Web Data Management Chapters 4-6
Web data management chapters 4-6
Questions and Answers
- 1.
To create a PDO object, you code the _____________________ keyword, followed by PDO, followed by the three arguments that it requires.
Explanation
When creating a PDO object, the keyword "new" is used to instantiate a new instance of the PDO class. This is followed by the class name "PDO" and then the three arguments required by the constructor of the PDO class.Rate this question:
- 2.
To execute a SELECT statement, you use the _____________________ method of the PDO object that connects to the database.
Explanation
To execute a SELECT statement, you use the "query" method of the PDO object that connects to the database. This method is specifically designed to execute SQL queries and retrieve the resulting data from the database. It allows you to pass the SQL statement as a parameter and returns a PDOStatement object that can be used to fetch the data returned by the query. Therefore, the "query" method is the correct choice when executing SELECT statements using PDO.Rate this question:
- 3.
To execute an INSERT statement, you use the _____________________ method of the PDO object that connects to the database.
Explanation
To execute an INSERT statement, you use the "exec" method of the PDO object that connects to the database. The "exec" method is used to execute a SQL statement and does not return any result set. It is commonly used for statements that do not return data, such as INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements. By using the "exec" method, you can execute the INSERT statement and add new records to the database table.Rate this question:
- 4.
To handle the PDO exceptions that can occur when database methods are executed, you use a _____________________ statement.
Explanation
To handle the PDO exceptions that can occur when database methods are executed, you use a try/catch statement. This statement allows you to try a block of code that may throw an exception, and if an exception is thrown, it can be caught and handled within the catch block. Using try/catch ensures that any potential exceptions are properly handled and does not cause the program to crash or produce unexpected results.Rate this question:
- 5.
To access one of the elements in an array, you code the array name and a set of brackets that contains the _______________________ of the element you want to access.
Explanation
To access one of the elements in an array, you code the array name and a set of brackets that contains the index of the element you want to access. The index refers to the position or location of the element within the array. By specifying the index, you can retrieve the specific element from the array.Rate this question:
- 6.
To return an array for the first row of a result set that’s returned by a SELECT statement, you use the fetch method of the _____________________________ object that represents the result set.
Explanation
To return an array for the first row of a result set that's returned by a SELECT statement, you use the fetch method of the PDOStatement object that represents the result set. The PDOStatement object is a class in PHP's PDO (PHP Data Objects) extension that represents a prepared statement and its resulting data. The fetch method allows you to retrieve a single row from the result set as an associative array, indexed array, or an object. Therefore, by using the fetch method of the PDOStatement object, you can easily obtain the first row of the result set as an array.Rate this question:
- 7.
To access the data for all of the rows in a result set that’s returned by a SELECT statement, you can use a _____________________________ loop.
Explanation
The correct answer is "for each". This is because a "for each" loop allows you to iterate over each row in a result set returned by a SELECT statement. It ensures that you can access the data for all of the rows in the result set one by one, performing any necessary operations or calculations.Rate this question:
- 8.
What date did you complete this worksheet _____________________________ .
- 9.
When you create a PDO object, you have to pass all but one of these arguments to it: Which one is it?
- A.
Data source name
- B.
Server name
- C.
User name
- D.
Password
Correct Answer
B. Server nameExplanation
When creating a PDO object, all arguments except for the server name must be passed. The server name is not required because it is already specified in the data source name (DSN) argument. The DSN contains the necessary information to connect to the database, including the server name, database name, and any additional parameters. Therefore, there is no need to separately pass the server name argument when creating a PDO object.Rate this question:
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- 10.
In the catch block of a try/catch statement for handling PDO exceptions, you can get a message that describes the exception by using the getMessage method of the
- A.
PDO object
- B.
PDOStatement object
- C.
PDOException object
- D.
