Bio Final Fall 2015
- 1.
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. (1 point each)
- 2.
Matching: Only one letter matches the term (there is an extra letter – one doesn’t have a match) (1 point each)
- 3.
Behold – one of your cheek cells. It’s had a busy day, producing and secreting digestive enzymes and being stretched as you chew, yawn, speak, etc. It has no idea that you’re taking a final exam, or that it’s about to play a central role.Fill in the blanks below! (1 point each)Figure 6-1Identify each of the cell structures indicated in Figure 6-1. If unsure which structure is being pointed to, please ask.
- 4.
Select three organelles from the above list and describe how each contributes to the function of the cell. (1 pt each for a total of 3 pts)
- 5.
Answer each of the following in a complete sentence or several complete sentences.
- 6.
What type of molecule are enzymes, and what effects do they have in the body? Be specific.
- 7.
If you get a high enough fever, some of your enzymes may not work anymore. Why not?
- 8.
We humans generally can’t live more than a few minutes without oxygen. Why? Why do we actually need oxygen? Your explanation must be thorough and convincing, using appropriate vocabulary (‘because we’d die without it’ isn’t a satisfactory answer here!) (2 pts)
- 9.
How are glucose and starch related? Use the words monomer, polymer, and carbohydrate in your answer. (3 pts)
- 10.
As shown in the figure above, modern whales have a vestigial pelvis and femur (leg bone). What does this evidence suggest about the history of modern whales? Your answer must include the terms ‘variation’, ‘population’, ‘alleles’, ‘selected for’, ‘limited resources’, and ‘competition’ (3 pts).
- 11.
In the diagram below, a U-shaped glass tube contains two different sugar-water solutions. The solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane that sugar molecules cannot penetrate. Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow (1 pt each).
- 12.
Which solution (A or B) contains a greater concentration of solute?
- 13.
Predict the direction in which osmosis will occur. Explain your reasoning.
- 14.
Explain what the water levels in the tube will look like at equilibrium.
- 15.
How are active transport and facilitated diffusion different?
- 16.
Identify two differences between DNA and RNA.
- 17.
Answer two of the following three questions (62 – 64). I’ll only grade two – choose wisely! (6 points each)
- 18.
You hike to a stream surrounded by trees. Water striders skitter across the stream’s surface, while 40 feet above the ground the tree’s leaves are receiving a steady supply of water and dissolved ions (like sodium and magnesium) necessary for photosynthesis. The day is hot (you’re sweating quite a bit), but the water looks cool – which reminds you to take a drink from your water bottle. In the bottle, the last bits of remaining ice cubes that you added that morning still float. You feel your insides cool off!
- Identify the two elements that make up a molecule of water. (1 pt)
- What type of bonds hold the above elements of a single water molecule together, and how strong are they? (1 pt)
- What gives water it its special properties? Please answer in the form of a simple labeled sketch. (1 pt)
- Explain in detail how your answer to 3 can explain three essential properties of water revealed in your observations at the stream above. Labeled sketches are encouraged. (1 pt for each property)
- 19.
If you ever decide to have a child, odds are you’ll only pass on half of your genes to them. Why can’t you pass on all of them? (1 pt) In your answer, use the terms ‘haploid’, ‘diploid’, ‘meiosis’, ‘zygote’ (1/2 pt each). Your answer must explain clearly what chromosomes are (1 pt), and why they are necessary in this context (1 pt). Lastly: while it might seem disappointing that your offspring wouldn’t be a clone of you, this might actually be a good thing for our species in the long run. Discuss why (1 pt).
- 20.
Producersprimary consumersomnivoreschemical energythermal energydetritussecondary consumersherbivorespotential energykinetic energy
- On a separate sheet, sketch a food web of corn, soy beans, cattle, and humans. Find a way to represent all of the words above and label all of the following in a way that makes it obvious that you know what they mean (2 pts):
- Is energy conserved in this ecosystem? Explain (1 pt)
- Is matter conserved in this ecosystem? Explain (1 pt)
- Assume that the primary productivity of the ecosystem is 100,000 kcal per day. Draw a pyramid of energy for this ecosystem. How many humans could it support (remember, humans need an average of 2000 kcal per day)? (1 pt)
- 21.
