MS. Newton-4.1 Key TerMS Quiz

A molecule is a group of at least two covalently bonded atoms. This means that the atoms in a molecule are held together by sharing electrons. A molecule can be made up of atoms of the same element or different elements. In contrast, a cation is a positively charged ion, an anion is a negatively charged ion, and salt is a compound formed by the ionic bonding of a cation and an anion. Therefore, out of the given options, molecule is the correct answer.

The term "aqueous" refers to a solution in which water is the solvent. In this context, it means that water is used to dissolve another substance, such as a salt or a hydrate. The term "aqueous" is commonly used in chemistry to describe solutions that involve water as the solvent. It is important to note that "aqueous" does not specify the type of solute or the concentration of the solute in the solution, it simply indicates that water is the solvent.

A positively charged ion is called a cation. It is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons, resulting in a net positive charge. Cations are attracted to negatively charged particles and are often involved in chemical reactions. An example of a cation is the sodium ion (Na+), which forms when a sodium atom loses one electron.

An anion is a negatively charged ion. In chemistry, ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged and is called an anion. Anions are often found in acidic substances, as acids tend to release hydrogen ions, which are positively charged. Therefore, the correct answer is anion.

A solution with a pH less than 7 is considered acidic. This means that the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution is higher than the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-). Acids have a sour taste and can react with metals, turn litmus paper red, and have a corrosive effect on certain materials.

A reactant is a substance that undergoes a chemical reaction to form new products. In this context, the question is asking for the starting material in a chemical reaction. Therefore, the correct answer is "Reactant."

In a chemical reaction, the product refers to the material that is formed as a result of the reaction. It is the end result or outcome of the reaction, which may be a new substance or a combination of different substances. The product is different from the reactants, which are the starting materials or substances that undergo the reaction. In this context, the correct answer is "Product" because it accurately describes the material produced during a chemical reaction.

A hydrate is a compound that contains a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit. In other words, it is a substance that has water molecules trapped within its crystal structure. This water is not chemically bonded to the compound, but rather held by weak intermolecular forces. When the hydrate is heated, the water molecules can be released, resulting in the compound becoming anhydrous.

Dissociation refers to the process of separating a compound into its ions when it is dissolved in water. In this context, the term "dissociate" accurately describes the action of breaking apart a compound into its constituent ions in an aqueous solution. This process is commonly observed with salts, where the positive and negative ions become surrounded by water molecules, forming a solution. The other options, such as "salt," "anhydrous," and "hydrate," do not specifically refer to the process of separating a compound into ions in water.

An ionic compound is formed when positively charged cations and negatively charged anions combine. Salt is an example of such a compound, as it is formed when a metal cation (positive) combines with a non-metal anion (negative). The positive and negative charges attract each other, forming a stable compound with a crystal lattice structure. Therefore, salt is the correct answer as it fits the description of an ionic compound composed of cations and anions.