1.
(באלו מקורות אנרגטיים נשתמש (בעיקר) בריצת 80 מטר תחרותית (6-7 שניות
Correct Answer
C. CRP-ATP
Explanation
CRP-ATP is the correct answer because it is the main source of energy used during short, intense bursts of exercise like a 80-meter sprint. CRP-ATP stands for creatine phosphate-adenosine triphosphate, which is a high-energy molecule stored in the muscles. When the muscles need a quick burst of energy, CRP-ATP is broken down to release ATP, which is then used for muscle contraction. This energy system is used for activities that require a rapid and powerful movement, such as sprinting.
2.
מנגנון CRP-ATP
Correct Answer
D. מקור אנרגיה עיקרי בריצת 100 מטר באולימפיאדה
Explanation
The correct answer is "מקור אנרגיה עיקרי בריצת 100 מטר באולימפיאדה" (The main source of energy in a 100-meter sprint in the Olympics). This is because the question mentions that the CRP-ATP mechanism only works in the presence of enriched oxygen, requires a significant amount of energy for a long period of activity, and only functions in the presence of lactic acid. None of these statements directly relate to the main source of energy in a 100-meter sprint, which is why the correct answer is the one that does.
3.
תוצר הלוואי של פירוק מולקולות עתירות אנרגיה הם :
Correct Answer
D. אין תשובה נכונה
Explanation
The question is asking for the product of the decomposition of high-energy molecules. However, none of the given options accurately represent the products of the decomposition. Therefore, the correct answer is that there is no correct answer.
4.
כמות ה אי טי פי המצויה בשרירים מספיקה ל
Correct Answer
C. ביצוע אחד של הטלת כידון
Explanation
The amount of ATP present in muscles is sufficient for the execution of one shot put throw.
5.
בעת הגשת חבטת פתיחה בטניס מקור האנרגיה העיקרי יהיה
Correct Answer
A. ATP
Explanation
During the execution of a tennis stroke, such as a serve, the main source of energy comes from ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is a molecule that stores and releases energy for cellular processes, including muscle contraction. When a tennis player hits the ball, ATP is broken down into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), releasing energy that is used by the muscles to generate the necessary force for the stroke. Therefore, ATP is the primary source of energy during the execution of a tennis stroke.
6.
באילו מקורות אנרגטיים נשתמש בריצת 600 מטר (משך זמן הריצה 75 שניות
Correct Answer
B. בעיקר גלוקוז
Explanation
The correct answer is "בעיקר גלוקוז" (mainly glucose). During intense exercise, the body primarily relies on glucose as a source of energy. Glucose is broken down through a process called glycolysis to produce ATP, which is the main energy currency of cells. This is because glucose can be rapidly metabolized to provide quick energy for the muscles. While other energy sources like proteins and fatty acids can also be used during exercise, glucose is the preferred fuel for high-intensity activities due to its efficiency and availability.
7.
המנגנון הגליקוליטי האנאירובי
Correct Answer
C. מייצר חומצת חלב
Explanation
The correct answer states that the glycolytic anaerobic mechanism produces lactic acid. This is because during intense exercise, when there is insufficient oxygen available, the body relies on anaerobic metabolism to produce energy. In this process, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, which is then converted into lactic acid. This allows for the continuation of energy production in the absence of oxygen. Lactic acid buildup can lead to muscle fatigue and soreness.
8.
בביצוע 4 מאוצים למרחק של 200 מטר במהירות מרבית (עם 10 שניות הפסקה בין כל מאוץ ,משך הכול מאוץ 20 שניות
Correct Answer
B. נשתמש בגלוקוז שמקורו בפחמימות
Explanation
The correct answer is "נשתמש בגלוקוז שמקורו בפחמימות" (We will use glucose derived from carbohydrates). This is because glucose is the main source of energy for the body during exercise, especially for high-intensity activities like sprinting. Carbohydrates are the primary source of glucose in the body, so consuming carbohydrates before and during the exercise will provide the necessary fuel for the athlete's muscles and improve their performance.
9.
התהליך שבו מתפרק שומן בתהליך האנאירובי
Correct Answer
D. תהליך אנאירובי של פירוק שומן אינו קיים
Explanation
The answer states that the process of aerobic fat breakdown does not exist. This means that the breakdown of fat through aerobic metabolism, which requires oxygen, is not possible.
10.
למי מהספורטאים הבאים חשוב מאוד לאתר במדויק את סף הצטברות חומצת החלב
Correct Answer
A. רץ למרחקים ארוכים
Explanation
The correct answer is "רץ למרחקים ארוכים" because lactate threshold is an important factor for endurance athletes, such as long-distance runners. Lactate threshold refers to the level at which lactate starts to accumulate in the blood during exercise. By accurately determining their lactate threshold, athletes can optimize their training and performance. Therefore, it is crucial for long-distance runners to know their lactate threshold.
