish. Until the marketplace becomes transparent, you can’t value fish for where it came from or how it was caught – and those are two of the main pillars of sustainability.’ In recent years, many popular fish species like orange roughy and bluefin tuna have collapsed under fishing pressure. Indeed, some studies suggest that today’s populations of large ocean fish are at just 10% of their pre- industrial levels. This is truly alarming. Some scientists warn that all fisheries could be in collapse by 2050. (2) Tough regulations is one way, but they often encounter pushback from the fishing industry. That’s why Future of Fish takes the view that forcing the industry to comply with restrictive rules can be counter-productive. The organization hopes to drive the adoption of more regulations by making them better for business. (3) ‘The truth is that fresh is not a regulated term,’ Dahle added. ‘It’s defined as not frozen or smoked, but fresh is in the nose of the salesman. Often what you are buying as fresh fish may be thirty days old. If people knew more about fish distribution, they would understand the value of buying fish that was landed just days before they eat it as opposed to weeks.’ (4) ‘Once you can track fish you have a perfect traceability chain,’ Dahle added. ‘Was this tuna part of a catch using fish aggregating devices? Was it caught legally? You can start to track some of these things that really matter for sustainability.’ Dahle believes that adopting such techniques can be good for the producer and the consumer as well as for the ocean environment and the sustainability of fish species. It is Dahle’s confident belief that many consumers are concerned enough about the health of our oceans to pay a premium for sustainably caught product. But she also stresses that, once they are being rewarded, such practices can spread throughout the larger seafood market as well. (5) At the same time, however, Dahle believes that this sector has plenty of room for growth. She sees no reason why it shouldn’t end up being more dominant. If that were to be the case, it would mean less pressure on ailing fish stocks. ‘There is no reason why you can’t take sustainably caught Alaskan salmon, and portion it properly and sell it at a price point that can be served in a fish taco,’ Dahle said. ‘It’s absolutely possible to do sustainable, affordable fish.’ A  Most of the fish is processed in major processing plants before being sent for distribution across the country. This is a time-consuming process and changes in the industry are long overdue. B  ‘Our approach is not a substitute for policy changes,’ Dahle said. ‘But we’re trying to re-engineer incentives through the ways fish are traded every day.’ Improving supply chains is a key component of the strategy Future of Fish has adopted. One area of concern is the industry’s confusing interpretation of how recently a fish has been taken from the sea. C  On its website, the organization claims to create business solutions to ocean challenges, and envisions a global seafood supply chain that rewards responsible fishing. It is a bold claim and one worthy of investigation. D  One company Dahle works with is using tag technology to keep tabs on the temperature of fish as it moves through the supply chain, to better monitor quality – this is especially important when it comes to sushi-grade products. E  The effort begins with making information more available, properly identifying fish, and tracking it all the way from sea to plate. Today’s consumers have little idea where, when, or how most of their fish was caught. In fact, genetic studies show they often don’t even know what kind of fish they are really buying. F  ‘The advent of Fair Trade has changed and improved the practices of a much larger portion of the supply chain, including large buyers,’ said Dahle. ‘This shows that the premium, sustainable market doesn’t have to be the largest percentage of the market to have a big influence.’ G  Despite such foreboding, however, there are some reasons to be optimistic, so long as action is taken sooner rather than later. Many fish populations have shown an ability to rebound if they are managed properly. The question is how best to achieve this. (3) ________