Write text here
- 22.
Having successfully completed both IPS and biology, and knowing what you know about matter and ‘life’, analyze one of the following two quotes. What thoughts does it prompt? Do you agree? Disagree? Why?1. “A scientist is an atom’s way of knowing about atoms.” – Nobel Prize winning neurobiologist George Wald2. “A single cell is infinitely more complex than the entire non-living universe.” – Scientist and author Isaac Asimov
- 23.
One defining characteristics of ‘life’ is that it keeps its internal conditions relatively stable, also known as…
- A.
Reproduction
- B.
Homeostasis
- C.
Evolution
- D.
Photosynthesis
Correct Answer
B. Homeostasis -
- 24.
While keeping an aquarium of goldfish, you change brands of goldfish food. It seems to you that the goldfish are growing much more quickly with the new food. You want to test the effect of your new fish food on the rate of growth in the goldfish. The best design for a controlled experiment would be to divide your fish equally into two separate bowls and…
- A.
…feed them different amounts of the new food.
- B.
…feed them each the same amount of the new food.
- C.
… feed the fish in one bowl the old food, and the fish in the other bowl an equal amount of the new food.
- D.
…feed the fish in one bowl the old food. Feed the fish in the second bowl with half the amount of new food since you believe it is more nutritious.
Correct Answer
C. … feed the fish in one bowl the old food, and the fish in the other bowl an equal amount of the new food. -
- 25.
Cell ‘theory’ says that…
- A.
All living things are composed of cells.
- B.
All cells come from previously living cells – except for the first-ever cell.
- C.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms.
- D.
All of the above.
Correct Answer
D. All of the above. -
- 26.
Which statement about organic macromolecules is false?
- A.
In plants, extra glucose can be stored as cellulose to give the plants structure.
- B.
In animals, extra glucose can be stored as glycogen in muscles and the liver for energy later.
- C.
Saturated fats are saturated with carbon atoms which causes kinks in the fatty acid chains.
- D.
The molecules in our food are the building blocks with which we constantly rebuild our bodies.
Correct Answer
C. Saturated fats are saturated with carbon atoms which causes kinks in the fatty acid chains. -
- 27.
Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism, from the simplest level to the most complex level?
- A.
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
- B.
Organ system, organ, tissue, cell
- C.
Tissue, cell, organ system
- D.
Organ, tissue, organ system
Correct Answer
A. Cell, tissue, organ, organ system -
- 28.
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into what products?
- A.
Oxygen only
- B.
Glucose only
- C.
Oxygen and glucose
- D.
ATP and oxygen
Correct Answer
C. Oxygen and glucose -
- 29.
Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?
- A.
The temperature decreased from 20 degrees C to 15 degrees C.
- B.
The fish swam in a zig-zag motion across the pond.
- C.
The plants height is 25 centimeters.
- D.
The six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks per nest.
Correct Answer
B. The fish swam in a zig-zag motion across the pond. -
- 30.
Several different types of molecules can be broken down for energy by different types of organisms. That said, which of the following “classes” of organic macromolecules serves as the main fuel supply for most plants and animals most of the time?
- A.
Lipids
- B.
Carbohydrates
- C.
Nucleic acids
- D.
Proteins
Correct Answer
B. Carbohydrates -
- 31.
Cellular respiration transfers the energy stored in food molecules into which usable form?
- A.
Glucose
- B.
ATP
- C.
Carbon dioxide
- D.
Water
Correct Answer
B. ATP -
- 32.
Which example of materials moving across membranes requires the use of some of the cell’s own energy?
- A.
