Abnormal Early Pregnancy / Failed Pregnancy - Ob/GYN Class
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Implantation of the fertilized ovum that occurs anywhere other than the endometrial lining is referred to as ______________ ______________.
Explanation
Implantation of the fertilized ovum outside of the endometrial lining is known as an ectopic pregnancy. In a normal pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants in the endometrium of the uterus. However, in an ectopic pregnancy, the egg implants in other locations such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries, or abdominal cavity. Ectopic pregnancies are not viable and can be life-threatening if not detected and treated early.Rate this question:
- 2.
Choose all the appropriate causes for ectopic pregnancy.
- A.
Previous tube surgery
- B.
Diabetes Mellitus
- C.
PID
- D.
Endometriosis
- E.
Obesity
- F.
IUD usage
- G.
Developmental abnormality of tube
Correct Answer(s)
A. Previous tube surgery
C. PID
D. Endometriosis
F. IUD usage
G. Developmental abnormality of tubeExplanation
Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. Previous tube surgery can cause scarring or damage to the fallopian tube, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can also lead to scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes, making it more likely for the egg to implant in the wrong place. Endometriosis, a condition where the tissue lining the uterus grows outside of it, can affect the fallopian tubes and increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. IUD usage, particularly if it fails to prevent pregnancy, can also increase the chances of ectopic pregnancy. Developmental abnormalities of the tube can create an environment where the egg cannot properly travel to the uterus, leading to ectopic pregnancy. Obesity and diabetes mellitus do not directly cause ectopic pregnancy.Rate this question:
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- 3.
List the classic triad of presenting symptoms of ectopic pregnancy.***(In alphabetical order)
Correct Answer(s)
adnexal mass, bleeding, pain
bleeding, mass, painExplanation
The classic triad of presenting symptoms of ectopic pregnancy includes adnexal mass, bleeding, and pain. These symptoms are commonly seen in cases of ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. The presence of an adnexal mass, which refers to an abnormal growth near the ovaries or fallopian tubes, along with bleeding and pain, can indicate the possibility of an ectopic pregnancy. It is important to recognize these symptoms early on as ectopic pregnancies can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.Rate this question:
- 4.
In a normal pregnancy __________ levels double every ____(#) days.
Correct Answer(s)
HcG, 2
HcG, twoExplanation
In a normal pregnancy, the levels of HcG (human chorionic gonadotropin) double every two days. HcG is a hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy. Monitoring the levels of HcG can be used to confirm and track the progress of a pregnancy. The doubling of HcG levels every two days is considered a positive sign of a healthy pregnancy.Rate this question:
- 5.
With an ectopic pregnancy, HcG levels will platau, then increase rapidly, and decrease rapidly.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Levels will increase "slowly" and decrease "slowly".Rate this question:
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- 6.
The "most" frequent site for implantation of an ectopic pregnancy is in the _____________ portion of the tube.
Correct Answer
ampullary
ampullaExplanation
The correct answer is "ampullary." An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, and the most common site for this to happen is in the ampullary portion of the fallopian tube. The ampulla is the widest and longest part of the fallopian tube, making it a favorable location for implantation.Rate this question:
- 7.
The "second" most common site for ectopic implantation takes place in the _____________ region of the fallopian tube.
Correct Answer
isthmusExplanation
The "second" most common site for ectopic implantation takes place in the isthmus region of the fallopian tube.Rate this question:
- 8.
Which region of the fallopian tube is "very rare" for ectopic implantation?
Correct Answer
fimbriaExplanation
The fimbria is the part of the fallopian tube that is closest to the ovary. Ectopic implantation refers to the implantation of a fertilized egg outside of the uterus, which can result in a potentially life-threatening condition. The fimbria is not a common site for ectopic implantation, making it "very rare" for this to occur in this region of the fallopian tube.Rate this question:
- 9.
Name four "rare" sites for ectopic implantation.***(In alphabetical order)
Correct Answer
abdominal, cervical, cornual, ovary
abdomen, cervix, cornua, ovaryExplanation
The correct answer includes four sites for ectopic implantation, which are abdominal, cervical, cornual, and ovary. These sites refer to the locations where fertilized eggs can implant and develop outside of the uterus.Rate this question:
- 10.
An echogenic ring-like structure associated with ectopic pregnancy and displays color flow around it is referred to as the "__________ __________ __________".
Correct Answer
ring of fireExplanation
The term "ring of fire" is used to describe an echogenic ring-like structure associated with ectopic pregnancy that displays color flow around it. This term is commonly used in medical literature to refer to this specific ultrasound finding.Rate this question:
- 11.