11.
במאמץ מרבי של דקה יופעל בעיקר
Correct Answer
C. מנגנון האנאירובי לקטי
Explanation
The correct answer is "מנגנון האנאירובי לקטי" because it is stated in the question that the mechanism that will primarily be activated in a maximum effort of a minute is the "לקטי" (anaerobic) mechanism. The other options, "מנגנון האירובי לקטי" (aerobic mechanism), "מנגנון האנאירובי אלקטי" (electro-anaerobic mechanism), and "מנגנון אירובי" (aerobic mechanism), are not mentioned in the question as being primarily activated in a maximum effort of a minute.
12.
אצל רצי 400-200 מטר משך ריצה של 20 עד 45 שניות נוכל למצוא
Correct Answer
D. כל התשובות נכונות
Explanation
The correct answer is "all answers are correct." This means that all of the statements mentioned in the question are true. According to the given information, at a distance of 400-200 meters, a running duration of 20-45 seconds indicates a high ability to recover quickly between short intense efforts. Additionally, the individual has a high ability to operate at high levels of lactic acid concentrations and can remove larger quantities of lactic acid compared to an untrained person.
13.
התאוששות הטובה ביותר מיד לאחר משחק טניס תתבצע
Correct Answer
D. על ידי ריצת שחרור בקצב קל עד בנוני
Explanation
The best recovery after a tennis game will be achieved by performing a light to moderate pace cooldown run. This will help the body gradually transition from the intense activity of the game to a more relaxed state. It allows the muscles to gradually cool down and prevents the build-up of lactic acid, reducing muscle soreness and stiffness. This type of cooldown run promotes blood flow and helps remove waste products from the muscles, aiding in their recovery.
14.
המנגנון האירובי
Correct Answer
A. פועל רק בנוכחות חמצן
Explanation
The aerobic mechanism only operates in the presence of oxygen, which means that it requires oxygen to produce energy. This mechanism provides energy for the first 10 seconds of activity and produces lactic acid. In the context of a 200-meter sprint in the Olympics, the aerobic mechanism is the main source of energy for the first 19 seconds of the race.
15.
ATP התהליך העיקרי של יצור
Correct Answer
C. מתבצע בעיקר במטוכנדריה
Explanation
The correct answer is "מתבצע בעיקר במטוכנדריה" (mainly occurs in the mitochondria). This is because ATP production, which is the main process of energy production in cells, primarily occurs in the mitochondria. The mitochondria are known as the "powerhouse" of the cell because they produce ATP through cellular respiration, using glucose and glycogen as a source of energy. Therefore, the statement that ATP production mainly occurs in the mitochondria is correct.
16.
המנגנון האירובי
Correct Answer
A. ATP הינו בעל יכולת לטעון משומן
Explanation
ATP הינו בעל יכולת לטעון משומן, זאת אומרת שהוא מסוגל להשתמש במשומן כמקור אנרגיה. זה חשוב במיוחד בפעילות גופנית אינטנסיבית כמו ריצת 400 מטר באולימפידה, שבה נדרשת כמות גבוהה של אנרגיה. המנגנון האירובי, שמייצר חומצת חלב פחמן דו חמצני ומים, מספק כמות אנרגיה קטנה מאוד לעומת ATP. לכן, ATP הוא המקור העיקרי לאנרגיה במהלך ריצת 400 מטר באולימפידה שמשך 45 שניות.
17.
בריצת מרתון תחרותית יופעל בעיקר
Correct Answer
B. מנגנון אירובי
Explanation
The correct answer is "מנגנון אירובי" (aerobic mechanism). This is because a marathon is a long-distance race that requires endurance and the ability to maintain a steady pace for an extended period of time. The aerobic mechanism is the body's ability to use oxygen to produce energy for sustained exercise. This mechanism relies on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to deliver oxygen to the muscles and remove waste products, allowing the body to continue performing at a moderate intensity for a prolonged period.
18.
באילו מענפי הספורט הבאים ישנה חשיבות רבה לצח"מ גבוה
Correct Answer
D. לשחיינים של 800 מטר שחייב של 7 וחצי דקות
Explanation
The correct answer is "לשחיינים של 800 מטר שחייב של 7 וחצי דקות". This is because in swimming, the time it takes to complete a certain distance is crucial. In this case, swimmers who compete in the 800-meter race are required to finish within 7 and a half minutes. This emphasizes the importance of achieving a high performance and speed in this specific branch of sports.
