ACT Reading Exam 1 (In Book)

1. Read the passage and answer the following question. Dear Dr. Rodriguez, I am writing to request that you change my daughter Amelia's chemistry grade. Amelia is a brilliant and capable girl who does not deserve an F in your class. Incidentally, I am sure you recall our family's substantial donation to your school district last year. I was led to believe we would no longer be troubled by petty grade issues or incompetent teachers after I wrote that check. In fact, I feel compelled to forward this message to your superiors to make certain the issue is dealt with promptly, and to ensure that we have no future misunderstandings. Sincerely, Violetta D. Johannsen Question: What mood would this passage most likely evoke in the chemistry teacher, Dr. Rodriguez?

Fury

Glee

Calm

Respect

A. A teacher receiving a note like this would likely feel furious. See Lesson: Tone and Mood, Transition Words.

Explanation

A. A teacher receiving a note like this would likely feel furious. See Lesson: Tone and Mood, Transition Words.

2. A high school student is presenting research on how gender affects participation in her political science class. Study the graphic elements below and answer the question. Male students spend _____ of class time speaking.

3%

6%

30%

70%

D. The pie chart indicates the amount of time students of different genders contribute to discussions. The larger wedge for male speaking indicates that 70% of class discussion time is dominated by male speakers. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

D. The pie chart indicates the amount of time students of different genders contribute to discussions. The larger wedge for male speaking indicates that 70% of class discussion time is dominated by male speakers. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

3. A high school student is presenting research on how gender affects participation in her political science class. Study the graphic elements below and answer the question. Which statement accurately describes the average number of interruptions during each class discussion?

Male students are interrupted an average of six times.

Female students are interrupted an average of six times.

Male students interrupt others an average of three times.

Female students interrupt others an average of three times.

B. If you read the labels carefully, you will see that the bar graph shows how many times students of each gender are interrupted during class discussions. The graph shows that students are interrupted more often than male students. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

B. If you read the labels carefully, you will see that the bar graph shows how many times students of each gender are interrupted during class discussions. The graph shows that students are interrupted more often than male students. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

4. Read the text below and answer the following question. It is perhaps unsurprising that fad diets are so common given the level of obesity in American society. But over the long term, most fad diets are harmful both to the health and to the waistline. Many such diets advocate cutting out one major nutrient, such as fats or carbohydrates. Others suggest fasting over long periods or eating from fixed menu options that may not meet the body's needs. Most of these diets are highly impractical, and many lead directly or indirectly to binge eating and other unhealthy behaviors. Question: The topic of this paragraph is:

Fasting.

Obesity.

Fad diets.

Binge eating.

C. The topic of this paragraph is related to obesity, but it is more narrowly focused on the fad diets people use as they try to control their weight. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

C. The topic of this paragraph is related to obesity, but it is more narrowly focused on the fad diets people use as they try to control their weight. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

5. The diagram below provides information about the parts of a neuron (brain cell). Study the image and answer the question. What is the small, root-like part of the neuron on the top right called?

Axon

Nucleus

Dendrite

Myelin sheath

C. Labels name parts of the diagram and indicate them with lines pointing to the part of the picture to which they correspond. The small, root-like part of the neuron on the top right is a dendrite. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

C. Labels name parts of the diagram and indicate them with lines pointing to the part of the picture to which they correspond. The small, root-like part of the neuron on the top right is a dendrite. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

6. The diagram below provides information about the parts of a neuron (brain cell). Study the image and answer the question. Which question can be answered by consulting this diagram?

Why does the brain contain neurons?

Where is a nucleus located in a neuron?

What is the function of a myelin sheath?

How does a neuron interact with other cells?

B. A diagram illustrates what complex things look like and provides information about their parts. It cannot explain exactly what things do. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

B. A diagram illustrates what complex things look like and provides information about their parts. It cannot explain exactly what things do. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

7. Read the passage and answer the following question. Dear Dr. Rodriguez, I am writing to request that you change my daughter Amelia's chemistry grade. Amelia is a brilliant and capable girl who does not deserve an F in your class. Incidentally, I am sure you recall our family's substantial donation to your school district last year. I was led to believe we would no longer be troubled by petty grade issues or incompetent teachers after I wrote that check. In fact, I feel compelled to forward this message to your superiors to make certain the issue is dealt with promptly, and to ensure that we have no future misunderstandings. Sincerely, Violetta D. Johannsen Question: Which adjective best describes the tone of this passage?

Friendly

Arrogant

Hopeless

Respectful

B. The tone of this letter is hostile and arrogant as the author openly assumes her wealth and influence will secure a good chemistry grade for her daughter. See Lesson: Tone and Mood, Transition Words.

Explanation

B. The tone of this letter is hostile and arrogant as the author openly assumes her wealth and influence will secure a good chemistry grade for her daughter. See Lesson: Tone and Mood, Transition Words.

