3d1x2 5 Level CDC Vol. 2

The correct answer is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). DHCP is an application layer protocol that automates the process of assigning unique IP addresses to devices on a network. It allows for the dynamic allocation of IP addresses, making it easier to manage and configure network devices. DHCP eliminates the need for manual IP address assignment and ensures efficient utilization of available IP addresses.

The physical address of any device on the network is a Media Access Control (MAC) address. A MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment. It is used to identify devices on a local network and is different from an IP address. MAC addresses are assigned by the manufacturer and are hardcoded into the network interface card, making them unique to each device.

A network interface card (NIC) is a device that provides the physical, electrical, and electronic connections to the network media. It is responsible for connecting a computer or other network-enabled device to the network, allowing it to send and receive data. The NIC acts as an interface between the computer and the network, converting the digital data into electrical signals that can be transmitted over the network media, such as Ethernet cables or wireless connections. Therefore, the NIC is the correct answer as it directly provides the necessary connections to the network media.

Ping is a protocol analyzer utility that is commonly used to determine if a network node is connected or responding. It sends a small packet of data to the specified network node and waits for a response. If a response is received, it indicates that the node is connected and responding. If no response is received, it suggests that the node may be disconnected or not responding. Therefore, Ping is the correct answer for this question.

Four bits can represent 2^4 = 16 possible symbols. Each bit can have two possible values, 0 or 1. Therefore, with four bits, there are 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 = 16 different combinations, each representing a unique symbol.

A switch is a device that subdivides a network into smaller logical pieces or segments. It operates at the data link layer of the OSI model and uses MAC addresses to forward data packets to the appropriate destination. Switches provide improved network performance and security by creating separate collision domains, allowing for simultaneous communication between different devices on the network. They also help to reduce network congestion by only forwarding data packets to the specific devices that need them, rather than broadcasting them to all devices on the network.

Trace Route is a protocol analyzer utility that is used to see the path that packets are traveling and the time it takes for the packets to complete the trip. It helps in identifying the routers or network devices through which the packets are passing and also provides information about the round-trip time (RTT) for each hop. This can be useful in troubleshooting network connectivity issues and identifying any bottlenecks or delays in the network. Ping, Who is, and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) are not specifically designed for this purpose.

Access lists are a basic protection mechanism on routers that define traffic flow. They are used to filter network traffic based on specific criteria, such as source or destination IP addresses, protocols, or port numbers. Access lists can be configured to allow or deny traffic, providing control over the flow of data through the router. By using access lists, administrators can implement security measures and prevent unauthorized access or malicious activities on the network.

The correct answer is Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The IEEE developed a collection of standards for LAN architectures, protocols, and technologies called Project 802. The IEEE is a professional association that focuses on the advancement of technology in various fields, including electrical engineering and computer science. They are responsible for setting standards in the industry to ensure compatibility and interoperability between different devices and systems.

In binary-synchronous protocol, the character "SYN" is used to establish and maintain character synchronization prior to the message block and during transmission. This character helps to ensure that the sender and receiver are in sync and can accurately interpret the data being transmitted. It acts as a signal to indicate the start and end of a message, allowing for reliable communication between devices.

Bit-oriented is the correct answer because this data communication protocol is based on individual bits and their positions. It focuses on the manipulation and transmission of bits, ensuring accurate and reliable data transfer. Character-oriented protocols, on the other hand, deal with complete characters or groups of characters rather than individual bits. Routing and network are not relevant to the question as they refer to different aspects of data communication.

A metropolitan area network (MAN) refers to the interconnection of several networks within a city to form a larger network. Unlike a local area network (LAN) which is limited to a small geographical area, a MAN covers a larger area such as a city or metropolitan region. This allows for the sharing of resources and communication between different networks within the city. Therefore, a MAN is the most suitable option for the given scenario.

A router's strength lies in its intelligence. This refers to its ability to analyze network traffic, make decisions on the most efficient path for data packets, and manage the flow of data between different networks. The intelligence of a router allows it to effectively route data, prioritize certain types of traffic over others, and provide security features such as firewall protection. This intelligence is what makes routers essential in directing and managing network traffic in a reliable and efficient manner.