19.
עם תוכנית אימונים נכונה במנגנון אירובי
Correct Answer
D. כל התשובות נכונות
Explanation
The given statement states that with a proper training program in aerobic mechanism, we can expect an improvement in physical fitness. It also suggests that the athlete's ability to recover and sustain effort levels at moderate to high intensities improves. Therefore, all the answers provided are correct as they all align with the statement.
20.
המדד הטוב ביותר ליכולת הספק אירובי של ספורטאי בבדיקה במעבדה הינו
Correct Answer
D. ביצוע מבחן צריכת חמצן מרבית
Explanation
The best indicator of an athlete's aerobic capacity in a laboratory test is performing a maximal oxygen consumption test. This test measures the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense exercise. It is considered the gold standard for assessing aerobic fitness and is a reliable measure of an athlete's cardiovascular endurance. By measuring an athlete's maximal oxygen consumption, it provides valuable information about their aerobic capacity and their ability to sustain high-intensity exercise.
21.
באילו מהפעילויות הבאות נצפה להגיע לצריכת חמצן מרבית אצל הספורטאי
Correct Answer
C. בסיום ריצת הגמר למרחק 1500 מטר באליפות העולם משך הרצה 4 דקות
Explanation
בסיום ריצת הגמר למרחק 1500 מטר באליפות העולם משך הרצה 4 דקות. ריצת מרחק כזה מחייבת מאמץ גופני רב וצריכת חמצן מרבית, מאחר והגוף צריך לספק אנרגיה לפעילות מתמשכת ומאמץ גבוה. בנוסף, הריצה במרחק כזה מקריאה לצריכת חמצן רבה כדי לתמוך בתהליך החילוף האנרובי בשרירים, המאפשר לשרירים להמשיך לפעול במצב של חוסר חמצן.
22.
כאשר ספורטאי יכול לרוץ מהר יותר מרחק של 2 קמ זמן ריצה של 7 דקות המשמעות היא
Correct Answer
C. יכולתו האירובית טובה יותר והוא יכול לרוץ מהר יותר בריכוזי חומצת חלב דומים או נמוכים יותר
Explanation
The correct answer is that the athlete's aerobic capacity has improved, allowing them to run faster at lower lactate concentrations.
23.
שומנים כמקור אנרגיה לפעילות גופנית
Correct Answer
B. תורמים אך ורק לפעילות גופנית אירובית
Explanation
The correct answer states that fats contribute only to aerobic physical activity. This means that fats are primarily used as a source of energy during aerobic exercise, where the body requires a constant supply of oxygen. Fats are broken down and converted into energy to fuel the muscles during prolonged, low-intensity activities such as jogging, cycling, or swimming. In contrast, other energy sources like carbohydrates are used for anaerobic activities that require short bursts of intense effort, such as weightlifting or sprinting. Therefore, fats play a specific role in providing energy for aerobic exercise.
24.
בעת מאמץ של 30 דקות בעומס תת מרבי עומס בנוני 75 אחוז המערכת האנרגטית הדומיננטית תהיה
Correct Answer
A. המערכת האירובית
Explanation
During a 30-minute exercise at 75% of the maximum submaximal load, the dominant energy system will be the aerobic system. The aerobic system utilizes oxygen to produce energy and is most efficient for prolonged exercise at moderate intensities. The other options mentioned, such as the system that converts glucose to lactic acid and the system that utilizes creatine phosphate, are anaerobic systems that are more predominant during short bursts of high-intensity exercise. Therefore, the correct answer is the aerobic system.
25.
רץ 400 מ שיא עולמי 43.18 שניות יפתח באימוניו בעיקר את
Correct Answer
A. תהליכי הגליקוליזה האנאירוביים
Explanation
The correct answer is "תהליכי הגליקוליזה האנאירוביים" (anaerobic glycolysis). This is because anaerobic glycolysis is the process by which the body produces energy in the absence of oxygen. During intense exercise, such as sprinting, the body relies on anaerobic glycolysis to quickly produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for energy. This process breaks down glucose into pyruvate and then converts it into lactate, which can be used as a source of energy. Therefore, it is likely that Yiftach developed his ability to perform at a high intensity for 400 meters and set a world record time of 43.18 seconds by primarily training his anaerobic glycolysis system.
26.
פינוי ונטרול חומצת חלב יכול להתבצע על ידי
Correct Answer
D. כל התשובות נכונות
Explanation
All of the options mentioned can be used for the neutralization and disposal of lactic acid. Sodium bicarbonate can be used to neutralize the acid, transferring the acid to less efficient cells can be a method of disposal, and the liver's Cori cycle can also help in the breakdown and removal of lactic acid. Therefore, all of the answers are correct.
