Earth Science Benchmark #2 Review
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What does the prefix mean:Geo-
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Written representation
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Earth, rock
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Arrangement
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.gif "Earth Science Benchmark #2 Review - Quiz")
The 'Earth Science Benchmark #2 Review' assesses understanding of various scientific prefixes like astro-, meteor-, geo-, and more. It focuses on the etymology and relevance of these prefixes in the context of Earth Science, enhancing vocabulary and comprehension skills.
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- 2.
What does the prefix mean:Clima-
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Water
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Air
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Weather
Correct Answer
A. WeatherExplanation
The prefix "clima-" is derived from the Greek word "klima" which means "slope" or "inclination." In English, it is commonly used as a prefix to indicate something related to climate or weather. Therefore, the correct answer for the meaning of the prefix "clima-" is "weather."Rate this question:
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- 3.
What does the prefix mean:Hydro-; hydra-
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Water
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Air
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Earth
Correct Answer
A. WaterExplanation
The prefix "hydro-" or "hydra-" is derived from the Greek word "hydor," which means water. Therefore, when used as a prefix, it indicates a relation to water.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What does the prefix mean:Eco-
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Under
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Nature; natural
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Strong
Correct Answer
A. Nature; naturalExplanation
The prefix "Eco-" in this context means nature or natural. It is commonly used to refer to things that are environmentally friendly or related to ecology. For example, "ecosystem" refers to a natural system of living organisms and their environment.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What does the prefix mean:Bio; Bios
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Life; living
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Below
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Above
Correct Answer
A. Life; livingExplanation
The prefix "bio-" in this context refers to life or living. It is commonly used in words related to biology, such as "biography" (the story of someone's life) or "biological" (related to living organisms).Rate this question:
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- 6.
What does the prefix/suffix/root mean:-ic
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Above
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Having form or characteristics of
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Weather
Correct Answer
A. Having form or characteristics ofExplanation
The prefix/suffix/root "-ic" means "having form or characteristics of". This means that when a word has the suffix "-ic", it is indicating that the word is related to or has the qualities or characteristics of something. For example, "angelic" means having the qualities or characteristics of an angel.Rate this question:
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- 7.
How do tectonic plates fit together?
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Like a layer cake
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Like a jigsaw puzzle
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Like a stack of books
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Like a model car
Correct Answer
A. Like a jigsaw puzzleExplanation
Tectonic plates fit together like a jigsaw puzzle because they have irregular shapes that interlock with each other. Just like the pieces of a puzzle, the edges of the plates have complementary shapes, allowing them to fit together snugly. This fitting together of the plates is known as plate tectonics, which explains the movement and interaction of the Earth's lithosphere. The concept of tectonic plates as a jigsaw puzzle helps us understand how the Earth's surface is constantly changing due to the movement and collisions of these plates.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What causes seismic waves?
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Tidal Wave
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Volcanoes
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Earthquakes
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Tornadoes
Correct Answer
A. EarthquakesExplanation
Seismic waves are caused by earthquakes. When there is a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, it causes vibrations that travel through the Earth in the form of seismic waves. These waves can be felt and measured by seismographs. Tidal waves, also known as tsunamis, are caused by underwater earthquakes, but they are not the direct cause of seismic waves. Volcanoes can also generate seismic waves, but their primary cause is the movement of tectonic plates during earthquakes. Tornadoes, on the other hand, are not related to seismic waves as they are atmospheric phenomena.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What do we call the amount of force placed on something?
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Drift
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Uplift
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Bending
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Stress
Correct Answer
A. StressExplanation
Stress refers to the amount of force applied to an object or material. It is a measure of the internal resistance or pressure experienced by the object when subjected to external forces. Stress can cause deformation or structural changes in the object, and it is commonly used in engineering and physics to analyze the behavior of materials under different loads.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Convection currents occur in the Earth because
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Hot magma rises and is cooled and sinks again to be heated.
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The Earth spins and not all of the magma spins at the same rate.
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Cold magma rises and is heated and sinks again to be cooled.
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Volcanoes pull the magma out of the Earth and it becomes lava.