READING You are going to read an article about an organization called Future of Fish. Six paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A–G the one which fits each gap (1–5). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). Future of Fish Future of Fish is a non-profit organization that is helping entrepreneurs who hope to reinvent the seafood industry by attacking problems throughout the long-supply chains used by today’s industrialized fisheries. (0) C ‘We hope to change incentives for behaviour in the industry so it’s no longer profitable to overfish and to fish non-sustainably,’ founder Cheryl Dahle explained. ‘And we’re looking to reward sustainable behaviour with a better price.’ (1) ‘Estimates vary, but some 30% to 70% of the fish sold in the United States is mislabelled,’ Dahle said. ‘If fish is mislabelled, you don’t have a real choice to eat the right kind of fish. Until the marketplace becomes transparent, you can’t value fish for where it came from or how it was caught – and those are two of the main pillars of sustainability.’ In recent years, many popular fish species like orange roughy and bluefin tuna have collapsed under fishing pressure. Indeed, some studies suggest that today’s populations of large ocean fish are at just 10% of their pre- industrial levels. This is truly alarming. Some scientists warn that all fisheries could be in collapse by 2050. (2) Tough regulations is one way, but they often encounter pushback from the fishing industry. That’s why Future of Fish takes the view that forcing the industry to comply with restrictive rules can be counter-productive. The organization hopes to drive the adoption of more regulations by making them better for business. (3) ‘The truth is that fresh is not a regulated term,’ Dahle added. ‘It’s defined as not frozen or smoked, but fresh is in the nose of the salesman. Often what you are buying as fresh fish may be thirty days old. If people knew more about fish distribution, they would understand the value of buying fish that was landed just days before they eat it as opposed to weeks.’ (4) ‘Once you can track fish you have a perfect traceability chain,’ Dahle added. ‘Was this tuna part of a catch using fish aggregating devices? Was it caught legally? You can start to track some of these things that really matter for sustainability.’ Dahle believes that adopting such techniques can be good for the producer and the consumer as well as for the ocean environment and the sustainability of fish species. It is Dahle’s confident belief that many consumers are concerned enough about the health of our oceans to pay a premium for sustainably caught product. But she also stresses that, once they are being rewarded, such practices can spread throughout the larger seafood market as well. (5) At the same time, however, Dahle believes that this sector has plenty of room for growth. She sees no reason why it shouldn’t end up being more dominant. If that were to be the case, it would mean less pressure on ailing fish stocks. ‘There is no reason why you can’t take sustainably caught Alaskan salmon, and portion it properly and sell it at a price point that can be served in a fish taco,’ Dahle said. ‘It’s absolutely possible to do sustainable, affordable fish.’ A  Most of the fish is processed in major processing plants before being sent for distribution across the country. This is a time-consuming process and changes in the industry are long overdue. B  ‘Our approach is not a substitute for policy changes,’ Dahle said. ‘But we’re trying to re-engineer incentives through the ways fish are traded every day.’ Improving supply chains is a key component of the strategy Future of Fish has adopted. One area of concern is the industry’s confusing interpretation of how recently a fish has been taken from the sea. C  On its website, the organization claims to create business solutions to ocean challenges, and envisions a global seafood supply chain that rewards responsible fishing. It is a bold claim and one worthy of investigation. D  One company Dahle works with is using tag technology to keep tabs on the temperature of fish as it moves through the supply chain, to better monitor quality – this is especially important when it comes to sushi-grade products. E  The effort begins with making information more available, properly identifying fish, and tracking it all the way from sea to plate. Today’s consumers have little idea where, when, or how most of their fish was caught. In fact, genetic studies show they often don’t even know what kind of fish they are really buying. F  ‘The advent of Fair Trade has changed and improved the practices of a much larger portion of the supply chain, including large buyers,’ said Dahle. ‘This shows that the premium, sustainable market doesn’t have to be the largest percentage of the market to have a big influence.’ G  Despite such foreboding, however, there are some reasons to be optimistic, so long as action is taken sooner rather than later. Many fish populations have shown an ability to rebound if they are managed properly. The question is how best to achieve this. (4) ________

