18.5 Later Middle Ages Quiz

Explanation
During the time of the Holy Roman Empire, there was a widespread belief that the Jews were responsible for the arrival of the Black Death. This belief stemmed from anti-Semitic sentiments and conspiracy theories that accused the Jewish community of poisoning wells and spreading the disease. These accusations led to violent persecution of Jews, including mass killings and forced expulsions from various European cities. The blame placed on the Jews for the Black Death was an unfortunate example of scapegoating and prejudice during a time of great fear and uncertainty.

Explanation
Granada is the correct answer because it was the last Muslim stronghold in Spain. During the Reconquista, a period of Christian reconquest, Granada remained under Muslim rule until it fell to the Catholic Monarchs in 1492. This marked the end of Muslim rule in Spain, making Granada the last Muslim stronghold in the country.

Explanation
The Spanish Inquisition was an organization of priests that sought out and harshly punished non-Christians in Spain and Portugal. This religious tribunal was established in the late 15th century and operated for several centuries, with the aim of maintaining Catholic orthodoxy and eliminating any perceived threats to the faith. The Inquisition used various methods, including torture and public executions, to enforce religious conformity and suppress dissent. Its activities resulted in the persecution and expulsion of Jews, Muslims, and other religious minorities from the Iberian Peninsula.

Explanation
Ferdinand and Isabella wanted only Christians in their country, which is why all other religions were forbidden. They sought to establish a unified Christian kingdom and maintain religious homogeneity within their realm. This policy of religious exclusivity was driven by their desire to consolidate power and maintain control over religious practices and beliefs in their kingdom.

Explanation
Some Christians began to question the church because they felt the clergy focused more on money and land than on their spiritual connection with God. This suggests that these individuals believed that the primary role of the church and its clergy should be to guide and nurture their relationship with God, rather than being preoccupied with material possessions or worldly matters.

Explanation
During the late 1200s and early 1300s, both France and England implemented policies that required all Jews to leave the country. This was a result of increasing anti-Semitic sentiment and discrimination against Jews in Europe during that time period. Jews were often blamed for societal problems and were subjected to persecution and expulsion from various countries. France and England were no exception, and they enforced this measure as a means of removing Jews from their territories.

Explanation
The Jews were blamed for the death of Jesus and as a result, they faced discrimination throughout Europe. This discrimination was rooted in anti-Semitic beliefs and prejudices, leading to persecution, violence, and marginalization of the Jewish community. The stereotype of Jews being responsible for the crucifixion of Jesus fueled hatred and hostility towards them, resulting in centuries of discrimination and persecution.

Explanation
In the early 1200s, Pope Innocent III called for a crusade against heretics in Southern France. Heretics were individuals who opposed the teachings of the church, and the Pope sought to suppress their beliefs and bring them back into the fold of the Catholic Church. This crusade was part of the larger efforts by the church to maintain its authority and eliminate any perceived threats to its doctrine.

Explanation
In 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella finally brought an end to the Reconquista when they conquered the kingdom of Granada. This refers to the historical event where the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, successfully completed the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslim Moors. Their victory in Granada marked the end of centuries-long warfare and the establishment of a unified Christian kingdom in Spain.

Explanation
During historical periods, particularly during the Inquisition, individuals were often subjected to torture in order to extract confessions, even if they were innocent. The term "heresy" refers to the act of holding beliefs or opinions that go against established religious doctrines. In this context, individuals may have been forced to confess to heresy under duress, regardless of their actual guilt or innocence. This practice was used to maintain religious orthodoxy and punish those who deviated from the accepted beliefs of the time.