Trivia: How Much Do You Actually Know About Cells?

Ribosomes are responsible for making proteins. They are small, spherical organelles found in the cytoplasm of cells. Ribosomes are composed of RNA and proteins and are involved in protein synthesis. They read the genetic information from the DNA and use it to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins. Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down waste materials, while mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating energy. Therefore, the correct answer is ribosomes.

Mitochondria are responsible for powering the cell through the process of cellular respiration. They generate energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through the oxidation of glucose and other organic molecules. This energy is then used for various cellular activities, such as metabolism, movement, and synthesis of molecules. The endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus are involved in protein synthesis and transportation, but they do not directly generate energy for the cell. Therefore, the correct answer is mitochondria.

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that is found inside the cell. It is a semi-transparent fluid that fills the cell and contains various organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes. Cytoplasm plays a crucial role in maintaining the shape and structure of the cell, as well as in facilitating the movement of organelles and molecules within the cell. It also serves as a site for many cellular processes, including protein synthesis and metabolism. Ectoplasm and cytokinesis are not the correct answers as they refer to different processes or structures within the cell.

Active transport is the correct answer because it is the only type of transport that requires cellular energy and moves up the concentration gradient. Passive transport, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis all move substances down the concentration gradient and do not require cellular energy. Active transport, on the other hand, moves substances against the concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, which requires energy in the form of ATP.

Facilitated diffusion is the correct answer because it is a type of movement through the cell membrane that does not require energy. It involves the passive transport of molecules or ions across the membrane with the help of transport proteins. These proteins create channels or carriers that allow specific substances to move down their concentration gradient, from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Unlike active transport processes such as endocytosis, pinocytosis, exocytosis, and transcytosis, facilitated diffusion does not require the input of energy.

The Endoplasmic Reticulum is responsible for synthesizing proteins. This organelle plays a crucial role in protein production and modification. It is involved in the folding, assembly, and transportation of proteins within the cell. Therefore, the correct answer is proteins.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the molecule responsible for storing and transferring energy in the body. It is commonly referred to as the "energy currency" of cells. ATP is formed through the process of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down in a series of reactions, including glycolysis, to produce ATP. Therefore, the correct answer is adenosine triphosphate.

All of the options listed in the question are examples of simple sugars. Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides, which are the simplest form of sugar. Sucrose is a disaccharide made up of glucose and fructose molecules bonded together. Table sugar, also known as sucrose, is a common form of sugar used in cooking and baking. Therefore, all of the options provided in the question are correct examples of simple sugars.

The correct answer is none of these. The question is asking for the term that describes loosely coiled fibers of DNA and protein. rRNA, mRNA, tRNA, and carbohydrates do not accurately describe this structure. rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA are types of RNA molecules, while carbohydrates are a different type of biomolecule. Therefore, none of these options correctly describe the loosely coiled fibers of DNA and protein.

Telomerase is the correct answer because it is an enzyme that cancer cells activate, leading to uncontrolled cell division. Telomerase is responsible for maintaining the length of telomeres, which are protective caps on the ends of chromosomes. In normal cells, telomerase is not active, and as cells divide, the telomeres gradually shorten, eventually leading to cell senescence or death. However, cancer cells activate telomerase, allowing them to continuously divide and proliferate, a characteristic feature of cancer.