The correct answer is Routing Information Protocol (RIP). RIP is the oldest routing protocol and was one of the first widely used protocols in the early days of networking. It is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as the metric to determine the best path for data packets. RIP has limitations in terms of scalability and convergence time, but it is still used in small networks or as a basic routing protocol. BGP, OSPF, and EIGRP are newer routing protocols that have been developed to address the limitations of RIP and provide more advanced features and capabilities.

A wide area network (WAN) is a type of network that connects networks that are typically separated by geographical distances. Unlike a local area network (LAN) which is confined to a small area, a WAN covers a larger area and allows for communication between different LANs or other networks that are located in different locations. This type of network is commonly used by organizations to connect their offices or branches that are located in different cities or countries.

A combination transmitter/receiver device, in a single package, is commonly known as a transceiver. This device is capable of both transmitting and receiving signals, making it a versatile tool for communication purposes. It eliminates the need for separate devices for transmitting and receiving, providing convenience and efficiency. A transceiver is often used in various communication systems, such as telecommunications, wireless networks, and radio frequency applications.

A time-domain reflectometer (TDR) is a device used to measure the impedance of a cable. Impedance refers to the total opposition to the flow of an alternating current in a circuit. By detecting changes in impedance, a TDR can identify problems in the cable, such as breaks, shorts, or impedance mismatches. Conductance, inductance, and capacitance are also properties of cables, but they do not specifically indicate problems in the same way that changes in impedance do.

The correct answer is Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). IEEE is a worldwide nonprofit association of technical professionals that promotes the development of standards in various fields, including electrical engineering, electronics, telecommunications, and computer science. While organizations like IETF, ETSI, and ICANN also play important roles in establishing standards, IEEE is specifically known for its contributions in the field of electrical and electronics engineering.

The lowest layer is not one of the layers that a layer in the OSI model communicates with. The OSI model consists of seven layers, and each layer communicates with the layer above, the layer below, and its peer layer. The lowest layer, also known as the physical layer, is responsible for the actual transmission and reception of data on the physical medium, such as cables or wireless signals. It does not communicate with any other layers in the model.

A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and devices that are connected together and share a common communications line within a small geographic area. LANs are typically used in homes, offices, or schools where the computers and devices are located in close proximity to each other. This allows for efficient and fast communication between the devices on the network. In contrast, a metropolitan area network (MAN) covers a larger geographic area, a wide area network (WAN) covers an even larger area, and a virtual private network (VPN) is a network that uses a public telecommunication infrastructure, such as the internet, to provide secure remote access to a private network.

UDP is a transport layer protocol that does not guarantee the delivery of packets. Unlike TCP, which ensures reliable and ordered delivery, UDP is a connectionless protocol that does not establish a connection before sending data. It does not track whether packets are received or not, making it a faster but less reliable option. ICMP is a network layer protocol used for diagnostic and error reporting, while IP is a network layer protocol responsible for addressing and routing packets.

Ping is a utility that can verify that TCP/IP is installed and communicating with the network. It sends a small packet of data to a specific IP address and waits for a response. If a response is received, it indicates that the TCP/IP stack is functioning properly and the network connection is active. This makes Ping a useful tool for troubleshooting network connectivity issues and testing network performance. DHCP is a protocol for automatically assigning IP addresses, NTP is a protocol for synchronizing clocks on network devices, and FTP is a protocol for transferring files over a network. None of these protocols specifically verify TCP/IP installation or communication.

An Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) address is divided into two parts: the network portion and the host portion. The network portion identifies the specific network that the device is connected to, while the host portion identifies the specific device within that network. This division allows for efficient routing of data packets across the internet, ensuring that they reach the correct destination.

Latency refers to the time delay that occurs when a switch or any other networking device needs to determine the appropriate destination for a data unit. It is the time taken for the switch to process and make a forwarding decision. Lag refers to a delay or interruption in data transmission, hop refers to the number of devices a data unit passes through in a network, and time zone refers to the geographical region with a specific time offset.

A peer-to-peer network enables users to share resources, files, and printers in a decentralized way. In this type of network, each computer can act as both a client and a server, allowing users to directly connect and share resources with each other without the need for a central server. This allows for greater flexibility and independence among users, as they can easily access and share resources with each other without relying on a central authority.