27.
ATP באיזה מהתהליכים הבאים מושקעת אנרגיית
Correct Answer
D. גליקוליזה אנארובית
Explanation
In the process of anaerobic glycolysis, energy is derived from the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is used to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The other options mentioned, such as the Krebs cycle and the respiratory chain, require oxygen to generate ATP. Therefore, anaerobic glycolysis is the process where energy is derived from the breakdown of glucose without the need for oxygen.
28.
קצב הלב במאמץ מרבי
Correct Answer
C. דומה במאומן ובלא מאומן
Explanation
The explanation for the answer "דומה במאומן ובלא מאומן" is that the heart rate during maximum effort is similar whether the person is trained or untrained. This means that the level of fitness does not significantly affect the heart rate response during intense exercise. The heart rate response may vary depending on factors such as age and weight, but training status does not seem to have a significant impact on it.
29.
נפח הפעימה במאמץ תת מרבי נתון
Correct Answer
A. גבוה יותר במאומן
Explanation
The given answer states that the volume of the breath during maximum effort is higher in trained individuals compared to untrained individuals. This suggests that regular exercise and training can improve lung capacity and respiratory function, leading to a greater volume of breath during strenuous activity. The answer also implies that the volume of breath is not dependent on age in the specified age range of 20-50 years.
30.
קצב הלב במנוחה
Correct Answer
B. גבוה יותר בלא מאומן
Explanation
The correct answer is "גבוה יותר בלא מאומן" which means "higher in untrained individuals". This suggests that the resting heart rate is higher in individuals who are not trained or do not engage in regular physical activity. Regular exercise and physical fitness can lead to a lower resting heart rate as the heart becomes more efficient at pumping blood. Therefore, individuals who are not trained or do not engage in physical activity are likely to have a higher resting heart rate.
31.
איזה מבין המשפטים הבאים אינו תמיד נכון
Correct Answer
A. בעורקים זורם דם עשיר בחמצן CO2 בוורידים זורם דם עשיר ב
Explanation
In the given sentence, it is stated that "In the arteries, blood flows rich in CO2, in the veins blood flows towards the heart." This statement is incorrect because in reality, in the arteries, blood flows rich in oxygen (not CO2) and in the veins, blood flows towards the heart.
32.
ההבדל בין עורקים לוורידים הוא
Correct Answer
E. כל התשובות נכונות
Explanation
The correct answer is that all of the answers are correct. The difference between arteries and veins includes the direction of blood flow, the amount of oxygen in them, and the thickness of the middle layer. Therefore, options A and C are correct. Additionally, option B is also correct because the amount of oxygen in arteries and veins is different. Therefore, the correct answer is that all of the answers are correct.
33.
נפח הפעימה במנוחה
Correct Answer
A. גבוה יותר במאומן
Explanation
The given answer states that the volume of the breath is higher in a trained individual compared to an untrained individual. This suggests that regular exercise or training can improve lung capacity, allowing the individual to take in more air with each breath. The answer also mentions that the volume of the breath may depend on the age of the person being tested, specifically between the ages of 20-50.
34.
נפח הפעימה במאמץ מרבי
Correct Answer
A. גבוה יותר במאומן
Explanation
The volume of the lung at maximum effort is higher in a trained individual because regular exercise and physical training can increase lung capacity and efficiency. This allows trained individuals to take in more air and oxygen during intense physical activity, resulting in a higher lung volume.
35.
המשפט הנכון ביותר הוא
Correct Answer
B. דם מחומצן זורם בעורקים חוץ מבמחזור הדם הריאתי
Explanation
This answer states that oxygenated blood flows in the arteries except in the pulmonary circulation. The pulmonary circulation is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated. Therefore, this answer accurately describes the flow of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the circulatory system.
36.
הדם בחלקו השמאלי של הלב
Correct Answer
C. מגיע בורידי הריאה ויוצא לאבי העורקים
Explanation
The correct answer is "מגיע בורידי הריאה ויוצא לאבי העורקים". This means that the blood in the left side of the heart comes through the pulmonary veins and exits through the aorta.
37.
תפוקת הלב במנוחה
Correct Answer
C. דומה במאומן ובלא מאומן
Explanation
The correct answer is "דומה במאומן ובלא מאומן" which means "similar in trained and untrained". This suggests that the heart rate at rest is similar regardless of whether the person is trained or untrained. It also implies that the level of training does not have a significant impact on resting heart rate.
38.