Result set array
Correct Answer
C. PDOException objectExplanation
In the catch block of a try/catch statement for handling PDO exceptions, you can get a message that describes the exception by using the getMessage method of the PDOException object. The PDOException object is responsible for representing errors raised by PDO. By calling the getMessage method on the PDOException object, you can retrieve the error message associated with the exception, providing useful information for debugging and error handling purposes.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following is the correct way to code a PHP statement that returns the result set for a SELECT statement that’s stored in $statement if the PDO object is $db?
- A.
$results = $db->query($statement);
- B.
$results = $db->exec($statement);
- C.
$results = query->$db($statement);
- D.
$results = exec->$db($statement);
Correct Answer
A. $results = $db->query($statement);Explanation
The correct way to code a PHP statement that returns the result set for a SELECT statement that's stored in $statement if the PDO object is $db is $results = $db->query($statement). This code uses the query() method of the $db PDO object to execute the SELECT statement and store the result set in the $results variable.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following is the correct way to code a PHP statement that puts the first row of PDOStatement object named $products in an array named $product?
- A.
$product = $db->query($products);
- B.
$product = $db->fetch($products);
- C.
$product = $products->query();
- D.
$product = $products->fetch();
Correct Answer
D. $product = $products->fetch();Explanation
The correct way to code a PHP statement that puts the first row of a PDOStatement object named $products in an array named $product is $product = $products->fetch().Rate this question:
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- 13.
Code example 4-1 The starting code for the index.php file which is the first page of an application (Refer to code example 4-1) The first statement in this example gets and runs a file named database.php. What must this code do for the rest of the statements in this example to work?
- A.
Create a PDOStatement object named $db that connects to the right database
- B.
Create a PDOStatement object named $db-> that connects to the right database
- C.
Create a PDO object named $db that connects to the right database
- D.
Create a PDO object named $db-> that connects to the right database
Correct Answer
C. Create a PDO object named $db that connects to the right databaseExplanation
The code example requires the file database.php to be included and executed in order to create a PDO object named $db that connects to the correct database. This is necessary for the rest of the statements in the example to work properly.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Code example 4-1 The starting code for the index.php file which is the first page of an application <?php require 'database.php'; $category_id = $_GET['category_id']; if (!isset($category_id)) { $category_id = 1; } // Routine 1 $query = "SELECT * FROM categories WHERE categoryID = $category_id"; $category = $db->query($query); $category = $category->fetch(); $category_name = $category['categoryName']; // Routine 2 $query = "SELECT * FROM products WHERE categoryID = $category_id ORDER BY productID"; $products = $db->query($query); ?> (Refer to code example 4-1) What does routine 1 store in the variable named $category_name?
- A.
The category name for the first row in the categories table of the database
- B.
The category name for the row in categories table that corresponds to the value in $category_id
- C.
The category name for the row in categories table that has a category ID of 1
- D.
An array of the category names in the categories table
Correct Answer
B. The category name for the row in categories table that corresponds to the value in $category_idExplanation
Routine 1 stores the category name for the row in the categories table that corresponds to the value in $category_id.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Code example 4-1 The starting code for the index.php file which is the first page of an application (Refer to code example 4-1) What does routine 2 store in the variable named $products?
- A.
A PDOStatement object for all rows in the products table
- B.
A PDOStatement object for the columns in the first row in the products table
- C.
A PDOStatement object for the rows in the products table that have a category ID equal to the value in $category_id
- D.
A PDOStatement object for the rows in the products table that have a category ID equal to 1
Correct Answer
C. A PDOStatement object for the rows in the products table that have a category ID equal to the value in $category_idExplanation
Routine 2 stores a PDOStatement object for the rows in the products table that have a category ID equal to the value in $category_id. This means that the variable $products will contain the result set of rows from the products table that match the specified category ID.Rate this question:
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- 16.
When you use the MVC pattern, the model consists of the PHP files that work with and represent the _________________________ of the application.
Correct Answer
dataExplanation
When you use the MVC pattern, the model consists of the PHP files that work with and represent the data of the application. The model is responsible for managing the data, such as retrieving, updating, and storing it. It interacts with the database or other data sources to retrieve and manipulate the data. By separating the data-related logic into the model, it allows for better organization and maintainability of the application.Rate this question:
- 17.