3 It’s not a difficult sport. Why don’t you give it a ________ yourself?

• Go

• Take

• Play

• Throw

8 I think you should ___________ Tom a break. He tried his best and didn’t make a mess of things on purpose.

• Take

• Give

• Get

• Make

GRAMMAR Taks 1   For questions 1–10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Predicting the future is a hazardous business. All we can say for (0) certain is that what we think will happen, (1) won’t. Technology is progressing at such a pace that it is highly (2) that machines we now use on a daily basis will (3) obsolete before the end of the decade. Similarly, the (4) are that machines we haven’t yet heard of will be commonplace. We may (5) be on the verge of another great technological leap, which will (6) certainly transform the way we interact with technology. Of course, this isn’t the first time mankind has felt the winds of change. At the end of the nineteenth century, a time when new inventions were patented daily, people (7) have felt as though everything was about to change. Many were concerned and felt that that they (8) to hold back scientific progress. (9) they had a point. The industrial revolution culminated in all-out industrial warfare. Hopefully, our technological revolution will have a peaceful ending. There’s a good (10) that new innovations will lead to better lives for everyone. Let’s make sure that’s the case. (2) ________

GRAMMAR Taks 1   For questions 1–10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Predicting the future is a hazardous business. All we can say for (0) certain is that what we think will happen, (1) won’t. Technology is progressing at such a pace that it is highly (2) that machines we now use on a daily basis will (3) obsolete before the end of the decade. Similarly, the (4) are that machines we haven’t yet heard of will be commonplace. We may (5) be on the verge of another great technological leap, which will (6) certainly transform the way we interact with technology. Of course, this isn’t the first time mankind has felt the winds of change. At the end of the nineteenth century, a time when new inventions were patented daily, people (7) have felt as though everything was about to change. Many were concerned and felt that that they (8) to hold back scientific progress. (9) they had a point. The industrial revolution culminated in all-out industrial warfare. Hopefully, our technological revolution will have a peaceful ending. There’s a good (10) that new innovations will lead to better lives for everyone. Let’s make sure that’s the case. (8) ________

VOCABULARY Task 1   Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits the gap in each sentence. Here is an example (0). 0 I really don’t know how the decision to have a reunion _________. Nobody intended it to happen. A came across B came over C came about D came for 1 The plan didn’t __________. In fact, it was an utter failure and we were all very disappointed.

• Come on

• Come up

• Come off

• Come at

4 We’ve _______ to rely on Josephine’s help. We'll miss her now she's leaving.

• Given

• Come

• Gone

• Taken

9 Ben looks so much plumper these days; he should really ___________ his weight.

• Watch

• See

• Look

• Stare

GRAMMAR Taks 1   For questions 1–10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Predicting the future is a hazardous business. All we can say for (0) certain is that what we think will happen, (1) won’t. Technology is progressing at such a pace that it is highly (2) that machines we now use on a daily basis will (3) obsolete before the end of the decade. Similarly, the (4) are that machines we haven’t yet heard of will be commonplace. We may (5) be on the verge of another great technological leap, which will (6) certainly transform the way we interact with technology. Of course, this isn’t the first time mankind has felt the winds of change. At the end of the nineteenth century, a time when new inventions were patented daily, people (7) have felt as though everything was about to change. Many were concerned and felt that that they (8) to hold back scientific progress. (9) they had a point. The industrial revolution culminated in all-out industrial warfare. Hopefully, our technological revolution will have a peaceful ending. There’s a good (10) that new innovations will lead to better lives for everyone. Let’s make sure that’s the case. (4) ________