A patient that presents with an ectopic pregnancy may have a collection of fluid in the ___________ (anterior or posterior?) cul-de-sac. If it ruptures there would also be fluid in ___________ ___________.
Correct Answer
posterior, Morrison's pouchExplanation
When a patient has an ectopic pregnancy, it means that the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. In this case, the question is asking about the location of fluid collection in the cul-de-sac, which is a space in the pelvic cavity. The correct answer is "posterior," indicating that the fluid would accumulate in the posterior cul-de-sac. If the ectopic pregnancy ruptures, the fluid would also be present in Morrison's pouch, which is another term for the space between the liver and the right kidney.Rate this question:
- 12.
When ectopic pregnancy may be suspected and the patient is presenting with a small collection of fluid within the endometrium, it is referred to as a ______________ sac.
Correct Answer
pseudogestationalExplanation
When a patient is suspected of having an ectopic pregnancy and presents with a small collection of fluid within the endometrium, it is referred to as a pseudogestational sac. This term is used to describe a fluid-filled structure that resembles a gestational sac, but is not actually indicative of a viable pregnancy. It may be seen in cases of ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus. The presence of a pseudogestational sac can help clinicians in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and determining the appropriate course of treatment.Rate this question:
- 13.
Diagnosis:Ectopic pregnancy should be considered if there is no evidence of normal _________ in the presence of _________ level of 800-1000 mlU/ml (2nd IS) or 1000-2000 mlU/ml (IRP).
Correct Answer
IUP, BhCG
intrauterine pregnancyExplanation
Ectopic pregnancy should be considered if there is no evidence of normal intrauterine pregnancy in the presence of BhCG level of 800-1000 mlU/ml (2nd IS) or 1000-2000 mlU/ml (IRP). This means that if there is no indication of a pregnancy inside the uterus and the levels of the hormone BhCG are within the specified range, it is likely that the pregnancy is ectopic, meaning it has implanted outside of the uterus.Rate this question:
- 14.
A type of failed pregnancy in which the fetus fails to develop is referred to as a ____________ ____________, aka ____________ pregnancy.
Correct Answer
blighted ovum, anembryonicExplanation
A blighted ovum, also known as an anembryonic pregnancy, occurs when a fertilized egg implants in the uterus, but the embryo does not develop. This results in an empty gestational sac without a viable fetus.Rate this question:
- 15.
In the case of a blighted ovum, there will be no identifiable embryo or yolk sac.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
In the case of a blighted ovum, the fertilized egg implants in the uterus but does not develop into an embryo. This means that there will be no identifiable embryo or yolk sac present. This condition is also known as anembryonic gestation and typically results in a miscarriage.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The gestational sac in a blighted ovum may appear too _________ (large, small or both?) for the gestational age and unusual in __________.
Correct Answer
both, shapeExplanation
In a blighted ovum, the gestational sac may appear both too large and too small for the gestational age. This means that it may be larger or smaller than expected based on the duration of the pregnancy. Additionally, the shape of the gestational sac may be unusual, deviating from the typical round or oval shape.Rate this question:
- 17.
If no yolk sac is visualized with a MSD of 10mm (TV), pregnancy should be scanned again in ____(#) to ____(#) days to rule out blighted ovum.
Correct Answer
3, 7
3 7Explanation
If no yolk sac is visualized with a mean sac diameter (MSD) of 10mm on transvaginal ultrasound, it is suggestive of a blighted ovum. To confirm this, the pregnancy should be rescanned within 3 to 7 days. This is because the absence of a yolk sac at this stage could indicate an abnormal pregnancy, and rescanning after a few days allows for further evaluation and confirmation of the diagnosis.Rate this question:
- 18.
Lab Values:With a blighted ovum, serum ____________ levels may fall or be subnormal. HcG levels may rise ____________ (quickly or slowly?) --not at the proper rate--then begin to ____________.
Correct Answer
progesterone, slowly, taperExplanation
In a case of blighted ovum, the levels of serum progesterone may fall or be lower than normal. Additionally, the levels of HcG (human chorionic gonadotropin) may rise slowly instead of at the proper rate. Eventually, the HcG levels may begin to taper off. This suggests that the pregnancy is not progressing as it should and may result in a miscarriage.Rate this question:
- 19.
There are several different forms of abortion. An elective termination is referred to as a ___________ abortion.
Correct Answer
therapeuticExplanation
An elective termination is referred to as a therapeutic abortion. This term is used to describe an abortion that is performed for medical reasons, such as to protect the physical or mental health of the mother or in cases where the fetus has severe abnormalities. Unlike other forms of abortion, which may be performed for personal or social reasons, a therapeutic abortion is considered necessary for the well-being of the mother.Rate this question:
- 20.
