2.
Гамети су:
Correct Answer
A. мушке и женске полне ћелије
Explanation
The correct answer is "мушке и женске полне ћелије" which translates to "male and female reproductive cells" in English. This answer is correct because gametes are the specialized cells involved in sexual reproduction. In most organisms, including humans, there are two types of gametes: sperm cells (male gametes) and egg cells (female gametes). These gametes carry the genetic information from the parents and are necessary for fertilization to occur and for the production of offspring. Therefore, the answer accurately describes gametes as being both male and female reproductive cells.
3.
Процес стварања полних ћелија назива се:
Correct Answer
A. гаметогенеза
Explanation
The correct answer is "гаметогенеза". This term refers to the process of producing gametes, which are the reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) in organisms. It involves the development and maturation of these cells through meiosis. The other options, "ембриогенеза", "оогенеза", and "онтогенеза", refer to different processes in the development and growth of organisms, but they do not specifically involve the production of gametes.
4.
Процес стварања женских полних ћелија назива се:
Correct Answer
A. оогенеза
Explanation
The correct answer is "оогенеза". Оогенеза refers to the process of the formation and development of female gametes or ova (eggs). This process occurs in the ovaries and involves the maturation of oocytes (immature eggs) through several stages until they are ready for fertilization. Ovulation, on the other hand, is the release of a mature egg from the ovary. Ontogenesis refers to the development of an individual organism from conception to maturity, while menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining in preparation for a new menstrual cycle.
5.
Процес стварања мушких полних ћелија назива се:
Correct Answer
A. сперматогенеза
Explanation
The correct answer is "сперматогенеза". This term refers to the process of sperm cell formation in males. It involves the production and maturation of sperm cells through a series of divisions and differentiation in the testes. This process is essential for male reproductive function and the production of viable sperm cells for fertilization.
6.
У процесу гаметогенезе се:
Correct Answer
A. формирају мушки и женски гамети
Explanation
In the process of gametogenesis, both male and female gametes are formed. This involves the development and maturation of specialized cells called gametes, which are responsible for sexual reproduction. The formation of male and female gametes is a crucial step in the reproductive cycle, as it allows for the fusion of these gametes during fertilization to create a new individual with a unique combination of genetic material from both parents.
7.
Код човека као врсте спрематозоид и јајна ћелија се не разликују по облику и величини.
Correct Answer
A. Нетачно
Explanation
The statement is incorrect. The code of a human being as a species does differ in shape and size between sperm and egg cells. Sperm cells are much smaller and have a streamlined shape to aid in their mobility, while egg cells are larger and have a rounder shape to accommodate the necessary organelles and nutrients for fertilization and early development.
8.
Сперматозоид и јајна ћелија се разликују по броју хромозома.
Correct Answer
A. Нетачно
Explanation
The statement is incorrect. Sperm cells and egg cells do not differ in the number of chromosomes. Both sperm and egg cells are haploid, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes compared to other cells in the body. During fertilization, when sperm and egg cells combine, they form a zygote with a complete set of chromosomes.
9.
Сперматозоид и јајна ћелија имају исти број хромозома.
Correct Answer
A. Тачно
Explanation
The statement is true because both sperm cells and egg cells, also known as gametes, have half the number of chromosomes compared to other cells in the body. This is because during fertilization, when the sperm and egg combine, the resulting zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes for a normal individual.
10.
Дужина плодног периода жена и мушкараца је иста.
Correct Answer
A. Нетачно
Explanation
The statement in the question is asking whether the length of the fertile period is the same for both men and women. The correct answer is "Нетачно" which means "False" in English. This suggests that the statement is incorrect and the length of the fertile period is not the same for men and women. However, without further information, it is not possible to provide a more detailed explanation.
11.
Сперматозоид и јајна ћелија су исте величине.