Correct Answer
A. Hot magma rises and is cooled and sinks again to be heated.Explanation
Convection currents occur in the Earth because hot magma rises and is cooled and sinks again to be heated. This process is known as convection. As the Earth's interior is heated, the hot magma becomes less dense and rises towards the surface. As it reaches cooler regions, it is cooled and becomes denser, causing it to sink back down. This continuous cycle of rising and sinking creates convection currents within the Earth's mantle, which play a crucial role in driving plate tectonics and other geological processes.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Who developed the theory of continental drift?
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Galileo
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Alfred Wegener
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Abraham Ortelius
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Harry Hess
Correct Answer
A. Alfred WegenerExplanation
Alfred Wegener developed the theory of continental drift. He proposed that the Earth's continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea and have since drifted apart. He gathered evidence from various sources, including the fit of the continents, the distribution of fossils, and the matching geological features across continents. Despite initial skepticism, his theory laid the foundation for the modern understanding of plate tectonics.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The distance between a seismic station and the earthquake epicenter is determined from the ________.
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Calculation of the earthquake magnitude
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Intensity of the earthquake
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Arrival time P and S waves
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Measurement of the amplitude of the surface wave
Correct Answer
A. Arrival time P and S wavesExplanation
The arrival time of P and S waves can be used to determine the distance between a seismic station and the earthquake epicenter. P waves are the first waves to arrive at the station and travel faster than S waves. By measuring the time difference between the arrival of P and S waves, scientists can calculate the distance the waves have traveled. This information, along with data from other seismic stations, can help pinpoint the location of the earthquake epicenter.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Plates slide past each other and crust is neither created nor destroyed at a
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Convergent boundary
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Divergent boundary
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Mid ocean ridge
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Transform boundary
Correct Answer
A. Transform boundaryExplanation
At a transform boundary, plates slide past each other horizontally, in opposite directions or in the same direction, but at different speeds. This movement results in a lot of friction and stress, causing earthquakes. The crust is neither created nor destroyed at a transform boundary, as there is no new crust being formed or old crust being subducted or destroyed. Therefore, the correct answer is transform boundary.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Oxidation is an example of
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Chemical weathering
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Cementation
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Physical weathering
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Abrasive weathering
Correct Answer
A. Chemical weatheringExplanation
Oxidation is a process in which a substance combines with oxygen to form an oxide. In the context of weathering, oxidation refers to the reaction of minerals or rocks with oxygen in the presence of water or moisture. This reaction can cause the breakdown and alteration of the minerals, leading to the weathering of the material. Therefore, oxidation is an example of chemical weathering, as it involves a chemical reaction that causes the deterioration of rocks or minerals.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following factors helps determine whether a volcanic eruption will be violent or relatively quiet?
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Amount of dissolved gases in the magma
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Temperature of the magma
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Composition of the magma
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All answers are correct
Correct Answer
A. All answers are correctExplanation
The factors that help determine whether a volcanic eruption will be violent or relatively quiet include the amount of dissolved gases in the magma, the temperature of the magma, and the composition of the magma. These factors can all contribute to the explosiveness or calmness of a volcanic eruption.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Scientists use _______________________ to measure the strength of an earthquake.
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People's observations
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Seismographs
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GPS
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Tremor finders
Correct Answer
A. SeismographsExplanation
Scientists use seismographs to measure the strength of an earthquake. Seismographs are instruments that detect and record the vibrations caused by seismic waves. These waves are generated by the release of energy during an earthquake. By analyzing the data recorded by seismographs, scientists can determine the magnitude and intensity of an earthquake, as well as its location and depth. Seismographs are essential tools in studying and understanding earthquakes, helping scientists assess the potential risks and impacts of seismic events.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Letter E in the diagram represents ________
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Convection
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Transform fault
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Mid-ocean ridge
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Sea floor spreading
Correct Answer
A. ConvectionExplanation
The letter E in the diagram represents convection. Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluid or gas particles. In the context of the diagram, it is likely depicting convection currents in the Earth's mantle, which play a significant role in plate tectonics and the movement of the Earth's crust.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Expansion and contraction of water in rock cracks due to freezing and thawing is
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Frost wedging
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Frost heaving
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Plant wedging
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Salt-crystal growth
Correct Answer
A. Frost wedgingExplanation
Frost wedging refers to the process of water freezing in the cracks of rocks, causing it to expand and exert pressure on the surrounding rock. When the ice thaws, the water contracts, further widening the crack. This repeated freezing and thawing cycle eventually leads to the fragmentation and breakdown of rocks. Therefore, the expansion and contraction of water in rock cracks due to freezing and thawing is known as frost wedging.Rate this question:
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- 19.
