Dental Board Exam Prep, Part II

Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics is the correct answer because it involves the straightening of teeth and modification of midface and mandibular growth. This specialty focuses on correcting dental and facial irregularities, such as misaligned teeth and jaw alignment issues, through the use of braces, aligners, and other orthodontic appliances. It aims to improve both the function and aesthetics of the teeth and face.

Tetracycline is the drug being referred to in this question. When taken during the enamel developmental stage of teeth, it can cause hypoplasia and intrinsic staining. This means that the drug can affect the growth and development of the enamel, leading to underdevelopment (hypoplasia) and discoloration (intrinsic staining) of the teeth.

Periapical abscess is a collection of pus that occurs at the root of a tooth. It is usually caused by infection. Infection can occur when bacteria enter the tooth through a cavity or a crack, leading to inflammation and the formation of pus. Tooth decay and dead tissues can contribute to the development of an infection, but the primary cause is the presence of bacteria that trigger the inflammatory response and the subsequent formation of pus.

Excessive consumption of soft drinks can cause tooth erosion. Soft drinks are high in sugar and acid, which can weaken the enamel on the teeth over time. This erosion can lead to tooth sensitivity, discoloration, and even tooth loss if not addressed. It is important to limit the consumption of sugary and acidic beverages and maintain good oral hygiene to prevent tooth erosion.

Possible thin dentin with normal enamel thickness and cervical fractures are symptoms of Dentinogenesis imperfecta. This condition is characterized by the abnormal development of dentin, which is the hard tissue that forms the majority of the tooth. In Dentinogenesis imperfecta, the dentin is not properly formed, leading to weak and brittle teeth that are prone to fractures. The enamel, on the other hand, is typically normal in thickness.

External root resorption refers to the loss of tooth structure on the root due to resorption by the periodontal ligament. This occurs on the outer surface of the root and is often caused by factors such as trauma, orthodontic treatment, or inflammation. Internal root resorption, on the other hand, refers to the resorption of tooth structure within the root canal. Expanded root resorption and none of the above are not accurate terms to describe the loss of tooth structure on the root due to periodontal ligament resorption.

Infantile Osteopetrosis is a genetic condition that causes abnormal bone growth and density. It can lead to various complications such as fractures, hearing loss, and vision problems. However, a "peeked nose" is not a known symptom or complication of this condition. Therefore, the correct answer is "Peeked nose" as it is not associated with Infantile Osteopetrosis.

Noma, Arthrodesis, and Osteoarthritis are all causal factors of Ankylosis. Ankylosis refers to the fusion or stiffening of a joint, which can be caused by various factors including Noma (a severe bacterial infection that affects the mouth), Arthrodesis (a surgical procedure to fuse a joint), and Osteoarthritis (a degenerative joint disease). These conditions can lead to the loss of mobility and function in the affected joint, resulting in ankylosis.

Periradicular inflammation and larger opening of normal coronal formation are symptoms commonly associated with dens invaginatus. Dens invaginatus is a developmental dental anomaly where the enamel invaginates into the dental papilla during tooth formation. This condition can lead to various complications, including inflammation of the surrounding tissues (periradicular inflammation) and abnormal widening of the opening of the tooth (larger opening of normal coronal formation). Therefore, dens invaginatus is the most likely diagnosis based on the given symptoms.

Wrist joint, Metacarpophalangeal joints, and Metatarsophalangeal joints are all examples of ellipsoid joints. Ellipsoid joints allow movement in two planes, allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction. They have a convex surface in one bone that fits into a concave surface in another bone, allowing for a wide range of motion while still providing stability.