Diffusion of oxygen molecules across an epithelial cell lining an alveolus sac in the lung.
- B.
Osmosis of water from your tongue cells into your mouth when eating salty food.
- C.
Facilitated diffusion of glucose from blood through a transport protein into a muscle cell.
- D.
Active pumping to create extremely hypertonic concentrations of sodium and potassium ions inside and outside of a neuron.
Correct Answer
D. Active pumping to create extremely hypertonic concentrations of sodium and potassium ions inside and outside of a neuron. -
- 33.
An animal cell that is surrounded by distilled (purified) water could burst because osmosis causes
- A.
Solutes to move into the cell.
- B.
Solutes to move out of the cell.
- C.
Water to move into the cell.
- D.
Water to move out of the cell.
Correct Answer
C. Water to move into the cell. -
- 34.
Which statement is true?
- A.
Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides.
- B.
Another name for lipids is proteins.
- C.
Amino acids are made of proteins.
- D.
Polymers are made of monomers.
Correct Answer
D. Polymers are made of monomers. -
- 35.
What we call “genes” generally contain instructions for assembling
- A.
Lipids
- B.
Carbohydrates
- C.
ATP
- D.
Proteins (polypeptides)
Correct Answer
D. Proteins (polypeptides) -
- 36.
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
- A.
TCGAAC.
- B.
AGCTTG.
- C.
GATCCA
- D.
GAUCCA
Correct Answer
C. GATCCA -
- 37.
How many bases in a section of RNA are needed to specify FOUR amino acids in translation?
- A.
1
- B.
4
- C.
8
- D.
12
Correct Answer
D. 12 -
- 38.
A covalent bond forms when
- A.
Opposite ions attract.
- B.
Protons are shared between atoms.
- C.
An electron is transferred from one atom to another.
- D.
Two atoms share a pair of electrons.
Correct Answer
D. Two atoms share a pair of electrons. -
- 39.
Which process is represented by the following chemical equation?
- A.
Photosynthesis
- B.
Fermentation
- C.
Glycolysis
- D.
Cellular respiration
Correct Answer
A. Photosynthesis -
- 40.
A carrier of a recessive allele for a trait such as cystic fibrosis, pattern baldness, blue eyes, or albinism
- A.
Has two copies of the allele, and the trait shows up in their phenotype.
- B.
Has two copies of the allele, and the trait does not show up in their phenotype.
- C.
Has one copy of the allele, and the trait shows up in their phenotype.
- D.
Has one copy of the allele, and the trait does not show up in their phenotype.
Correct Answer
D. Has one copy of the allele, and the trait does not show up in their phenotype. -
- 41.
Imagine you are breeding Brussels sprouts to make them taste a bit sweeter (if you do, you can sell them as a tasty health food and make a fortune!). If S represents the dominant ‘bitter’ allele and s represents the recessive ‘sweet’ allele, what would you expect to see in the offspring from two heterozygous (Ss) parents?
- A.
One fourth are expected to be sweet, and three fourths bitter.
- B.
Half are expected to be sweet, half bitter.
- C.
All are expected to be of medium sweetness.
- D.
One fourth are expected to be bitter, and three fourths sweet.
Correct Answer
A. One fourth are expected to be sweet, and three fourths bitter. -
- 42.
Which of the following did NOT help Charles Darwin develop his ideas regarding evolution?
- A.
Observations that the surface of the Earth (and therefore all habitats) changed over time.
- B.
DNA evidence comparing similarities between species.
- C.
Structural and behavioral similarities between different species.
- D.
Observations regarding dog breeding, Brussels sprouts, and capitalistic societies.
Correct Answer
B. DNA evidence comparing similarities between species. -
- 43.
On the Galápagos Islands, British naturalist Charles Darwin famously observed
- A.
Species exactly like those found in mainland South America.
- B.
Somewhat similar species to those on the mainland, with adaptations on each island that suited their particular environment.
- C.