8. Read the following passage and answer the question. A growing focus on STEM—science, technology, engineering, and math—has brought funding and excitement for these subjects into schools. Meanwhile, the push for standardized testing is requiring teachers to devote a large proportion of class time to reading and math test preparation. One consequence of these dual trends is that schools are skimping on social studies instruction. Mindful world citizens need, at a minimum, a general awareness of foreign cultures, a passing familiarity with geography, and a basic understanding of history. If you're not sure your child's school is instilling these basic foundations of knowledge, you need to support your kids' learning yourself. Daunting as this may sound, it doesn't need to take an inordinate amount of time and effort. A good first step is to keep a globe or world map in a prominent location in your home. Whenever possible, refer to this resource in conversation. For instance, if your child is interested in a particular animal, point out where in the world it lives. If older children ask questions about the news, show them where current events are happening. If your budget allows it, keep a good children's atlas handy too. This will allow your conversations to go into greater depth if your children show interest. Children have ever-greater access to high-quality fiction about people and cultures around the world. If you're reading together about a foreign place or time—or if you see your older child picking up a historical or multicultural book—take a moment to find a children's nonfiction book on the same subject. If you don't have time to do this research during a family library trip, most libraries allow patrons to browse and order books online. Question: A careful reader of this article can infer that the author wants children to grow up to become:

STEM employees.

Successful teachers.

Multicultural patrons.

Mindful world citizens.

D. The author of this article assumes that all children should grow up to become mindful world citizens. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions.

Explanation

D. The author of this article assumes that all children should grow up to become mindful world citizens. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions.

9. In which of the following situations would it be best to use informal language?

Buying a suit

A birthday party.

A meeting at work.

Going to a work lunch.

B. A birthday party. It is an informal setting with friends and family. See Lesson: Formal and Informal Language.

Explanation

B. A birthday party. It is an informal setting with friends and family. See Lesson: Formal and Informal Language.

10. Which of the following sentences uses the MOST formal language?

We connect blonde hair with silliness.

We believe blonde hair means silliness.

Blonde hair is often associated with silliness.

People think blonde hair means silliness.

C. Blonde hair is often associated with silliness. The sentence is the most formal because it does not use pronouns and has more formal vocabulary. See Lesson: Formal and Informal Language.

Explanation

C. Blonde hair is often associated with silliness. The sentence is the most formal because it does not use pronouns and has more formal vocabulary. See Lesson: Formal and Informal Language.

11. A high school student is presenting research on how gender affects participation in her political science class. Study the graphic elements below and answer the question. Which argument does the information in the graphs best support?

Female students do not have as many ideas about political science as male students.

The class should make a greater effort to give students of both genders a fair chance to speak.

Contrary to popular belief, male students face greater gender discrimination in school settings.

There is no substantial difference between male and female students’ class participation in discussions.

B. The data in the chart and graph could help show that male students are receiving more chances to speak in class discussions, and that it would be a good idea to increase gender parity. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

Explanation

B. The data in the chart and graph could help show that male students are receiving more chances to speak in class discussions, and that it would be a good idea to increase gender parity. See Lesson: Summarizing Text and Using Text Features.

12. In which of the following situations would you use formal language?

Texting a friend.

A family reunion.

Skyping your grandparents.

At a Parent-Teacher meeting.

D. At a Parent-Teacher meeting. It is best to use formal language with a child's teacher to show respect. See Lesson: Formal and Informal Language.

Explanation

D. At a Parent-Teacher meeting. It is best to use formal language with a child's teacher to show respect. See Lesson: Formal and Informal Language.

13. Read the text below and answer the following question. It is perhaps unsurprising that fad diets are so common given the level of obesity in American society. But over the long term, most fad diets are harmful both to the health and to the waistline. Many such diets advocate cutting out one major nutrient, such as fats or carbohydrates. Others suggest fasting over long periods or eating from fixed menu options that may not meet the body's needs. Most of these diets are highly impractical, and many lead directly or indirectly to binge eating and other unhealthy behaviors. Question: If the author added a description of a man who attempted several fad diets and ended up heavier than ever, what type of information would this be?

A main idea

A topic sentence

A supporting detail

An off-topic sentence

C. A description of a failed experience with fad diets would function as a supporting detail in this paragraph about the negative consequences of fad diets. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

C. A description of a failed experience with fad diets would function as a supporting detail in this paragraph about the negative consequences of fad diets. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

14. Read the following text and answer the question. Fly Lake is the heart and soul of our town, and it needs our help. The environmental problems are obvious everywhere. The parking lot and path to the lake are strewn with beer cans and other litter. A half-dead grove of oaks bears the scars of a careless visitor's untended fire. Other trees are tagged with spray-painted graffiti. Any visitor who bothers to walk past this depressing scene all the way to the edge of the lake will notice piles of discarded fishing gear—but the fishing is terrible these days. Beneath the surface, hardly anything is still swimming. The lake has long been a source of recreation, tourist revenue, and food for the people of our town, but if current trends continue, it will no longer be able to fulfill any of these roles. For the greater good, we need funding and workers to clean up Fly Lake. Question: Which statement best expresses the unstated theme of the passage?

People who litter should pay hefty fines.

Caring for the environment benefits everyone.

If you start a campfire, don’t be careless with it.

Worthless human beings scar and defile the earth.