If a pregnant patient presents with bloody vaginal discharge, bleeding, and cramping at <20 weeks gestation, what type of abortion would be presumed?
Correct Answer
threatenedExplanation
In this scenario, the correct answer is "threatened." When a pregnant patient presents with bloody vaginal discharge, bleeding, and cramping at less than 20 weeks gestation, it is indicative of a threatened abortion. A threatened abortion refers to vaginal bleeding during pregnancy that may or may not lead to the loss of the fetus. It is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor the patient and provide appropriate care to prevent further complications.Rate this question:
- 21.
A(n) ___________ abortion (aka ___________ abortion) is signaled by the ruture of membrances in the presence of cervical dilation.
Correct Answer
inevitable, pending
pending, inevitableExplanation
Inevitable abortion, also known as pending abortion, is characterized by the rupture of membranes in the presence of cervical dilation. This means that the abortion is unavoidable and will happen soon, as indicated by the rupture of the membranes and the opening of the cervix.Rate this question:
- 22.
Oligohydramnios and cervical funneling may be seen sonographically with ___________ abortion.
Correct Answer
inevitable
pendingExplanation
Oligohydramnios and cervical funneling may be seen sonographically with both inevitable and pending abortion. Inevitable abortion refers to a situation where the termination of pregnancy is imminent and cannot be prevented. On the other hand, pending abortion refers to a situation where the termination of pregnancy is likely to occur but has not yet happened. Both conditions can cause changes in the amniotic fluid levels and the cervix, which can be visualized through ultrasound.Rate this question:
- 23.
Retention of parts of conception is referred to as a(n) ____________ abortion.
Correct Answer
incompleteExplanation
Retention of parts of conception is referred to as an incomplete abortion. This term is used when some fetal or placental tissue remains in the uterus after a pregnancy has ended. It can occur spontaneously or as a result of a medical or surgical abortion. Incomplete abortion may cause symptoms such as heavy bleeding, cramping, and abdominal pain. It is important to seek medical attention if an incomplete abortion is suspected, as it can lead to complications if not treated appropriately.Rate this question:
- 24.
In a spontaneous loss of pregnancy where all the products of conception evacuate, it is referred to as a(n) ____________ abortion of ____________ abortion.
Correct Answer
complete, spontaneous
spontaneous, completeExplanation
In a spontaneous loss of pregnancy where all the products of conception evacuate, it is referred to as a complete abortion. This means that all the contents of the uterus, including the fetus and placenta, are expelled. The term "spontaneous" is used to indicate that the abortion occurred naturally, without any medical intervention. Therefore, the correct answer is "complete, spontaneous". The answer "spontaneous, complete" is incorrect because it reverses the order of the terms.Rate this question:
- 25.
If a patient has a spontaneous abortion, there will be a __________ (rapid or slow?) decline in HcG levels, vaginal bleeding with the presence of tissue/clots, cramping, and the disappearance of pregnancy symptoms.
Correct Answer
rapidExplanation
A spontaneous abortion, also known as a miscarriage, refers to the loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. In such cases, there will be a rapid decline in HcG levels, which is the hormone produced during pregnancy. This decline occurs because the pregnancy is no longer viable. Additionally, vaginal bleeding with the presence of tissue/clots, cramping, and the disappearance of pregnancy symptoms are common signs of a spontaneous abortion.Rate this question:
- 26.
Sonographic appearance of a spontaneous abortion:The uterus will be ___________.
Correct Answer
emptyExplanation
The correct answer is "empty" because in a spontaneous abortion, also known as a miscarriage, the uterus will be empty as the pregnancy has been lost. This means that there will be no gestational sac or fetus visible on the ultrasound.Rate this question:
- 27.
A ___________ abortion is diagnosed when an embryo is identified lacking cardiac motion. Patient may or may not have bleeding and is retaining the demised embryo.
Correct Answer
missedExplanation
A missed abortion is diagnosed when an embryo is identified lacking cardiac motion. This means that the pregnancy has stopped developing, but the body has not yet expelled the pregnancy tissue. The patient may or may not experience bleeding, but the embryo is still retained in the uterus.Rate this question:
- 28.
If a patient has 3 or more miscarriages or spontaneous abortions, it is considered a ____________ abortion.
Correct Answer
habitualExplanation
If a patient has 3 or more miscarriages or spontaneous abortions, it is considered a habitual abortion. This term is used to describe a pattern or tendency of recurrent miscarriages in a woman. It indicates that the patient has experienced multiple pregnancy losses, which can be distressing and may require further investigation and medical intervention to identify and address any underlying causes.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jan 10, 2011Quiz Created by
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