READING You are going to read an article about an organization called Future of Fish. Six paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A–G the one which fits each gap (1–5). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). Future of Fish Future of Fish is a non-profit organization that is helping entrepreneurs who hope to reinvent the seafood industry by attacking problems throughout the long-supply chains used by today’s industrialized fisheries. (0) C ‘We hope to change incentives for behaviour in the industry so it’s no longer profitable to overfish and to fish non-sustainably,’ founder Cheryl Dahle explained. ‘And we’re looking to reward sustainable behaviour with a better price.’ (1) ‘Estimates vary, but some 30% to 70% of the fish sold in the United States is mislabelled,’ Dahle said. ‘If fish is mislabelled, you don’t have a real choice to eat the right kind of fish. Until the marketplace becomes transparent, you can’t value fish for where it came from or how it was caught – and those are two of the main pillars of sustainability.’ In recent years, many popular fish species like orange roughy and bluefin tuna have collapsed under fishing pressure. Indeed, some studies suggest that today’s populations of large ocean fish are at just 10% of their pre- industrial levels. This is truly alarming. Some scientists warn that all fisheries could be in collapse by 2050. (2) Tough regulations is one way, but they often encounter pushback from the fishing industry. That’s why Future of Fish takes the view that forcing the industry to comply with restrictive rules can be counter-productive. The organization hopes to drive the adoption of more regulations by making them better for business. (3) ‘The truth is that fresh is not a regulated term,’ Dahle added. ‘It’s defined as not frozen or smoked, but fresh is in the nose of the salesman. Often what you are buying as fresh fish may be thirty days old. If people knew more about fish distribution, they would understand the value of buying fish that was landed just days before they eat it as opposed to weeks.’ (4) ‘Once you can track fish you have a perfect traceability chain,’ Dahle added. ‘Was this tuna part of a catch using fish aggregating devices? Was it caught legally? You can start to track some of these things that really matter for sustainability.’ Dahle believes that adopting such techniques can be good for the producer and the consumer as well as for the ocean environment and the sustainability of fish species. It is Dahle’s confident belief that many consumers are concerned enough about the health of our oceans to pay a premium for sustainably caught product. But she also stresses that, once they are being rewarded, such practices can spread throughout the larger seafood market as well. (5) At the same time, however, Dahle believes that this sector has plenty of room for growth. She sees no reason why it shouldn’t end up being more dominant. If that were to be the case, it would mean less pressure on ailing fish stocks. ‘There is no reason why you can’t take sustainably caught Alaskan salmon, and portion it properly and sell it at a price point that can be served in a fish taco,’ Dahle said. ‘It’s absolutely possible to do sustainable, affordable fish.’ A  Most of the fish is processed in major processing plants before being sent for distribution across the country. This is a time-consuming process and changes in the industry are long overdue. B  ‘Our approach is not a substitute for policy changes,’ Dahle said. ‘But we’re trying to re-engineer incentives through the ways fish are traded every day.’ Improving supply chains is a key component of the strategy Future of Fish has adopted. One area of concern is the industry’s confusing interpretation of how recently a fish has been taken from the sea. C  On its website, the organization claims to create business solutions to ocean challenges, and envisions a global seafood supply chain that rewards responsible fishing. It is a bold claim and one worthy of investigation. D  One company Dahle works with is using tag technology to keep tabs on the temperature of fish as it moves through the supply chain, to better monitor quality – this is especially important when it comes to sushi-grade products. E  The effort begins with making information more available, properly identifying fish, and tracking it all the way from sea to plate. Today’s consumers have little idea where, when, or how most of their fish was caught. In fact, genetic studies show they often don’t even know what kind of fish they are really buying. F  ‘The advent of Fair Trade has changed and improved the practices of a much larger portion of the supply chain, including large buyers,’ said Dahle. ‘This shows that the premium, sustainable market doesn’t have to be the largest percentage of the market to have a big influence.’ G  Despite such foreboding, however, there are some reasons to be optimistic, so long as action is taken sooner rather than later. Many fish populations have shown an ability to rebound if they are managed properly. The question is how best to achieve this. (2) ________

5 How does Jerry respond to Martha’s innovative suggestion for improving safety on a bike?

• He embraces aspects of her idea and suggests developing them.

• He feels her idea has both positive and negative aspects.

• He can see why it may help cyclists but not motorists.

• He doesn’t understand her idea and questions her about it.