B. When finding a theme, steer away from options that only reflect a sentence or two, and from options that are not fully supported by the whole text. The entire passage makes an argument for cleaning up a polluted site because it would benefit everyone. See Lesson: Types of Passages, Text Structures, Genre and Theme.

Explanation

B. When finding a theme, steer away from options that only reflect a sentence or two, and from options that are not fully supported by the whole text. The entire passage makes an argument for cleaning up a polluted site because it would benefit everyone. See Lesson: Types of Passages, Text Structures, Genre and Theme.

15. Read the following passage and answer the question. A growing focus on STEM—science, technology, engineering, and math—has brought funding and excitement for these subjects into schools. Meanwhile, the push for standardized testing is requiring teachers to devote a large proportion of class time to reading and math test preparation. One consequence of these dual trends is that schools are skimping on social studies instruction. Mindful world citizens need, at a minimum, a general awareness of foreign cultures, a passing familiarity with geography, and a basic understanding of history. If you're not sure your child's school is instilling these basic foundations of knowledge, you need to support your kids' learning yourself. Daunting as this may sound, it doesn't need to take an inordinate amount of time and effort. A good first step is to keep a globe or world map in a prominent location in your home. Whenever possible, refer to this resource in conversation. For instance, if your child is interested in a particular animal, point out where in the world it lives. If older children ask questions about the news, show them where current events are happening. If your budget allows it, keep a good children's atlas handy too. This will allow your conversations to go into greater depth if your children show interest. Children have ever-greater access to high-quality fiction about people and cultures around the world. If you're reading together about a foreign place or time—or if you see your older child picking up a historical or multicultural book—take a moment to find a children's nonfiction book on the same subject. If you don't have time to do this research during a family library trip, most libraries allow patrons to browse and order books online. Question: This article is written for:

Parents

Children

Teachers

Policymakers

A. From phrases like “your child,” you can infer that the intended audience of this passage is parents. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions.

Explanation

A. From phrases like “your child,” you can infer that the intended audience of this passage is parents. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions.

16. Read the following passage and answer the question. A growing focus on STEM—science, technology, engineering, and math—has brought funding and excitement for these subjects into schools. Meanwhile, the push for standardized testing is requiring teachers to devote a large proportion of class time to reading and math test preparation. One consequence of these dual trends is that schools are skimping on social studies instruction. Mindful world citizens need, at a minimum, a general awareness of foreign cultures, a passing familiarity with geography, and a basic understanding of history. If you're not sure your child's school is instilling these basic foundations of knowledge, you need to support your kids' learning yourself. Daunting as this may sound, it doesn't need to take an inordinate amount of time and effort. A good first step is to keep a globe or world map in a prominent location in your home. Whenever possible, refer to this resource in conversation. For instance, if your child is interested in a particular animal, point out where in the world it lives. If older children ask questions about the news, show them where current events are happening. If your budget allows it, keep a good children's atlas handy too. This will allow your conversations to go into greater depth if your children show interest. Children have ever-greater access to high-quality fiction about people and cultures around the world. If you're reading together about a foreign place or time—or if you see your older child picking up a historical or multicultural book—take a moment to find a children's nonfiction book on the same subject. If you don't have time to do this research during a family library trip, most libraries allow patrons to browse and order books online. Question: Which sentence from the article shows the author's awareness that modern parents are often busy people?

A good first step is to keep a globe or world map in a prominent location in your home.

A growing focus on STEM—science, technology, engineering, and math—has brought funding and excitement for these subjects into schools.

B. The line about online library databases shows that the author understands that parents may need a convenient way to follow the article’s advice. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions.

Explanation

B. The line about online library databases shows that the author understands that parents may need a convenient way to follow the article’s advice. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions.

17. Which sentence does not display gender bias?

The parent who feeds her infant organic foods cares for her infant’s physical growth.

The parent who feeds his infant organic foods cares for his infant’s physical growth.

The parent who feeds an infant organic foods cares for the infant’s physical growth.

The parent who feeds their infant organic foods cares for her infant’s physical growth.

C. Writers can eliminate gender bias by replacing a pronoun with one, he, or she, or an article (a, an, the). See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

C. Writers can eliminate gender bias by replacing a pronoun with one, he, or she, or an article (a, an, the). See Lesson: Facts, Opinions, and Evaluating an Argument.

18. Read the following text and answer the question. WiseWear gear provides you with cutting-edge technology to enhance your performance and optimize your training. WiseWear products include sensors to track your heart rate, activity level, and calorie burn during workouts. Information is automatically uploaded to your phone and organized so you can track your improvement over time with just a tap of the screen. Concerned about comfort? We've got you covered. WiseWear clothing is made with high-tech synthetic compression fabrics to promote circulation and wick away sweat while you work out. Top-level pro athletes, like ultra-marathoner Uri Schmidt, rely on WiseWear for training and competition. Shouldn't you do the same? Question: Which detail from the passage, if true, is factual?

WiseWear transforms the user into a better and more informed athlete.

WiseWear gear is the most comfortable exercise clothing on the market.

WiseWear products contain sensors that track the user’s body signals.