A subnet mask is used on a TCP/IP network to determine which network a computer is on. It is a 32-bit number that is used to divide an IP address into network and host portions. The subnet mask is applied to the IP address to determine the network address. By comparing the network address of the computer with the network address of other computers, it can be determined whether they are on the same network or not. Therefore, the subnet mask is used to determine the network a computer is on.

Re-addressing the entire network is not a recommendation for planning networks using variable length subnet masking (VLSM). VLSM allows for the creation of subnets with different sizes, so re-addressing the entire network would be unnecessary and time-consuming. It is more efficient to start with the shortest mask, aim to use contiguous subnets where possible, and choose one or more available subnets to subnet further.

A repeater with more than one output port is a hub. A hub is a networking device that allows multiple devices to connect to a network. It receives data packets from one device and broadcasts them to all other devices connected to it. In this case, the repeater acts as a hub by receiving the data packets and transmitting them to multiple output ports, allowing multiple devices to receive the data.

A protocol analyzer is a test equipment that can diagnose digital networks and develop communication software. It is specifically designed to capture, analyze, and decode the communication protocols used in digital networks. It can monitor and analyze the data packets being transmitted, identify any errors or issues in the protocol, and help in troubleshooting and debugging network communication problems. This makes it an essential tool for network administrators and developers working with digital networks and communication software.

The network management function that provides the capability to initialize, operate, and shut down managed devices is Configuration. This function involves setting up and configuring the devices according to the desired specifications, ensuring they are operational, and being able to shut them down when necessary. Fault management deals with detecting, isolating, and resolving network issues. Accounting involves tracking and monitoring network resource usage. Performance management focuses on optimizing network performance.

System monitoring is one of the primary functions of the Network Control Center (NCC). It is usually done in real time and involves keeping a close watch on the system to ensure that it is being operated within the parameters established by the network. This includes monitoring network traffic, performance, and security to identify any issues or anomalies that may arise. System monitoring plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and efficiency of the network infrastructure.

Supersusers have unrestricted access to system commands and data. They are privileged users who have the highest level of access and control over the system. They can perform any operation, modify system settings, and access all data without any restrictions. Powerusers, server operators, and backup operators may have certain levels of access and permissions, but they do not have the same level of unrestricted control as supersusers.

The Open System Interconnect (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven different layers. The layer closest to the end user is the Application layer. This layer provides services directly to the user and is responsible for tasks such as file transfers, email services, and web browsing. It interacts with software applications that the user interacts with, making it the closest layer to the end user.

TFTP is simpler than FTP when transferring files between computers. TFTP is a lightweight protocol that only provides basic file transfer functionality, whereas FTP is a more comprehensive protocol with additional features such as directory listing and file manipulation. TFTP is commonly used in scenarios where simplicity and efficiency are prioritized over advanced functionality. SMTP and HTTP are not file transfer protocols, but rather protocols used for email and web communication respectively.

The cable scanner wire-map display identifies crossover and straight-through cables by providing wiring maps at both ends of the cable. This means that the display will show the wiring configuration of the cable at both ends, allowing the user to determine whether it is a crossover or straight-through cable. The other options mentioned, such as displaying opens, shorts, and split pairs, monitoring and providing access to conductors, and measuring current, frequency, and resistance, do not directly relate to identifying crossover and straight-through cables.

Passive and active are the two vulnerability scanner examination techniques. Passive scanning involves monitoring network traffic and collecting data without actively sending any packets, while active scanning involves actively sending packets and probing the network for vulnerabilities. Both techniques are important in identifying and assessing vulnerabilities in a system or network.

Internet backbones use the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) as their routing protocol. BGP is specifically designed for large-scale networks and is used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems (AS). It allows internet service providers (ISPs) to determine the best path for data to travel across the internet, ensuring efficient and reliable routing. BGP is known for its scalability, stability, and ability to handle complex routing policies, making it the preferred choice for internet backbone networks.

Default deny is a security posture that blocks all access and permissions by default, allowing only what is specifically authorized. It is a proactive approach to security that assumes everything is a potential threat unless explicitly allowed. This helps to minimize the risk of unauthorized access, data breaches, and other security incidents. By contrast, default allow is a less secure posture that grants access and permissions to everything by default, requiring explicit restrictions to be put in place. Therefore, default deny is the correct answer as it aligns with the principle of least privilege and is a best practice in security.