Correct Answer
A. Нетачно
Explanation
The statement "Сперматозоид и јајна ћелија су исте величине" translates to "Sperm and egg cells are the same size." The correct answer is "Нетачно" which means "False." This means that the statement is not true. Sperm and egg cells are not the same size. Sperm cells are much smaller than egg cells.
12.
Током живота број створених јајних ћелија код жена приближно је једнак броју створених сперматозоида код мушкараца.
Correct Answer
A. Нетачно
Explanation
The statement is incorrect. The number of eggs produced by a woman during her lifetime is significantly lower than the number of sperm produced by a man. Women are born with a finite number of eggs, while men continuously produce sperm throughout their lives.
13.
Оогенеза почиње:
Correct Answer
A. у пренаталном периоду
Explanation
Oogenesis is the process of egg cell development in females. It begins during the prenatal period, which refers to the time before birth. During this period, the primordial germ cells in the ovaries undergo mitotic division and differentiate into oogonia. These oogonia then undergo further development and maturation to form primary oocytes, which will eventually give rise to mature eggs. Therefore, the correct answer is "у пренаталном периоду" which means "during the prenatal period" in English.
14.
Овулација се дешава:
Correct Answer
A. једном месечно
Explanation
Ovulation is the process in which a mature egg is released from the ovary and is typically a monthly occurrence in women of reproductive age. It occurs once a month as a part of the menstrual cycle.
15.
До оплођења долази у:
Correct Answer
A. јајоводу
Explanation
The correct answer is "јајоводу" because fertilization, the process of combining a sperm and an egg to form a zygote, occurs in the fallopian tube. The fallopian tube is a part of the female reproductive system that connects the ovaries to the uterus. It is in the fallopian tube where the sperm meets the egg and fertilization takes place before the fertilized egg travels to the uterus for implantation.
16.
Након оплођења зигот ураста у зид:
Correct Answer
A. материце
Explanation
After fertilization, the zygote implants itself into the wall of the uterus. The uterus provides the necessary environment for the zygote to develop into an embryo and eventually a fetus. The uterine wall is rich in blood vessels and nutrients, which support the growth and development of the zygote. This process is essential for pregnancy to occur and for the embryo to receive the necessary nourishment and protection throughout its development.
17.
Процес оогенезе одвија се у:
Correct Answer
A. јајницима
Explanation
The correct answer is "јајницима" (ovaries). Oogenesis is the process of egg cell development in females, which occurs in the ovaries. The ovaries are responsible for producing and releasing mature eggs during the reproductive cycle.
18.
Сперматогенеза се одвија у:
Correct Answer
A. семеницима
Explanation
Сперматогенеза је процес стварања сперматозоида, мушких гамета, и то се одвија у семеницима. Семеници су мушки полни органи у којима се стварају и зреле сперматозоиди. Јајници су женски полни органи и нису укључени у процес сперматогенезе. Семевод је канал којим сперматозоиди путују од семеника до уретре, али не служи за стварање сперматозоида.
19.
Спермиогенеза је:
Correct Answer
A. преображај сперматида
Explanation
Спермиогенеза је процес преображаја сперматида. Овај процес се одвија у сперматоцитима, који су незрели сперматозоиди. Током спермиогенезе, сперматиде пролазе кроз различите промене и преобразују се у зреле сперматозоиде. Ово укључује губљење неких структура, формирање сперматозоидне главе и репе, и развој сперматозоида способног за оплодњу. Одговор "преображај сперматида" најбоље описује спермиогенезу.
20.
Која тврдња о полним ћелијама је тачна.
Correct Answer
A. настају у полним жлездама од посебних, клициних ћелија
Explanation
The correct answer is that полне ћелије настају у полним жлездама од посебних, клициних ћелија. This means that germ cells, which are responsible for reproduction, are produced in the gonads (ovaries and testes) from specific, germinal cells. This is in contrast to somatic cells, which make up the majority of the body's cells and do not contribute to reproduction.
21.