WiseWear users are bound to improve at the sport of their choice over time.

C. Much of the information in this advertisement is not verifiable, but the fact that the clothing tracks the body’s signals with sensors is a fact. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

C. Much of the information in this advertisement is not verifiable, but the fact that the clothing tracks the body’s signals with sensors is a fact. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

19. Which of the following sentences uses the MOST informal language?

You need to bandage that wound.

I won’t do it.

Traveling for leisure is the best way to travel.

The young girl had an illness.

B. I won’t do it. It is the most informal sentence because it has a contraction. See Lesson: Formal and Informal Language.

Explanation

B. I won’t do it. It is the most informal sentence because it has a contraction. See Lesson: Formal and Informal Language.

20. Read the following passage and answer the question. Every time I visit the bookstore, I find a new science fiction title about post-apocalyptic survivors taking refuge in New York City's subway tunnels. Some of these survival stories are fun to read, but they have a pesky plausibility problem: if society collapses, those subway tunnels won't be there anymore—at least not for long. On a typical day in a functioning New York City, a crew of engineers works around the clock to pump about 13 million gallons of water out of the subway system, and a major rain event pushes that number up fast. What happens if you take the engineers—and the electricity to work the sump pumps—out of the equation? The first big storm will flood those tunnels, probably for good. At that point, any survivors left underground will have to grow gills or head for the surface. Question: Which graphic element would most clearly illustrate the author's point?

A schematic showing the depth and volume of all of New York City’s subway tunnels

A graph comparing the ridership of New York City’s subways with those of other major American cities

A table showing how much water runs through the New York City subway system in varying conditions

A New York City subway map showing emergency exits and detailing procedures for exiting the system during a flood

C. The author argues that the New York City subway system would not be a good place to take refuge after a major weather event if nobody were working to pump the water out. Information about the water would help illustrate that point. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

Explanation

C. The author argues that the New York City subway system would not be a good place to take refuge after a major weather event if nobody were working to pump the water out. Information about the water would help illustrate that point. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

21. Read the following text and answer the question. Fly Lake is the heart and soul of our town, and it needs our help. The environmental problems are obvious everywhere. The parking lot and path to the lake are strewn with beer cans and other litter. A half-dead grove of oaks bears the scars of a careless visitor's untended fire. Other trees are tagged with spray-painted graffiti. Any visitor who bothers to walk past this depressing scene all the way to the edge of the lake will notice piles of discarded fishing gear—but the fishing is terrible these days. Beneath the surface, hardly anything is still swimming. The lake has long been a source of recreation, tourist revenue, and food for the people of our town, but if current trends continue, it will no longer be able to fulfill any of these roles. For the greater good, we need funding and workers to clean up Fly Lake. Question: If this text were to continue for a few more paragraphs, which genre label would best apply to it?

Essay

Fable

History

Memoir

A. The author of this text is expressing a point of view in a short-form piece. This is most likely an essay. See Lesson: Types of Passages, Text Structures, Genre and Theme.

Explanation

A. The author of this text is expressing a point of view in a short-form piece. This is most likely an essay. See Lesson: Types of Passages, Text Structures, Genre and Theme.

22. Read the following text and answer the question. WiseWear gear provides you with cutting-edge technology to enhance your performance and optimize your training. WiseWear products include sensors to track your heart rate, activity level, and calorie burn during workouts. Information is automatically uploaded to your phone and organized so you can track your improvement over time with just a tap of the screen. Concerned about comfort? We've got you covered. WiseWear clothing is made with high-tech synthetic compression fabrics to promote circulation and wick away sweat while you work out. Top-level pro athletes, like ultra-marathoner Uri Schmidt, rely on WiseWear for training and competition. Shouldn't you do the same? Question: The purpose of this passage is to:

Decide.

Inform.

Persuade.

Entertain.

C. This is an advertisement. Although it includes some information its primary purpose is to convince you to buy something. This makes it a persuasive text. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

C. This is an advertisement. Although it includes some information its primary purpose is to convince you to buy something. This makes it a persuasive text. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

23. Read the passage and answer the following question. Dear Dr. Rodriguez, I am writing to request that you change my daughter Amelia's chemistry grade. Amelia is a brilliant and capable girl who does not deserve an F in your class. Incidentally, I am sure you recall our family's substantial donation to your school district last year. I was led to believe we would no longer be troubled by petty grade issues or incompetent teachers after I wrote that check. In fact, I feel compelled to forward this message to your superiors to make certain the issue is dealt with promptly, and to ensure that we have no future misunderstandings. Sincerely, Violetta D. Johannsen Question: Which phrase from the passage has an openly hostile and superior tone?

I am writing to request

Brilliant and capable

Incompetent teachers

To make certain

C. The author of the letter uses mostly polite language to make her arrogant request, but her language becomes openly hostile when she calls grading practices “petty” and accuses Dr. Rodriguez of being “incompetent.” See Lesson: Tone and Mood, Transition Words.

Explanation

C. The author of the letter uses mostly polite language to make her arrogant request, but her language becomes openly hostile when she calls grading practices “petty” and accuses Dr. Rodriguez of being “incompetent.” See Lesson: Tone and Mood, Transition Words.