GRAMMAR Taks 1   For questions 1–10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Predicting the future is a hazardous business. All we can say for (0) certain is that what we think will happen, (1) won’t. Technology is progressing at such a pace that it is highly (2) that machines we now use on a daily basis will (3) obsolete before the end of the decade. Similarly, the (4) are that machines we haven’t yet heard of will be commonplace. We may (5) be on the verge of another great technological leap, which will (6) certainly transform the way we interact with technology. Of course, this isn’t the first time mankind has felt the winds of change. At the end of the nineteenth century, a time when new inventions were patented daily, people (7) have felt as though everything was about to change. Many were concerned and felt that that they (8) to hold back scientific progress. (9) they had a point. The industrial revolution culminated in all-out industrial warfare. Hopefully, our technological revolution will have a peaceful ending. There’s a good (10) that new innovations will lead to better lives for everyone. Let’s make sure that’s the case. (1) ________

GRAMMAR Taks 1   For questions 1–10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Predicting the future is a hazardous business. All we can say for (0) certain is that what we think will happen, (1) won’t. Technology is progressing at such a pace that it is highly (2) that machines we now use on a daily basis will (3) obsolete before the end of the decade. Similarly, the (4) are that machines we haven’t yet heard of will be commonplace. We may (5) be on the verge of another great technological leap, which will (6) certainly transform the way we interact with technology. Of course, this isn’t the first time mankind has felt the winds of change. At the end of the nineteenth century, a time when new inventions were patented daily, people (7) have felt as though everything was about to change. Many were concerned and felt that that they (8) to hold back scientific progress. (9) they had a point. The industrial revolution culminated in all-out industrial warfare. Hopefully, our technological revolution will have a peaceful ending. There’s a good (10) that new innovations will lead to better lives for everyone. Let’s make sure that’s the case. (3) ________

3  How does Jerry compare older bikes with newer, more innovative ones?

• He says older bikes are simpler.

• He says newer bikes are more expensive.

• He says older bikes are more reliable.

• He says newer bikes go faster.

10  Which type of bike does Emma think may go better if it had egg-shaped wheels?

• Her racing bike

• Her mountain bike

• Her road bike

•  her midweek bike

2 Don't put that pullover in the washing machine. It'll ___________, and then it'll be too small to wear.

• Bend

• Dispose

• Fold

• Shrink

4  Which of Martha’s ideas does Jerry like?

•  speedometers

• Lights on the cycling helmet

•  rear view mirrors

•  brake lights

GRAMMAR Taks 1   For questions 1–10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Predicting the future is a hazardous business. All we can say for (0) certain is that what we think will happen, (1) won’t. Technology is progressing at such a pace that it is highly (2) that machines we now use on a daily basis will (3) obsolete before the end of the decade. Similarly, the (4) are that machines we haven’t yet heard of will be commonplace. We may (5) be on the verge of another great technological leap, which will (6) certainly transform the way we interact with technology. Of course, this isn’t the first time mankind has felt the winds of change. At the end of the nineteenth century, a time when new inventions were patented daily, people (7) have felt as though everything was about to change. Many were concerned and felt that that they (8) to hold back scientific progress. (9) they had a point. The industrial revolution culminated in all-out industrial warfare. Hopefully, our technological revolution will have a peaceful ending. There’s a good (10) that new innovations will lead to better lives for everyone. Let’s make sure that’s the case. (7) ________

9  What does Emma say about her cycling habits?

•  She prefers using a mountain bike to a road bike.

• She uses a different bike every day.

•  She spends more time on one bike than on others.

• She uses different bikes for very different purposes.

2  What does Jerry believe will be the next big thing in cycling?

• He imagines that 3D printed bikes will be a huge success.

• He thinks electric bikes will soon be popular with buyers.

• He considers a return to traditional bikes likely to happen. 

• He says he doesn’t think any new innovations will catch on.

6  What problem does Jerry see with Martha’s suggestion?

• It may cost far too much to manufacture.