סיבי השריר הלבנים
Correct Answer
B. בעלי מהירות כיווץ גבוהה
Explanation
The correct answer is "בעלי מהירות כיווץ גבוהה" because the term "סיבי השריר הלבנים" refers to the white muscle fibers, which are responsible for fast and powerful contractions. These muscle fibers have a high contraction speed and are capable of generating a large amount of force quickly.
39.
אימון כוח עשוי לגרום ל
Correct Answer
C. עליה בנפח סיבי השריר
Explanation
Strength training is known to increase muscle fiber volume. When we engage in strength training exercises, our muscles undergo microscopic damage, which stimulates the body to repair and rebuild the muscle fibers. This repair process leads to an increase in the size and volume of the muscle fibers, resulting in an overall increase in muscle mass and strength. Therefore, the correct answer is "עליה בנפח סיבי השריר" (an increase in muscle fiber volume).
40.
היפרטרופיה מוגדרת כ
Correct Answer
A. עליה בנפח סיבי השריר
Explanation
היפרטרופיה מוגדרת כעליה בנפח סיבי השריר. זה אומר שיש גידול בגודל השרירים עקב גידול במספר הסיבים השריריים.
41.
בסיבי שריר אדומים קיימים
Correct Answer
A. כמויות גדולות של מיוגלובין
Explanation
The correct answer is "כמויות גדולות של מיוגלובין" because the question is asking about the presence of large amounts of myoglobin in red muscle fibers. Myoglobin is a protein that stores oxygen in muscle cells, and it is especially abundant in red muscle fibers which are responsible for endurance activities. Therefore, the presence of large amounts of myoglobin in red muscle fibers is a characteristic feature of these muscle fibers.
42.
בסיבי שריר לבנים קיימים
Correct Answer
A. מס רב וכמות גדולה של חלבונים מתכווצים
Explanation
In skeletal muscles, muscle contraction occurs when the muscle fibers shorten. This contraction is mediated by the sliding of actin and myosin filaments within the muscle fibers. Actin and myosin are proteins responsible for muscle contraction. Therefore, a high number and a large quantity of proteins contracting would result in muscle contraction. This is consistent with the statement "מס רב וכמות גדולה של חלבונים מתכווצים" which translates to "a high number and a large quantity of proteins contracting."
43.
תדירות הנשימה במנוחה
Correct Answer
C. דומה במאומן ובלא מאומן
Explanation
The correct answer is "דומה במאומן ובלא מאומן". This means that the respiratory rate at rest is similar whether the person is exercising or not. This suggests that the person's breathing rate is not significantly affected by physical activity and remains relatively constant. The answer also states that the respiratory rate is not dependent on the age of the person being tested, indicating that age does not play a role in determining the resting respiratory rate.
44.
הנפח המחלף במאמץ תת מרבי נתון בעצימות בנונית
Correct Answer
A. גבוה יותר במאומן
Explanation
The given statement suggests that the exchange volume in a maximum effort is higher in a trained individual compared to an untrained individual. This implies that individuals who have undergone training and have developed their physical abilities are capable of generating a higher exchange volume in their maximum effort compared to those who have not undergone any training.
45.
אוורור הבועית יגדל יחסית לאוורור הריאות הכללי
Correct Answer
D. תשובות 1- 3 נכונות
Explanation
The correct answer is that options 1-3 are correct. This is because the question is discussing the relationship between bubble aeration and general lung aeration. It states that if we breathe deeply and slowly, or exhale quickly and superficially, the exchanged volume will increase and the frequency of breathing will decrease. Therefore, options 1-3 are all correct explanations of this relationship.
46.
תדירות הנשימה במאמץ מרבי
Correct Answer
A. גבוה יותר במאומן
Explanation
The correct answer is "גבוה יותר במאומן" (higher in trained individuals). This is because regular exercise and training can lead to improved cardiovascular fitness, which includes an increase in lung capacity and efficiency. As a result, trained individuals are able to take in more oxygen and expel more carbon dioxide with each breath, allowing them to breathe at a higher rate during maximum exertion compared to untrained individuals. Age can also affect respiratory frequency, but the question specifies that it is relevant for individuals aged 20-50, so it is not the main factor in this case.
47.
הנפח המחלף במנוחה
Correct Answer
C. דןמה במאומן ולא מאומן
Explanation
The correct answer is "דןמה במאומן ולא מאומן" which means "depends on the trained and untrained individual." This suggests that the exchange volume at rest can vary depending on whether the person is trained or untrained.
48.
Is [your statement here] true or false?
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The given answer is "True." This means that the statement mentioned in the question is true. However, since the question does not provide any specific statement to evaluate, it is not possible to determine the accuracy or validity of the answer.