24. If you are using a book for research but it contains more information than you need, which text feature is most likely to help you find the most important pages to read?

Index

Italics

Sidebars

Endnotes

A. The index tells which subtopics are covered on which pages of a book. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

Explanation

A. The index tells which subtopics are covered on which pages of a book. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

25. Read the following passage and answer the question. Every time I visit the bookstore, I find a new science fiction title about post-apocalyptic survivors taking refuge in New York City's subway tunnels. Some of these survival stories are fun to read, but they have a pesky plausibility problem: if society collapses, those subway tunnels won't be there anymore—at least not for long. On a typical day in a functioning New York City, a crew of engineers works around the clock to pump about 13 million gallons of water out of the subway system, and a major rain event pushes that number up fast. What happens if you take the engineers—and the electricity to work the sump pumps—out of the equation? The first big storm will flood those tunnels, probably for good. At that point, any survivors left underground will have to grow gills or head for the surface. Question: Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A Visit to a Bookstore

The Science of Growing Gills

A Refuge in Fiction, But Not in Fact

The Best Science Fiction of the Year

C. The main point of this paragraph is that science fiction often depicts a particular kind of post-apocalyptic survival scenario that would not work in fact. The title of the passage should reflect this idea. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

Explanation

C. The main point of this paragraph is that science fiction often depicts a particular kind of post-apocalyptic survival scenario that would not work in fact. The title of the passage should reflect this idea. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

26. Read the following text and answer the question. Fly Lake is the heart and soul of our town, and it needs our help. The environmental problems are obvious everywhere. The parking lot and path to the lake are strewn with beer cans and other litter. A half-dead grove of oaks bears the scars of a careless visitor's untended fire. Other trees are tagged with spray-painted graffiti. Any visitor who bothers to walk past this depressing scene all the way to the edge of the lake will notice piles of discarded fishing gear—but the fishing is terrible these days. Beneath the surface, hardly anything is still swimming. The lake has long been a source of recreation, tourist revenue, and food for the people of our town, but if current trends continue, it will no longer be able to fulfill any of these roles. For the greater good, we need funding and workers to clean up Fly Lake. Question: This passage is best described as:

Narrative.

Technical.

Persuasive.

Expository.

C. The paragraph is meant to convince the reader to pay for or otherwise help with the cleanup of Fly Lake. This makes it a persuasive text. See Lesson: Types of Passages, Text Structures, Genre and Theme.

Explanation

C. The paragraph is meant to convince the reader to pay for or otherwise help with the cleanup of Fly Lake. This makes it a persuasive text. See Lesson: Types of Passages, Text Structures, Genre and Theme.

27. Read the passage and answer the following question. Dear Dr. Rodriguez, I am writing to request that you change my daughter Amelia's chemistry grade. Amelia is a brilliant and capable girl who does not deserve an F in your class. Incidentally, I am sure you recall our family's substantial donation to your school district last year. I was led to believe we would no longer be troubled by petty grade issues or incompetent teachers after I wrote that check. In fact, I feel compelled to forward this message to your superiors to make certain the issue is dealt with promptly, and to ensure that we have no future misunderstandings. Sincerely, Violetta D. Johannsen Question: Which transition word or phrase from the passage adds emphasis to the writer's point?

And

After

In fact

Incidentally

C. The phrase “in fact” adds emphasis to the writer’s implicit point that she intends to make sure her daughter unfairly receives a high chemistry grade. See Lesson: Tone and Mood, Transition Words.

Explanation

C. The phrase “in fact” adds emphasis to the writer’s implicit point that she intends to make sure her daughter unfairly receives a high chemistry grade. See Lesson: Tone and Mood, Transition Words.

28. Read the following text and answer the question. WiseWear gear provides you with cutting-edge technology to enhance your performance and optimize your training. WiseWear products include sensors to track your heart rate, activity level, and calorie burn during workouts. Information is automatically uploaded to your phone and organized so you can track your improvement over time with just a tap of the screen. Concerned about comfort? We've got you covered. WiseWear clothing is made with high-tech synthetic compression fabrics to promote circulation and wick away sweat while you work out. Top-level pro athletes, like ultra-marathoner Uri Schmidt, rely on WiseWear for training and competition. Shouldn't you do the same? Question: The author most likely includes the detail about a famous ultra-marathoner in order to make readers:

Understand that WiseWear gear is factually the best on the market.

Take a weak position when they attempt to argue against the point.

Trust that scientists have really studied WiseWear gear and proven it worthy.

Feel an association between WiseWear products and a person they admire.