•  It may be hard to control when used on the road.

• Some road-users might be confused by it.

• The technology behind it may be complex.

8  What does Jerry say about Mick’s suggested innovation?

• What Mick wants to buy is currently available for purchase.

• Mick will be able to buy what he wants soon, but it may cost a lot.

• Mick won’t be able to buy what he wants for a while yet.

• Manufacturing setbacks mean the product Mick wants isn’t currently for sale.

1 What does Jerry do for a living?

• He rides bikes professionally. 

• He helps make new bikes.

• He has a job in bike sales.

• He is a presenter on a well-known cycling show.

7  Why does Mick suggest a new type of bicycle tyre?

• He’s tired of doing a tedious task again and again. 

• He likes technological advances.

• He’s afraid of accidents involving flat tyres.

• He has found himself many times without a good pump.

10 Although we lost, I’m not disappointed because we gave it our ___________.

• Biggest

• Most

• Best

• Strongest

GRAMMAR Taks 1   For questions 1–10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Predicting the future is a hazardous business. All we can say for (0) certain is that what we think will happen, (1) won’t. Technology is progressing at such a pace that it is highly (2) that machines we now use on a daily basis will (3) obsolete before the end of the decade. Similarly, the (4) are that machines we haven’t yet heard of will be commonplace. We may (5) be on the verge of another great technological leap, which will (6) certainly transform the way we interact with technology. Of course, this isn’t the first time mankind has felt the winds of change. At the end of the nineteenth century, a time when new inventions were patented daily, people (7) have felt as though everything was about to change. Many were concerned and felt that that they (8) to hold back scientific progress. (9) they had a point. The industrial revolution culminated in all-out industrial warfare. Hopefully, our technological revolution will have a peaceful ending. There’s a good (10) that new innovations will lead to better lives for everyone. Let’s make sure that’s the case. (5) ________

GRAMMAR Taks 1   For questions 1–10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Predicting the future is a hazardous business. All we can say for (0) certain is that what we think will happen, (1) won’t. Technology is progressing at such a pace that it is highly (2) that machines we now use on a daily basis will (3) obsolete before the end of the decade. Similarly, the (4) are that machines we haven’t yet heard of will be commonplace. We may (5) be on the verge of another great technological leap, which will (6) certainly transform the way we interact with technology. Of course, this isn’t the first time mankind has felt the winds of change. At the end of the nineteenth century, a time when new inventions were patented daily, people (7) have felt as though everything was about to change. Many were concerned and felt that that they (8) to hold back scientific progress. (9) they had a point. The industrial revolution culminated in all-out industrial warfare. Hopefully, our technological revolution will have a peaceful ending. There’s a good (10) that new innovations will lead to better lives for everyone. Let’s make sure that’s the case. (6) ________

GRAMMAR Taks 1   For questions 1–10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Predicting the future is a hazardous business. All we can say for (0) certain is that what we think will happen, (1) won’t. Technology is progressing at such a pace that it is highly (2) that machines we now use on a daily basis will (3) obsolete before the end of the decade. Similarly, the (4) are that machines we haven’t yet heard of will be commonplace. We may (5) be on the verge of another great technological leap, which will (6) certainly transform the way we interact with technology. Of course, this isn’t the first time mankind has felt the winds of change. At the end of the nineteenth century, a time when new inventions were patented daily, people (7) have felt as though everything was about to change. Many were concerned and felt that that they (8) to hold back scientific progress. (9) they had a point. The industrial revolution culminated in all-out industrial warfare. Hopefully, our technological revolution will have a peaceful ending. There’s a good (10) that new innovations will lead to better lives for everyone. Let’s make sure that’s the case. (9) ________