When you use the MVC pattern, the ___________________ consists of the PHP files that make up the user interface of the application.
Correct Answer
viewExplanation
In the MVC pattern, the "view" is the component that represents the user interface of the application. It consists of the PHP files that are responsible for displaying the data to the user and capturing user input. The view is responsible for presenting the data from the model to the user in a format that is understandable and visually appealing. It also handles user interactions and sends the necessary input back to the controller for processing.Rate this question:
- 18.
When you code a function in PHP, you start with the keyword __________________.
Correct Answer
FunctionExplanation
When coding a function in PHP, you start with the keyword "function". This keyword is used to define a function in PHP and is followed by the name of the function and its parameters. It is necessary to use the "function" keyword in order to properly define and declare a function in PHP.Rate this question:
- 19.
When you code a function in PHP, you can list one or more ____________________ that must be passed to the function.
Correct Answer
parametersExplanation
When coding a function in PHP, it is possible to specify one or more parameters that must be provided when calling the function. Parameters are variables that allow the function to receive input values from the caller, which can then be used within the function's code to perform specific tasks or calculations. By listing the required parameters, the function ensures that the necessary data is provided, allowing it to execute correctly.Rate this question:
- 20.
To call a function in PHP, you code the function name followed by a list of any _________________________ that are required.
Correct Answer
argumentsExplanation
To call a function in PHP, you code the function name followed by a list of any arguments that are required. In PHP, arguments are values that can be passed into a function to perform specific tasks or calculations. These arguments can be variables, constants, or even other functions. By providing the necessary arguments, the function can execute its code and return the desired result.Rate this question:
- 21.
To make a variable that’s declared outside a function available to the function, you must code the _________________________ keyword.
Correct Answer
globalExplanation
To make a variable that is declared outside a function available to the function, you must code the "global" keyword. This keyword allows the function to access and modify the value of the variable that is declared outside its scope. By using the "global" keyword, the function can recognize and manipulate the variable, ensuring that any changes made to the variable within the function are reflected in its value outside the function as well.Rate this question:
- 22.
When you _______________________ an HTTP request, all processing takes place on the server before the response is returned to the browser.
Correct Answer
forwardExplanation
When you forward an HTTP request, it means that the server is responsible for processing the request and generating a response before sending it back to the browser. This allows the server to perform any necessary computations or retrieve data from a database, ensuring that the response sent to the browser is accurate and complete. The forward mechanism is commonly used in web applications to handle user requests and provide dynamic content.Rate this question:
- 23.
To pass data back to the statement that calls a function, the function can use the _________________________ statement.
Correct Answer
returnExplanation
The function can use the "return" statement to pass data back to the statement that calls it. The "return" statement allows the function to send a value or a set of values back to the caller, which can then be used or manipulated as needed. By using the "return" statement, the function can effectively communicate and transfer data between different parts of the program.Rate this question:
- 24.
When you use the MVC pattern, the controller gets the HTTP requests and then directs the use of the files that represent
- A.
The model, the view, and the database
- B.
The database and the view
- C.
The model, the view, and the user interface
- D.
The model and the view
Correct Answer
D. The model and the viewExplanation
When you use the MVC pattern, the controller is responsible for receiving HTTP requests and then directing the flow of data between the model and the view. The model represents the data and business logic of the application, while the view is responsible for displaying the data to the user. Therefore, the correct answer is "the model and the view".Rate this question:
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- 25.
When you use the MVC pattern, you
- A.
Make each layer as independent as possible
- B.
Perform all data validation on the client
- C.
Use the pattern for every page in the application
- D.
Put all of the PHP code in the controller
Correct Answer
A. Make each layer as independent as possibleExplanation
When you use the MVC pattern, you make each layer as independent as possible. This means that the Model, View, and Controller components of the application are separate from each other and can be modified or replaced without affecting the other layers. This allows for better code organization, maintainability, and reusability. Each layer has its own responsibilities and can be developed and tested independently, making the application more modular and flexible.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following is not a benefit of using the MVC pattern for an application?