D. Celebrity endorsements in advertisements appeal to the emotions by associating a product for sale with a person who is widely admired. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

D. Celebrity endorsements in advertisements appeal to the emotions by associating a product for sale with a person who is widely admired. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

29. Read the following text and answer the question. Fly Lake is the heart and soul of our town, and it needs our help. The environmental problems are obvious everywhere. The parking lot and path to the lake are strewn with beer cans and other litter. A half-dead grove of oaks bears the scars of a careless visitor's untended fire. Other trees are tagged with spray-painted graffiti. Any visitor who bothers to walk past this depressing scene all the way to the edge of the lake will notice piles of discarded fishing gear—but the fishing is terrible these days. Beneath the surface, hardly anything is still swimming. The lake has long been a source of recreation, tourist revenue, and food for the people of our town, but if current trends continue, it will no longer be able to fulfill any of these roles. For the greater good, we need funding and workers to clean up Fly Lake. Question: Which two organizational schemes best describe the structure of the text?

Cause/effect and sequence

Problem-solution and description

Cause/effect and compare/contrast

Problem-solution and compare/contrast

B. The paragraph points out a problem at the beginning and offers a solution. In between, it describes the environmental problems at Fly Lake in a logical order. See Lesson: Types of Passages, Text Structures, Genre and Theme.

Explanation

B. The paragraph points out a problem at the beginning and offers a solution. In between, it describes the environmental problems at Fly Lake in a logical order. See Lesson: Types of Passages, Text Structures, Genre and Theme.

30. Read the following passage and answer the question. It is a well-known fact that CAT News is a so-called "fake news" site presenting highly biased and negatively influential stories to its viewers. Watching a CAT News broadcast feels like stepping into a slightly deranged and extremely angry alternate universe. Cynical exaggerations of violence dupe naïve viewers into believing the world is falling apart outside the confines of their gated retirement communities. Question: The opening sentence of this paragraph should raise a careful reader's suspicions because it:

Points out bias in the news.

Presents an opinion as a fact.

Uses quotation marks to indicate irony.

Falsely suggests a cause-and-effect relationship.

B. The criticism of CAT News in the opening sentence is suspicious because it states that a subjective position is a fact. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

B. The criticism of CAT News in the opening sentence is suspicious because it states that a subjective position is a fact. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

31. Read the following text and answer the question. WiseWear gear provides you with cutting-edge technology to enhance your performance and optimize your training. WiseWear products include sensors to track your heart rate, activity level, and calorie burn during workouts. Information is automatically uploaded to your phone and organized so you can track your improvement over time with just a tap of the screen. Concerned about comfort? We've got you covered. WiseWear clothing is made with high-tech synthetic compression fabrics to promote circulation and wick away sweat while you work out. Top-level pro athletes, like ultra-marathoner Uri Schmidt, rely on WiseWear for training and competition. Shouldn't you do the same? Question: The author of the passage includes details about WiseWear's comfort and ease of use in order to appeal to the reader's:

Reason.

Trust.

Feelings.

Knowledge.

C. The advertisement highlights several aspects of WiseWear gear, such as the comfort and ease of use, that suggest the potential customer will feel good using the products. These details appeal to the emotions. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

C. The advertisement highlights several aspects of WiseWear gear, such as the comfort and ease of use, that suggest the potential customer will feel good using the products. These details appeal to the emotions. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

32. Read the text below and answer the following question. It is perhaps unsurprising that fad diets are so common given the level of obesity in American society. But over the long term, most fad diets are harmful both to the health and to the waistline. Many such diets advocate cutting out one major nutrient, such as fats or carbohydrates. Others suggest fasting over long periods or eating from fixed menu options that may not meet the body's needs. Most of these diets are highly impractical, and many lead directly or indirectly to binge eating and other unhealthy behaviors. Question: Why doesn't a statistic about early childhood obesity rates belong in this paragraph?

It does not directly support the main idea that fad diets are harmful.

Readers might feel hopeless to solve the problem the author identifies.

Statistics should never be used as supporting details in persuasive writing.

It would act as a second topic sentence and confuse readers about the main idea.

A. Although a statistic about early childhood obesity might belong in a passage focusing on obesity rates, it would be off-topic information in this paragraph on the harm of fad dieting. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

A. Although a statistic about early childhood obesity might belong in a passage focusing on obesity rates, it would be off-topic information in this paragraph on the harm of fad dieting. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

33. Read the following passage and answer the question. Every time I visit the bookstore, I find a new science fiction title about post-apocalyptic survivors taking refuge in New York City's subway tunnels. Some of these survival stories are fun to read, but they have a pesky plausibility problem: if society collapses, those subway tunnels won't be there anymore—at least not for long. On a typical day in a functioning New York City, a crew of engineers works around the clock to pump about 13 million gallons of water out of the subway system, and a major rain event pushes that number up fast. What happens if you take the engineers—and the electricity to work the sump pumps—out of the equation? The first big storm will flood those tunnels, probably for good. At that point, any survivors left underground will have to grow gills or head for the surface. Question: Which information would belong in a sidebar alongside this text?

An illustration showing how a family of people might look if they all had gills behind their ears

A description of a subway’s electrified third rail and an explanation of how it works to power the train

A list of science fiction novels about people living in subway tunnels in a post-apocalyptic world

A description of the job qualifications of a subway engineer who works the pumps to keep the tunnels functional

C. Sidebar information should be peripheral to the text. That means it’s clearly related and interesting to the same audience. Here, the list of sci-fi novels would be the best option. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

Explanation

C. Sidebar information should be peripheral to the text. That means it’s clearly related and interesting to the same audience. Here, the list of sci-fi novels would be the best option. See Lesson: Evaluating and Integrating Data.