Двослојна гаструла сачињена је од два слоја ћелија:
Correct Answer
A. ендодерма и ектодерма
Explanation
The correct answer is "endoderm and ectoderm". A two-layered gastrula is composed of these two cell layers. The endoderm layer gives rise to the innermost tissues and organs, such as the digestive tract. The ectoderm layer gives rise to the outermost tissues and structures, such as the skin and nervous system.
22.
Шта је тачно за процес оплођења:
Correct Answer
A. оплођењем настаје ћелија која садржи хомологе хромозоме
Explanation
The correct answer states that fertilization results in a cell containing homologous chromosomes. This is accurate because during fertilization, the sperm and egg cells combine to form a zygote, which contains a complete set of chromosomes, with one set coming from each parent. These chromosomes are homologous, meaning they have corresponding genes at the same loci. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the process of fertilization.
23.
Процеси органогенезе одвијају се захваљујући:
Correct Answer
A. митотичкој деоби и диференцијацији ћелија
Explanation
The process of organogenesis occurs thanks to the mitotic division and differentiation of cells. Mitotic division refers to the process of cell division where one cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This process allows for the growth and development of tissues and organs. Differentiation, on the other hand, refers to the process by which cells become specialized and take on specific functions within the body. Together, mitotic division and cell differentiation play a crucial role in the development and formation of organs during organogenesis.
24.
Плацента је орган изграђен од:
Correct Answer
A. зида материце и екстраембрионалног ткива
Explanation
The correct answer is "зида материце и екстраембрионалног ткива" which means "the wall of the uterus and extraembryonic tissue" in English. The placenta is an organ that develops during pregnancy and connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall. It is formed by the combination of maternal and fetal tissues, with the wall of the uterus providing support and nourishment to the developing embryo.
25.
Улога опне плаценте је:
Correct Answer
A. спречавање мешања крви плода и крви мајке
Explanation
The correct answer is "спречавање мешања крви плода и крви мајке" which means "preventing the mixing of the fetus's blood and the mother's blood." This explanation suggests that the role of the placenta is to act as a barrier between the mother's blood supply and the fetus's blood supply, ensuring that they do not mix.
26.
Графов мешак је:
Correct Answer
A. део формиран у јајнику који штити јајну ћелију
Explanation
The correct answer is "део формиран у јајнику који штити јајну ћелију" which translates to "a part formed in the ovary that protects the egg cell." This answer is supported by the fact that the term "графов мешак" in Serbian refers to the ovarian follicle, which is a structure in the ovary that contains and protects the developing egg cell.
27.
Препиши реч коју треба избацити како би смисао исказа постао тачан.Оплођење је процес спајања једара сперматозоида и ооцита јајне ћелије.
Correct Answer
ооцита
Explanation
The correct answer is "ооцита" because it is the word that needs to be removed in order for the sentence to make sense. The sentence is talking about the process of fertilization, which is the merging of the nuclei of a spermatozoon and an egg cell. Therefore, the word "ооцита" is redundant and should be omitted.
28.
Која је тврдња о близанцима тачна:
Correct Answer
A. дизиготни близанци су често истог пола, али могу бити и различитих полова
Explanation
The statement that dizygotic twins are often of the same sex but can also be of different sexes is true. Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, occur when two separate eggs are fertilized by two different sperm. Since the eggs and sperm are randomly selected, there is a chance that both fertilized eggs will develop into embryos of the same sex or different sexes. Therefore, dizygotic twins can be either same-sex or opposite-sex.
29.
Који израз описује дисање ембриона:
Correct Answer
A. плод добија кисеоник преко опне плаценте процесом дифузије
Explanation
The correct answer is that the fetus receives oxygen through the placental membrane by the process of diffusion. This means that oxygen molecules pass from the mother's bloodstream into the placenta and then diffuse across the placental membrane into the fetal bloodstream. This is how the fetus obtains the oxygen it needs for respiration.
30.