An aquifer is a
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Land area drained by a stream system
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Broad, flat, fertile area extending out from a streams bank that may be covered with water
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Irregular topography with sinkholes, sinks, and sinking streams caused by dissolution of limestone
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Permeable underground layer through which water flows easily
Correct Answer
A. Permeable underground layer through which water flows easilyExplanation
The correct answer is "permeable underground layer through which water flows easily". An aquifer refers to a layer of rock or sediment that can hold and transmit water. It acts as a natural storage and filtration system for groundwater. The permeability of the aquifer allows water to move through it easily, making it an important source of water for wells and springs.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by radiation?
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A pan sitting on a hot burner
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The Sun heating the Earth
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Hot air lifting a balloon off the ground
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. The Sun heating the EarthExplanation
The Sun heating the Earth is an example of heat transfer by radiation because it involves the transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves. In this case, the Sun emits radiation in the form of sunlight, which travels through space and reaches the Earth. The Earth then absorbs this radiation, converting it into heat energy and warming the planet. This process does not require any direct contact or medium between the Sun and the Earth, making it an example of radiation heat transfer.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The process by which the atmosphere traps heat is called what?
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The greenhouse effect
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Conduction
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The Coriolis Effect
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Convection
Correct Answer
A. The greenhouse effectExplanation
The greenhouse effect refers to the process by which the Earth's atmosphere traps heat from the sun, causing the planet to warm up. This is due to certain gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, in the atmosphere that allow sunlight to pass through but prevent some of the heat from escaping back into space. This phenomenon is similar to the way a greenhouse traps heat, hence the name.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor?
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Elevation
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Lattitude
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Chemicals
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Sunlight
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All of the above
Correct Answer
A. All of the aboveExplanation
All of the options listed - elevation, latitude, chemicals, and sunlight - are examples of abiotic factors. Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem that can influence the organisms living within it. Elevation and latitude affect temperature and climate, which in turn impact the types of organisms that can survive in a particular area. Chemicals, such as nutrients and pollutants, can also have a significant impact on the ecosystem. Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis and energy transfer in ecosystems. Therefore, all of these options can be considered abiotic factors.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What does the arrow in a food chain represent?
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Directions
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Hustle and Flow
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Viscosity
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Flow of energy
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Cash flow
Correct Answer
A. Flow of energyExplanation
The arrow in a food chain represents the flow of energy. It shows the direction in which energy is transferred from one organism to another as they consume and are consumed by each other. This flow of energy is essential for the functioning and survival of an ecosystem, as it allows energy to move through different trophic levels and sustain life.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environments is called_______.
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The biosphere
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Ecology
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Biology
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Modeling
Correct Answer
A. EcologyExplanation
Ecology is the correct answer because it is the branch of biology that focuses on the relationships and interactions between organisms and their environments. It studies how organisms interact with each other and with their physical surroundings, including the study of ecosystems, populations, and communities. Ecology helps us understand the interconnectedness and interdependence of all living things in the biosphere.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What does the prefix/suffix/root mean:therm-; thermo-
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Heat
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Above
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Stone
Correct Answer
A. HeatExplanation
The prefix/suffix/root "therm-" and "thermo-" both refer to heat. These prefixes/suffixes are commonly used in words related to temperature or thermal energy. For example, "thermometer" is a device used to measure temperature, and "thermodynamics" is the study of heat and its transformation into other forms of energy. Therefore, the correct answer for the meaning of "therm-" and "thermo-" is heat.Rate this question:
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- 26.
What is a place where tectonic plates touch called?