34. Read the following passage and answer the question. A growing focus on STEM—science, technology, engineering, and math—has brought funding and excitement for these subjects into schools. Meanwhile, the push for standardized testing is requiring teachers to devote a large proportion of class time to reading and math test preparation. One consequence of these dual trends is that schools are skimping on social studies instruction. Mindful world citizens need, at a minimum, a general awareness of foreign cultures, a passing familiarity with geography, and a basic understanding of history. If you're not sure your child's school is instilling these basic foundations of knowledge, you need to support your kids' learning yourself. Daunting as this may sound, it doesn't need to take an inordinate amount of time and effort. A good first step is to keep a globe or world map in a prominent location in your home. Whenever possible, refer to this resource in conversation. For instance, if your child is interested in a particular animal, point out where in the world it lives. If older children ask questions about the news, show them where current events are happening. If your budget allows it, keep a good children's atlas handy too. This will allow your conversations to go into greater depth if your children show interest. Children have ever-greater access to high-quality fiction about people and cultures around the world. If you're reading together about a foreign place or time—or if you see your older child picking up a historical or multicultural book—take a moment to find a children's nonfiction book on the same subject. If you don't have time to do this research during a family library trip, most libraries allow patrons to browse and order books online. Question: The author of this article assumes that:

Parents are eager to support their children's education.

Parents have unlimited time to support their kids' education.

Teachers do not like helping children learn about social studies.

Teachers all prefer STEM subjects and reading over social studies.

A. The author makes several references to time constraints but assumes that parents want their children to be well educated. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions.

Explanation

A. The author makes several references to time constraints but assumes that parents want their children to be well educated. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions.

35. Read the text below and answer the following question. It is perhaps unsurprising that fad diets are so common given the level of obesity in American society. But over the long term, most fad diets are harmful both to the health and to the waistline. Many such diets advocate cutting out one major nutrient, such as fats or carbohydrates. Others suggest fasting over long periods or eating from fixed menu options that may not meet the body's needs. Most of these diets are highly impractical, and many lead directly or indirectly to binge eating and other unhealthy behaviors. Question: The topic sentence of this paragraph is:

But over the long term, most fad diets are harmful both to the health and to the waistline.

Many such diets advocate cutting out one major nutrient, such as fats or carbohydrates.

It is perhaps unsurprising that fad diets are so common given the level of obesity in American society.

Most of these diets are highly impractical, and many lead directly or indirectly to binge eating and other unhealthy behaviors.

A. The first sentence of this paragraph leads the reader toward the main idea, which is expressed next in a topic sentence about the harmfulness of fad diets. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

A. The first sentence of this paragraph leads the reader toward the main idea, which is expressed next in a topic sentence about the harmfulness of fad diets. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

36. Read the following text and answer the question. WiseWear gear provides you with cutting-edge technology to enhance your performance and optimize your training. WiseWear products include sensors to track your heart rate, activity level, and calorie burn during workouts. Information is automatically uploaded to your phone and organized so you can track your improvement over time with just a tap of the screen. Concerned about comfort? We've got you covered. WiseWear clothing is made with high-tech synthetic compression fabrics to promote circulation and wick away sweat while you work out. Top-level pro athletes, like ultra-marathoner Uri Schmidt, rely on WiseWear for training and competition. Shouldn't you do the same? Question: With which statement would the author of this passage most likely agree?

Americans who work out put too much emphasis on performance and not enough on enjoyment.

People who do not buy high-end exercise gear do not deserve to get a good workout and stay healthy.

The best way to achieve a healthy body is to follow a simple exercise plan and avoid hyped-up gadgets.

Consumers want help pushing their bodies to the limit and gathering information about their exercise performance.

D. It is difficult to know much about the true feelings of advertising writers because it’s their job to sell products, not say what they believe. However, it is a fair bet that advertising writers believe people will pay money for products presented the way they describe. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

Explanation

D. It is difficult to know much about the true feelings of advertising writers because it’s their job to sell products, not say what they believe. However, it is a fair bet that advertising writers believe people will pay money for products presented the way they describe. See Lesson: Understanding the Author’s Purpose, Point of View, and Rhetorical Strategies.

37. Read the following passage and answer the question. It is a well-known fact that CAT News is a so-called "fake news" site presenting highly biased and negatively influential stories to its viewers. Watching a CAT News broadcast feels like stepping into a slightly deranged and extremely angry alternate universe. Cynical exaggerations of violence dupe naïve viewers into believing the world is falling apart outside the confines of their gated retirement communities. Question: Which detail from the passage suggests that it may be highly biased?

It suggests that undocumented immigrants are innocent victims.

It says all CAT News employees are “deranged and extremely angry.”

It criticizes a news organization that is obviously reputable.

It portrays CAT News viewers as unintelligent and out of touch.