У процесу органогенезе од ектодермалног слоја ћелија настају:
Correct Answer
A. нервна цев, мозак, кичмена мождина...
Explanation
The correct answer is "нервна цев, мозак, кичмена мождина..." because during organogenesis, the ectodermal layer of cells gives rise to the nervous system, including the neural tube, brain, and spinal cord.
31.
О ком ембрионалном стадијуму је реч:У овом стадијуму долази до снажних покрета ћелијских маса којима се, први пут од почетка развића, мења лоптаст облик ембриона. Ти покрети ћелијских маса доводе до образовања слојева ћелија које зовемо клицини листови.
Correct Answer
A. гаструла
Explanation
The given description talks about the formation of cell layers and the change in the shape of the embryo, which occurs during the gastrula stage. This stage is characterized by the strong movements of cell masses, leading to the formation of cell layers called germ layers. The other options, blastula, morula, and zygote, do not involve the formation of germ layers or the change in embryo shape mentioned in the description. Therefore, the correct answer is gastrula.
32.
Шта омогућава улазак сперматозоида у јајну ћелију:
Correct Answer
A. акрозом
Explanation
The correct answer is "акрозом". The acrosome is a structure found at the head of a sperm cell. It contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate and fertilize the egg. Without the acrosome, the sperm would not be able to enter the egg cell. The other options listed (бич, једро, центриоле) are not directly involved in the process of sperm entering the egg.
33.
Која је од наведених реченица тачна:
Correct Answer
A. Сперматогоније настају митозом клициних ћелија
Explanation
Spermatogonia are the cells in the testes that give rise to sperm cells. They are formed through mitotic division of germ cells. Therefore, the correct statement is "Spermatogonia настају митозом клициних ћелија" which translates to "Spermatogonia are formed by mitotic division of germ cells."
34.
Како се зове слој ћелија који настаје након образовања двослојне гаструле:
Correct Answer
A. мезодерм
Explanation
The correct answer is "мезодерм". The question is asking for the name of the cell layer that forms after the formation of the two-layered gastrula. The mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the early embryo, along with the ectoderm and endoderm. It gives rise to various tissues and organs, including muscles, bones, and the circulatory system. The other answer options, ectoderm, endoderm, and Graf's follicle, are not the correct names for this specific cell layer.
35.
Мушко дете се рађа са формираним:
Correct Answer
A. сперматогонијама
Explanation
The correct answer is "сперматогонијама". This is because сперматогонијама refers to the cells in the testes that undergo mitosis to produce spermatocytes, which eventually develop into spermatozoa. Spermatozoa are the mature sperm cells that are involved in fertilization. Therefore, сперматогонијама is the correct answer as it is the initial stage of sperm cell development.
36.
О ком ембриналном стадијуму је реч:Деобе теку сукцесивно, брзо, кличина цитоплазме се смањује, док величина једра остаје иста, интензивно се врши синтеза генетичког материјала, остали метаболички процеси су сведени на минимум. Настале ћелије су ситне и између њих нема међупростора.
Correct Answer
A. морула
Explanation
The given description matches the characteristics of the morula stage. During this stage, cell divisions occur rapidly, resulting in a cluster of small cells with no intercellular space. The cytoplasmic volume decreases while the size of the nucleus remains the same. Additionally, there is intense synthesis of genetic material, while other metabolic processes are minimized. Therefore, the correct answer is "морула" (morula).
37.
О ком ембрионалном стадијуму је реч:Бластомере се интензивно деле и истовремено померају ка периферији тако да најстаје лоптаста структура изграђена од једног слоја ћелија и централне шупљине.
Correct Answer
A. бластула
Explanation
The correct answer is "бластула". In the embryonic stage described, blastomeres divide rapidly and move towards the periphery, forming a ball-like structure made up of a single layer of cells and a central cavity. This description matches the characteristics of a blastula, which is an early stage of embryonic development.
38.