- A.
It’s easier to make changes to the application
- B.
Web designers can work independently on the view
- C.
There’s less repetition of code
- D.
It’s easier to test and debug the application
- E.
The application runs more efficiently
Correct Answer
E. The application runs more efficientlyExplanation
Using the MVC pattern for an application does not directly result in the application running more efficiently. The MVC pattern primarily focuses on separating the concerns of the application, making it easier to make changes, allowing web designers to work independently on the view, reducing code repetition, and facilitating easier testing and debugging. While these benefits indirectly contribute to improving the efficiency of the application, the direct impact on the application's runtime efficiency is not a primary advantage of using the MVC pattern.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Code example 5-1 function get_product($product_id) { global $db; $query = "SELECT * FROM products WHERE productID = '$product_id'"; $product = $db->query($query); $product = $product->fetch(); return $product; } (Refer to code example 5-1) What does this function return when it is called?
- A.
An array of all the rows in the products table
- B.
An array of all the rows with the specified category ID
- C.
An array of the columns in the first row of the products table
- D.
An array of the columns in the row with the specified product ID
Correct Answer
D. An array of the columns in the row with the specified product IDExplanation
The function "get_product" returns an array of the columns in the row with the specified product ID. This is because the function executes a SQL query to select all the columns from the "products" table where the productID matches the specified product ID. It then fetches the first row of the result set and returns it as an array. Therefore, the returned array will contain the columns of the row with the specified product ID.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Code example 5-1 function get_product($product_id) { global $db; $query = "SELECT * FROM products WHERE productID = '$product_id'"; $product = $db->query($query); $product = $product->fetch(); return $product; } (Refer to code example 5-1) Which of the following is a proper PHP statement for calling the function in this example and storing the returned result in a variable named $product.
- A.
$product = get_product($product_id);
- B.
$product = get_product(product_id);
- C.
$product = $get_product($product_id);
- D.
$product = $get_product(product_id);
Correct Answer
A. $product = get_product($product_id);Explanation
The correct answer is "$product = get_product($product_id);" because it correctly calls the function "get_product" with the parameter "$product_id" and stores the returned result in the variable "$product".Rate this question:
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- 29.
When you use the header function to redirect a request,
- A.
A response is sent to the web server so it requests another page
- B.
The web server returns a new page to the browser
- C.
A response is returned to the browser that tells it to request another page
- D.
The web server returns a new page to the controller of the MVC pattern
Correct Answer
C. A response is returned to the browser that tells it to request another pageExplanation
When you use the header function to redirect a request, a response is returned to the browser that tells it to request another page. This means that the web server sends a message to the browser instructing it to load a different page. The browser then follows this instruction and sends a new request to the web server for the specified page.Rate this question:
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- 30.
One reason for using the header function to redirect a request
- A.
Is that it’s more efficient than forwarding a request
- B.
Is to have a PHP file run itself again
- C.
Is to reduce the number of round trips that are required
- D.
Is to do all processing for the request on the server
Correct Answer
B. Is to have a PHP file run itself againExplanation
Using the header function to redirect a request allows a PHP file to run itself again. This can be useful in situations where the file needs to perform certain actions or calculations multiple times. By redirecting the request to the same file, it eliminates the need to create separate files or duplicate code. This approach can be more efficient and maintainable compared to forwarding the request or creating additional round trips.Rate this question:
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- 31.
As you ____________________ an application, you try to make it fail.
Correct Answer
testExplanation
In the given statement, the word "test" is repeated. This repetition suggests that the action being described is related to testing an application. When testing an application, the goal is to identify any potential failures or issues. Therefore, the correct answer is "test."Rate this question:
- 32.
When you test an application, you start by using ____________________ data.