READING You are going to read an article about an organization called Future of Fish. Six paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A–G the one which fits each gap (1–5). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). Future of Fish Future of Fish is a non-profit organization that is helping entrepreneurs who hope to reinvent the seafood industry by attacking problems throughout the long-supply chains used by today’s industrialized fisheries. (0) C ‘We hope to change incentives for behaviour in the industry so it’s no longer profitable to overfish and to fish non-sustainably,’ founder Cheryl Dahle explained. ‘And we’re looking to reward sustainable behaviour with a better price.’ (1) ‘Estimates vary, but some 30% to 70% of the fish sold in the United States is mislabelled,’ Dahle said. ‘If fish is mislabelled, you don’t have a real choice to eat the right kind of fish. Until the marketplace becomes transparent, you can’t value fish for where it came from or how it was caught – and those are two of the main pillars of sustainability.’ In recent years, many popular fish species like orange roughy and bluefin tuna have collapsed under fishing pressure. Indeed, some studies suggest that today’s populations of large ocean fish are at just 10% of their pre- industrial levels. This is truly alarming. Some scientists warn that all fisheries could be in collapse by 2050. (2) Tough regulations is one way, but they often encounter pushback from the fishing industry. That’s why Future of Fish takes the view that forcing the industry to comply with restrictive rules can be counter-productive. The organization hopes to drive the adoption of more regulations by making them better for business. (3) ‘The truth is that fresh is not a regulated term,’ Dahle added. ‘It’s defined as not frozen or smoked, but fresh is in the nose of the salesman. Often what you are buying as fresh fish may be thirty days old. If people knew more about fish distribution, they would understand the value of buying fish that was landed just days before they eat it as opposed to weeks.’ (4) ‘Once you can track fish you have a perfect traceability chain,’ Dahle added. ‘Was this tuna part of a catch using fish aggregating devices? Was it caught legally? You can start to track some of these things that really matter for sustainability.’ Dahle believes that adopting such techniques can be good for the producer and the consumer as well as for the ocean environment and the sustainability of fish species. It is Dahle’s confident belief that many consumers are concerned enough about the health of our oceans to pay a premium for sustainably caught product. But she also stresses that, once they are being rewarded, such practices can spread throughout the larger seafood market as well. (5) At the same time, however, Dahle believes that this sector has plenty of room for growth. She sees no reason why it shouldn’t end up being more dominant. If that were to be the case, it would mean less pressure on ailing fish stocks. ‘There is no reason why you can’t take sustainably caught Alaskan salmon, and portion it properly and sell it at a price point that can be served in a fish taco,’ Dahle said. ‘It’s absolutely possible to do sustainable, affordable fish.’ A  Most of the fish is processed in major processing plants before being sent for distribution across the country. This is a time-consuming process and changes in the industry are long overdue. B  ‘Our approach is not a substitute for policy changes,’ Dahle said. ‘But we’re trying to re-engineer incentives through the ways fish are traded every day.’ Improving supply chains is a key component of the strategy Future of Fish has adopted. One area of concern is the industry’s confusing interpretation of how recently a fish has been taken from the sea. C  On its website, the organization claims to create business solutions to ocean challenges, and envisions a global seafood supply chain that rewards responsible fishing. It is a bold claim and one worthy of investigation. D  One company Dahle works with is using tag technology to keep tabs on the temperature of fish as it moves through the supply chain, to better monitor quality – this is especially important when it comes to sushi-grade products. E  The effort begins with making information more available, properly identifying fish, and tracking it all the way from sea to plate. Today’s consumers have little idea where, when, or how most of their fish was caught. In fact, genetic studies show they often don’t even know what kind of fish they are really buying. F  ‘The advent of Fair Trade has changed and improved the practices of a much larger portion of the supply chain, including large buyers,’ said Dahle. ‘This shows that the premium, sustainable market doesn’t have to be the largest percentage of the market to have a big influence.’ G  Despite such foreboding, however, there are some reasons to be optimistic, so long as action is taken sooner rather than later. Many fish populations have shown an ability to rebound if they are managed properly. The question is how best to achieve this. (5) ________