Која је улога водењака у периоду трудноће
Correct Answer
A. садржи течност у коју је уроњен плод
Explanation
The correct answer is "садржи течност у коју је уроњен плод" which translates to "contains fluid in which the fetus is immersed". This is the role of the amniotic sac during pregnancy. The amniotic sac is a membranous sac filled with amniotic fluid that surrounds and protects the fetus in the womb. It acts as a cushion, providing a stable and protective environment for the developing fetus.
39.
У процесу органогенезе од мезодермалног слоја ћелија настају:
Correct Answer
A. скелет, мишићи, крвни судови...
Explanation
During the process of organogenesis, the mesodermal layer of cells gives rise to the skeleton, muscles, and blood vessels.
40.
Бластула настаје непосредно након образовања:
Correct Answer
A. моруле
Explanation
The correct answer is "моруле" because blastula is formed immediately after the formation of morula. Blastula is an early stage in embryonic development characterized by a hollow ball of cells. It is formed when the morula, a solid mass of cells, undergoes further cell division and rearrangement to create a fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. This marks the transition from the cleavage stage to the gastrulation stage of embryonic development.
41.
Оогенеза почиње:
Correct Answer
A. у пренаталном периоду
Explanation
Oogenesis is the process of formation and development of ova (eggs) in the female reproductive system. It begins during the prenatal period, specifically during fetal development. During this time, primordial germ cells differentiate into oogonia, which then undergo several stages of development to become mature ova. This process is completed before birth, and the ova are stored in the ovaries until they are released during ovulation in the reproductive years.
42.
Женско дете по рођењу има формиране:
Correct Answer
A. ооците
Explanation
Upon birth, a female child already has formed oocytes. Oocytes are immature egg cells that have the potential to develop into mature eggs in the future. This is because females are born with all the eggs they will ever have, and the process of egg development starts before birth. Therefore, it is correct to say that a female child has formed oocytes at birth.
43.
Колико сперматозоида учествује у оплођењу јајне ћелије:
Correct Answer
A. један
Explanation
During fertilization, only one spermatozoon is involved in the process of fertilizing the egg cell. This single spermatozoon penetrates the egg cell and fuses with it, resulting in the formation of a zygote.
44.
Од једне примарне сперматоците у фази сазревања настају:
Correct Answer
A. четири сперматиде
Explanation
During the process of spermatogenesis, one primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid cells called spermatids. These spermatids then undergo further maturation to develop into spermatozoa or sperm cells. Therefore, the correct answer is "четири сперматиде" which means four spermatids.
45.
Мејоза I у сперматогенези је правилна док је у оогенези неправилна
Correct Answer
A. Тачно
Explanation
The statement is saying that meiosis I in spermatogenesis is regular, while in oogenesis it is irregular. This means that during the process of sperm production, the first division of meiosis occurs in a normal and orderly manner. However, during the process of egg production, the first division of meiosis is irregular and does not follow the typical pattern. Therefore, the statement is correct.
46.
Мејоза I у сперматогенези и оогенези је правилна.
Correct Answer
A. Нетачно
Explanation
The statement "Мејоза I у сперматогенези и оогенези је правилна" translates to "Meiosis I in spermatogenesis and oogenesis is correct." The correct answer is "Нетачно" which means "False." Therefore, the explanation would be that the statement is incorrect, meaning that meiosis I in spermatogenesis and oogenesis is not correct.
47.
Мејоза је неправилна и у сперматогенези и оогенези
Correct Answer
A. Нетачно
48.
Број хромозома у сперматогонијама је:
Correct Answer
A. диплоидан
Explanation
The correct answer is "диплоидан" which means diploid. This means that the number of chromosomes in spermatogonia is diploid, which is the normal number of chromosomes in most cells of the body. Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, and are produced through the process of mitosis.
49.
У процесу спермиогенезе од једне сперматиде настаје:
Correct Answer
A. један сперматозоид
Explanation
During spermiogenesis, one spermatid undergoes further maturation and transformation to become a single spermatozoon.