D. The passage says CAT News stories “dupe naïve viewers”—a clear indication that the viewers are unintelligent and out of touch with reality. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

D. The passage says CAT News stories “dupe naïve viewers”—a clear indication that the viewers are unintelligent and out of touch with reality. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

38. Read the following passage and answer the question. A growing focus on STEM—science, technology, engineering, and math—has brought funding and excitement for these subjects into schools. Meanwhile, the push for standardized testing is requiring teachers to devote a large proportion of class time to reading and math test preparation. One consequence of these dual trends is that schools are skimping on social studies instruction. Mindful world citizens need, at a minimum, a general awareness of foreign cultures, a passing familiarity with geography, and a basic understanding of history. If you're not sure your child's school is instilling these basic foundations of knowledge, you need to support your kids' learning yourself. Daunting as this may sound, it doesn't need to take an inordinate amount of time and effort. A good first step is to keep a globe or world map in a prominent location in your home. Whenever possible, refer to this resource in conversation. For instance, if your child is interested in a particular animal, point out where in the world it lives. If older children ask questions about the news, show them where current events are happening. If your budget allows it, keep a good children's atlas handy too. This will allow your conversations to go into greater depth if your children show interest. Children have ever-greater access to high-quality fiction about people and cultures around the world. If you're reading together about a foreign place or time—or if you see your older child picking up a historical or multicultural book—take a moment to find a children's nonfiction book on the same subject. If you don't have time to do this research during a family library trip, most libraries allow patrons to browse and order books online. Question: Which conclusion is not supported by the article?

The author thinks teachers have limited time and energy.

The author thinks people benefit from understanding history.

The author thinks many parents read regularly with their kids.

The author thinks STEM instruction is a waste of children’s time.

D. The author does not suggest that STEM instruction is unimportant. The article says only that increased time spent on STEM instruction is often made at the expense of other subjects, like social studies. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions.

Explanation

D. The author does not suggest that STEM instruction is unimportant. The article says only that increased time spent on STEM instruction is often made at the expense of other subjects, like social studies. See Lesson: Understanding Primary Sources Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions.

39. Read the following passage and answer the question. It is a well-known fact that CAT News is a so-called "fake news" site presenting highly biased and negatively influential stories to its viewers. Watching a CAT News broadcast feels like stepping into a slightly deranged and extremely angry alternate universe. Cynical exaggerations of violence dupe naïve viewers into believing the world is falling apart outside the confines of their gated retirement communities. Question: One assumption behind the argument in this passage is that:

There were riots in Burgertown, Arizona.

Some reports by CAT News are exaggerated.

No violent drug dealers cross the border illegally.

Many CAT News viewers are wealthy and elderly.

D. The line about “gated retirement communities” suggests that CAT News viewers are wealthy and elderly. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

Explanation

D. The line about “gated retirement communities” suggests that CAT News viewers are wealthy and elderly. See Lesson: Facts Opinions and Evaluating an Argument.

40. Read the text below and answer the following question. It is perhaps unsurprising that fad diets are so common given the level of obesity in American society. But over the long term, most fad diets are harmful both to the health and to the waistline. Many such diets advocate cutting out one major nutrient, such as fats or carbohydrates. Others suggest fasting over long periods or eating from fixed menu options that may not meet the body's needs. Most of these diets are highly impractical, and many lead directly or indirectly to binge eating and other unhealthy behaviors. Read the following description of the paragraph: The author argues unfairly against fad diets without taking their good qualities into account. Question: Why is this not a valid description of the main idea?

It is not accurate; the author of the paragraph is stating facts, not opinions.

It is not objective; the person summarizing the main idea is adding a judgment.

It is not accurate; the author of the paragraph does not argue against fad diets.

It is not objective; the person summarizing the main idea ignores a sentence about the benefits of dieting.

B. Although this description of the paragraph would be valid in an opinion response, it is not merely a statement of the main idea because it adds the reader’s judgment about the paragraph. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

Explanation

B. Although this description of the paragraph would be valid in an opinion response, it is not merely a statement of the main idea because it adds the reader’s judgment about the paragraph. See Lesson: Main Ideas, Topic Sentences, and Supporting Details.

ACT Reading Exam 1 (In Book)

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. A high school student is presenting research on how gender affects participation in her political science class. Study the graphic elements below and answer the question. Male students spend _____ of class time speaking.

3. A high school student is presenting research on how gender affects participation in her political science class. Study the graphic elements below and answer the question. Which statement accurately describes the average number of interruptions during each class discussion?

5. The diagram below provides information about the parts of a neuron (brain cell). Study the image and answer the question. What is the small, root-like part of the neuron on the top right called?

6. The diagram below provides information about the parts of a neuron (brain cell). Study the image and answer the question. Which question can be answered by consulting this diagram?

9. In which of the following situations would it be best to use informal language?

10. Which of the following sentences uses the MOST formal language?

11. A high school student is presenting research on how gender affects participation in her political science class. Study the graphic elements below and answer the question. Which argument does the information in the graphs best support?

12. In which of the following situations would you use formal language?

17. Which sentence does not display gender bias?

19. Which of the following sentences uses the MOST informal language?

24. If you are using a book for research but it contains more information than you need, which text feature is most likely to help you find the most important pages to read?