An intrusion detection system (IDS) is designed to monitor and analyze network traffic to detect and prevent unauthorized access or malicious activities. However, IDS may miss attacks that bypass the firewall, such as application-based attacks and snooping. Capturing refers to the act of intercepting network traffic, which an IDS is typically able to detect. Rejecting refers to the act of denying or blocking network traffic, which is not related to IDS capabilities. Therefore, the correct answer is tunneling, which refers to the technique of encapsulating one network protocol within another, making it difficult for an IDS to detect any malicious activity within the encapsulated traffic.

The correct answer is 568A. The 568A standard, developed by the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), is used for commercially building telecommunications cabling. This standard specifies the wiring arrangement and color codes for eight-pin modular connectors, commonly known as RJ45 connectors, used in Ethernet connections. It ensures consistency and compatibility in the installation of telecommunications cabling systems.

The correct answer is E-carrier. E-carrier is an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standardized format that is used for digital telecommunications services backbone system. It is widely used in Europe, Asia, and Australia for transmitting voice and data over digital networks. The E-carrier system provides a hierarchical structure for multiplexing multiple digital signals onto a single transmission medium, allowing for efficient and reliable communication.

When more bits are added to a digital signal arranged in a sequence understood by the sender and receiver, a code set is established. This means that the additional bits are used to represent different symbols or characters, allowing for a wider range of information to be transmitted and understood. The code set defines the mapping between the digital signal and the corresponding symbols or characters, enabling effective communication between the sender and receiver.

The Open System Interconnect (OSI) reference model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven different layers. It provides a common language and structure for different network technologies to communicate with each other. The ISO's contribution in creating the OSI model has been significant in the field of networking and has helped in the development and interoperability of various networking protocols and technologies.

The correct answer is Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). ARP is a network layer protocol that is used to match a known IP address to a MAC address. It is responsible for resolving IP addresses to MAC addresses in order to facilitate communication between devices on a local network. When a device wants to send data to another device on the same network, it needs to know the MAC address of the destination device. ARP helps in mapping the IP address to the corresponding MAC address, allowing the data to be properly delivered.

FTP is the correct answer because it is an application layer protocol specifically designed for sending and receiving files over a TCP/IP network. FTP provides a set of commands that allow users to authenticate, navigate directories, and transfer files between a client and a server. It is widely used for file sharing and is supported by most operating systems. TFTP, SMTP, and HTTP are also application layer protocols, but they serve different purposes such as simple file transfers, email transmission, and web browsing respectively.

Teredo is an Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) tunneling approach that attempts to solve the issue of IPv6 to IP version 4 (IPv4), IP protocol 41 issue. Teredo is designed to allow IPv6 traffic to pass through IPv4 network address translators (NATs) and firewalls by encapsulating IPv6 packets within IPv4 UDP datagrams. This allows devices with only IPv4 connectivity to communicate with IPv6-enabled devices. Teredo uses a client-server architecture and automatically assigns IPv6 addresses to devices.

Virtual private networks (VPN) allow the AF to extend network resources across a public network. VPNs create a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, such as the internet, allowing users to access network resources remotely. This enables the AF to securely connect to and utilize network resources from any location, even when connected to a public network with potential security risks. By using a VPN, the AF can ensure the confidentiality and integrity of their data while extending their network resources beyond their own private network.

When the protocol analyzer application is activated, the automatic feature that runs in the background is node discovery. Node discovery is the process of identifying and mapping the network nodes or devices present in a network. This feature helps in discovering and displaying the network topology, including information about the nodes, their connections, and their characteristics. It allows the protocol analyzer to gather information about the network and its components, enabling better analysis and troubleshooting of network issues.

The network management function that obtains the utilization and error rates of network devices and provides statistical data about the network is performance management. This function is responsible for monitoring and analyzing the performance of the network, including measuring the bandwidth usage, error rates, and other performance metrics. By collecting and analyzing this data, network administrators can identify potential bottlenecks, troubleshoot performance issues, and make informed decisions to optimize the network's performance.

The correct answer is simple network management protocol (SNMP) requests. SNMP is a protocol used for network management and monitoring. It allows network devices to be managed and monitored by a central management system, known as the network management system (NMS). The community name is used as a password or authentication mechanism to ensure that only authorized SNMP requests are accepted by the NMS. Therefore, the community name is used with the NMS to authenticate SNMP requests.