Somewhat similar species to those on the mainland, but with random, unpredictable differences on each island.
- D.
Species completely unrelated to those found in mainland South America.
Correct Answer
B. Somewhat similar species to those on the mainland, with adaptations on each island that suited their particular environment. -
- 44.
While used differently in everyday speech, in science the word adaptation is used to refer to...
- A.
A trait that an organism has developed during its lifetime, such as good fighting skills.
- B.
An inherited trait that aids an organism in surviving and/or reproducing.
- C.
A mutation that may or may not prove beneficial, depending on the environment.
- D.
The range of possible genetic combinations that could be produced by two parents.
Correct Answer
B. An inherited trait that aids an organism in surviving and/or reproducing. -
- 45.
Which statement is false?
- A.
Cancer occurs when too little mitosis takes place.
- B.
Down syndrome occurs when meiosis fails to sort chromosomes into sex cells perfectly.
- C.
Your brain is composed largely of specialized cells called neurons.
- D.
A solution with a pH of 9 is basic.
Correct Answer
A. Cancer occurs when too little mitosis takes place. -
- 46.
Which of the following is not true about your blood?
- A.
It helps maintain a consistent body temperature by moving thermal energy from your warm ‘core’ to your exterior and extremities.
- B.
It delivers food and oxygen to just about every cell in your entire body via capillaries.
- C.
It helps keep your cells from becoming acidic by taking away extra carbon dioxide.
- D.
Since it’s water-based, fats and steroids easily dissolve in it.
Correct Answer
D. Since it’s water-based, fats and steroids easily dissolve in it. -
- 47.
Which of the following best compares photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
- A.
Photosynthesis releases stored energy from sugar; cellular respiration stores energy in sugar.
- B.
Photosynthesis stores energy in sugar; cellular respiration releases stored energy from sugar.
- C.
Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration requires water.
- D.
Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration require sunlight.
Correct Answer
B. Photosynthesis stores energy in sugar; cellular respiration releases stored energy from sugar. -
- 48.
Which of the following statements about stem cells is the least accurate?
- A.
Like all cells in your body, they include your entire genome (set of DNA).
- B.
They can be forced to differentiate into certain types of cells by applying certain protein signals to them.
- C.
If we could injected Planaria (flat worm) stem cells into our limbs, we could regenerate like they do.
- D.
They are naturally most ‘potent’ in the embryonic stage (though scientists are trying to work around this ethical dilemma – with significant success lately).
Correct Answer
C. If we could injected Planaria (flat worm) stem cells into our limbs, we could regenerate like they do. -
- 49.
Which of the following is NOT true about the structure of DNA?
- A.
It is organized into packages called chromosomes.
- B.
It is made of nucleotides which, in turn, are made of sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous bases.
- C.
Its double helix shape resembles a twisted ladder.
- D.
The sugar-phosphate backbone is joined together with hydrogen bonds while the steps of the ladder, the bases, are bonded with covalent bonds.
Correct Answer
D. The sugar-phosphate backbone is joined together with hydrogen bonds while the steps of the ladder, the bases, are bonded with covalent bonds. -
- 50.
Which of the following is a significant reason why you get tired when you have a cold?
- A.
Your proteins are denaturing (unraveling) due to very high temperatures.
- B.
Your immune cells are engulfing viruses, and digesting them. This requires a lot of ATP.
- C.
Your respiratory system temporarily shuts down to maintain homeostasis.
- D.
Your digestive system loses its ability to diffuse glucose into the blood stream.
Correct Answer
B. Your immune cells are engulfing viruses, and digesting them. This requires a lot of ATP. -
.png "As shown in the figure above, modern whales have a vestigial pelvis and femur (leg bone). What does this evidence suggest about the history of modern whales? Your answer must include the terms ‘variation’, ‘population’, ‘alleles’, ‘selected for’, ‘limited resources’, and ‘competition’ (3 pts).")
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