Educational Psychology - Qp5

Explanation
Language can be summarized in terms of propositions and sentence structure. Propositions refer to the meaning or content conveyed by a sentence, while sentence structure refers to the arrangement of words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences. These two aspects are crucial in understanding and communicating in any language. Memory, on the other hand, may play a role in language acquisition and retention but is not directly related to summarizing language.

Explanation
When trying to understand a sentence, we typically analyze it by breaking it down into its individual components and determining how they relate to each other. This process involves going in the opposite direction of the sentence structure, as we start with the main idea or subject and then identify the supporting details or modifiers. By doing so, we can better comprehend the meaning and intention behind the sentence. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation
Children typically begin to utter single words at around 12 to 18 months of age. This is when they start to develop their language skills and begin to understand and use simple words to communicate their needs and wants. During this period, they may start saying simple words like "mama" or "dada" and gradually expand their vocabulary. It is important to note that every child develops at their own pace, so some children may start speaking earlier or later than this average range.

Explanation
The statement is false because important grammatical morphemes include not only prefixes but also suffixes and infixes. These morphemes play a crucial role in altering the meaning or function of a word. Therefore, it is incorrect to claim that prefixes are the only important grammatical morphemes.

Explanation
Children learn to utter sentences through conditioning and hypothesis testing. Conditioning refers to the process of learning through repeated exposure and reinforcement. Children learn to associate certain words and phrases with specific meanings based on the responses they receive from others. Hypothesis testing involves children making guesses or hypotheses about how language works and then testing those hypotheses through trial and error. They learn to adjust their language production based on the feedback they receive from others, gradually refining their sentence construction skills.

Explanation
Innate behavior refers to instinctive or natural behavior that is present in an organism from birth. It is not learned or acquired through experience but rather emerges automatically. This means that it is inherent and does not require any external stimulus or training to be displayed. Therefore, the statement that innate behavior emerges more or less automatically is true.

Explanation
The given statement suggests that studies have found evidence that children use operating principles as a guide to forming hypotheses. This implies that children rely on these principles to make educated guesses or predictions about various situations or phenomena. This aligns with the idea that children actively engage in cognitive processes and utilize existing knowledge to make sense of the world around them.