PRAXIS II Physical Education Exam Prep

Explanation
Push-ups are not relevant in calisthenics because they are already included in the exercise category of pushing. Calisthenics focuses on using bodyweight exercises to build strength and flexibility, and push-ups are a fundamental exercise that falls under the pushing category. Running and grasping are not specific exercises in calisthenics, but they can be incorporated into calisthenics routines as they involve different movements and muscle groups.

Explanation
Fitness is not considered a psychomotor skill because it primarily refers to the overall physical health and well-being of an individual, including attributes such as cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility. Psychomotor skills, on the other hand, involve the coordination of physical movements and the ability to perform specific tasks or activities that require both mental and physical abilities. Coordination, agility, and balance are all examples of psychomotor skills as they require the integration of cognitive processes and physical movements to achieve a specific goal or outcome.

Explanation
Fatigue does not help in achieving physical fitness because it is a state of extreme tiredness and exhaustion. Physical fitness requires regular physical exercise, which helps to improve cardiovascular health, build strength and endurance, and maintain a healthy weight. Sufficient rest is important for recovery and muscle growth, while nutrition provides the necessary fuel and nutrients for the body to function optimally during exercise. However, fatigue can hinder physical fitness goals as it can lead to decreased motivation, decreased performance, and increased risk of injury.

Explanation
Fitness refers to the quality of being fit, which includes physical strength, endurance, and overall health. It is the state of being physically and mentally capable of performing activities and tasks efficiently. Therefore, fitness is the correct answer as it best describes the quality of being fit.

Explanation
Myokines are substances that are released by muscle cells during exercise. They play a crucial role in promoting muscle growth and repair. These signaling molecules help to stimulate muscle protein synthesis, increase blood flow to muscles, and enhance muscle metabolism. By promoting muscle growth, myokines contribute to improved muscle strength and overall physical performance.

Explanation
Weight lifting is anaerobic exercise because it involves short bursts of intense activity that require high levels of energy. During weight lifting, the body relies on stored energy sources, such as ATP and creatine phosphate, rather than oxygen, to fuel the muscles. This type of exercise helps to build strength and muscle mass. In contrast, jogging, walking, and dancing are aerobic exercises that require sustained moderate intensity and utilize oxygen to produce energy.

Explanation
Cycling is an example of aerobic exercise because it is a continuous and rhythmic activity that increases heart rate and breathing rate. It is a low-impact exercise that uses large muscle groups and requires a steady supply of oxygen to meet the energy demands of the body. This type of exercise improves cardiovascular fitness, strengthens muscles, and helps in weight management. Hill sprints, century ride, and marathon are also forms of exercise, but they can be categorized as both aerobic and anaerobic depending on the intensity and duration.

Explanation
There are two types of anaerobic energy systems. These include the ATP-PCr system, which provides immediate energy for short bursts of intense activity, and the glycolytic system, which provides energy for longer periods of high-intensity exercise. These systems do not require oxygen and are used when the body's demand for energy exceeds the amount of oxygen available.

Explanation
Creatinine is the waste product produced in the muscles. It is formed from the breakdown of creatine, which is an important molecule for energy production in the muscles. Creatinine is then transported through the bloodstream to the kidneys, where it is filtered out and excreted in the urine. Elevated levels of creatinine in the blood can indicate kidney dysfunction or muscle damage.

Explanation
During anaerobic glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, which is then converted into lactate in the absence of oxygen. Lactate is the by-product of this process and is produced when the body needs energy quickly and there is not enough oxygen available. This lactate can be further metabolized or converted back into glucose in the liver through a process called the Cori cycle. Therefore, lactate is the correct answer as the by-product of anaerobic glycolysis.