Correct Answer
validExplanation
When you test an application, you start by using valid data. This means that you input data that is within the expected range and format, and represents real-life scenarios. Testing with valid data helps ensure that the application functions correctly under normal circumstances and produces the desired results. It allows you to verify that the application handles valid inputs appropriately and does not produce any errors or unexpected behaviors. By starting with valid data, you can establish a baseline for testing and then proceed to test with different types of invalid or edge case data to further validate the application's behavior.Rate this question:
- 33.
A __________________ error violates the rules for how PHP statements must be written.
Correct Answer
syntaxExplanation
A syntax error refers to a mistake in the way PHP statements are written, meaning that the code does not follow the proper syntax rules. This could include missing or misplaced punctuation, incorrect variable naming, or using incorrect keywords. Syntax errors prevent the code from being executed correctly and need to be fixed before the program can run without errors.Rate this question:
- 34.
A simple way to trace the execution of an application is to insert __________________ statements at appropriate points within the code.
Correct Answer
echoExplanation
One way to trace the execution of an application is by inserting "echo" statements at appropriate points within the code. This allows for the printing of specific values or messages during runtime, providing visibility into the flow of the program and helping in debugging and understanding the program's behavior.Rate this question:
- 35.
When a breakpoint is reached while you’re testing an application with NetBeans, you can view the values of the available __________________.
Correct Answer
variablesExplanation
When a breakpoint is reached while testing an application with NetBeans, you can view the values of the available variables. This means that at the point where the program execution is paused, you can see the current values stored in the variables of the application. This can be useful for debugging purposes, as it allows you to inspect the state of the variables and track down any issues or unexpected behavior in the code.Rate this question:
- 36.
When you’re using NetBeans, you can step through the execution of an application one statement at a time by clicking on the Step __________________ button.
Correct Answer
intoExplanation
The correct answer is "into". When using NetBeans, the "Step into" button allows you to step through the execution of an application one statement at a time. This feature is commonly used in debugging to trace the flow of the program and understand how each statement is executed.Rate this question:
- 37.
The goal of testing is to
- A.
Fix all errors in the application
- B.
Find all errors in the application
- C.
Make sure the application works with valid data
- D.
Make sure the application works with invalid data
Correct Answer
B. Find all errors in the applicationExplanation
The goal of testing is to find all errors in the application. Testing is a crucial process in software development that involves executing the application with the intention of identifying any defects or errors. By finding and documenting these errors, developers and testers can then work on fixing them, ultimately improving the quality and functionality of the application. Testing also helps in identifying potential issues that may arise when the application is used with different data inputs, both valid and invalid.Rate this question:
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- 38.
An error that lets the application run but produces the wrong results is known as a
- A.
Runtime error
- B.
User error
- C.
Logic error
- D.
Syntax error
Correct Answer
C. Logic errorExplanation
A logic error refers to a mistake in the program's logic or algorithm, causing it to produce incorrect results. Unlike syntax errors, which prevent the program from running, logic errors allow the application to run but lead to wrong outputs. These errors often occur due to incorrect implementation of conditional statements, loops, or mathematical operations. Debugging logic errors can be challenging as they require careful examination of the code to identify and correct the flawed logic.Rate this question:
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- 39.
An error that occurs after an application is running is known as a
- A.
Runtime error
- B.
User error
- C.
Logic error
- D.
Syntax error
Correct Answer
A. Runtime errorExplanation
A runtime error is an error that occurs while a program is running. It is usually caused by unexpected conditions or inputs that the program is unable to handle. Unlike syntax errors, which occur during the compilation of the code, runtime errors are not detected until the program is executed. These errors can cause the program to crash or produce incorrect results. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is runtime error.Rate this question:
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- 40.
When you click on the Continue button while you’re debugging with NetBeans, the application
- A.
Runs to the next breakpoint
- B.
Executes the next statement in sequence
- C.
Lets you step through the statements
- D.
Removes the breakpoint
Correct Answer
A. Runs to the next breakpointExplanation
When you click on the Continue button while debugging with NetBeans, the application will run to the next breakpoint. This means that the program will continue executing until it reaches the next breakpoint in the code, where it will pause again for further debugging.Rate this question:
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