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Collision
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Division
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Boundary
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Separation
Correct Answer
A. BoundaryExplanation
A place where tectonic plates touch is called a boundary. This is where two plates meet and interact with each other. Boundaries can be classified into three types: convergent, divergent, and transform. Convergent boundaries occur when two plates collide, divergent boundaries occur when two plates separate, and transform boundaries occur when two plates slide past each other. Therefore, "boundary" is the correct answer as it encompasses all three types of plate interactions.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Where is the ring of fire located?
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Around the edges of the Atlantic Ocean
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Around the edges of the North American plate
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Around the edges of all of the oceans
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Around the edges of the Pacific Ocean
Correct Answer
A. Around the edges of the Pacific OceanExplanation
The ring of fire is located around the edges of the Pacific Ocean. This area is known for its high volcanic and seismic activity, with a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occurring along the tectonic plate boundaries. The Pacific Ring of Fire is a result of the movement and collision of several tectonic plates, including the Pacific Plate, the Nazca Plate, and the Philippine Sea Plate, creating a zone of intense geological activity.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Most shield volcanoes have grown from the ocean floor to form ______________.
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Islands
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Dikes
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Tectonic plates
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Canyons
Correct Answer
A. IslandsExplanation
Most shield volcanoes have grown from the ocean floor to form islands. This is because shield volcanoes are formed by the accumulation of multiple layers of fluid lava that flows easily and spreads out over a large area. As the lava erupts and cools, it builds up the volcano gradually over time. In the case of shield volcanoes, this process often starts underwater, with volcanic activity occurring on the ocean floor. As the volcano continues to erupt and the lava builds up, it eventually emerges above the water surface, forming an island.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What does the prefix/suffix/root mean:-ology; logy
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Study
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Under
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One that does
Correct Answer
A. StudyExplanation
The prefix/suffix/root "-ology; logy" refers to the meaning of "study". This is evident from the fact that words like biology, psychology, and geology all involve the study of living organisms, the study of the mind, and the study of the Earth respectively. Therefore, the correct answer is "study".Rate this question:
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- 30.
What does the prefix/suffix/root mean:Seismo-
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Volcano
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Earthquake
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Center
Correct Answer
A. EarthquakeExplanation
The prefix "seismo-" refers to seismic or earthquake-related activities. In this case, the word "seismo-" in "seismo-volcano" suggests a volcano that is associated with seismic activity. Therefore, the correct answer is "earthquake."Rate this question:
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- 31.
The surface along which rocks break and slide past each other is called?
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Hanging wall
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Fault
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Footwall
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Compression
Correct Answer
A. FaultExplanation
A fault is the correct answer because it refers to the surface along which rocks break and slide past each other. When there is movement along a fault, it can result in earthquakes. The other options, such as hanging wall, footwall, and compression, are not specific to the surface where rocks break and slide past each other.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The mid-Atlantic ridge occurs along a _______________.
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Convergent boundary
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Divergent boundary
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Transform boundary
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Hot spot
Correct Answer
A. Divergent boundaryExplanation
The mid-Atlantic ridge occurs along a divergent boundary. Divergent boundaries are characterized by the separation of tectonic plates, causing the creation of new crust. In the case of the mid-Atlantic ridge, the North American and Eurasian plates are moving away from each other, resulting in the formation of new oceanic crust. This boundary is marked by volcanic activity and the upwelling of magma from the mantle, which creates a ridge-like feature on the ocean floor.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Where is the ring of fire located?
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Around the edges of the Atlantic Ocean
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Around the edges of the North American plate
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Around the edges of all of the oceans
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Around the edges of the Pacific Ocean
Correct Answer
A. Around the edges of the Pacific OceanExplanation
The ring of fire is located around the edges of the Pacific Ocean. This area is known for its high level of seismic activity, including frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The Pacific Ocean is surrounded by several tectonic plates, and the movement and collision of these plates result in the formation of the ring of fire.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Overall, which seismic station waves are the most destructive?
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P waves
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S waves
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Compression waves
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Surface waves
Correct Answer
A. Surface wavesExplanation
Surface waves are the most destructive seismic waves because they travel along the Earth's surface and cause the most shaking and damage. These waves have a larger amplitude and longer period compared to other seismic waves, resulting in more intense ground motion. Surface waves can cause buildings and structures to collapse, trigger landslides, and generate tsunamis. They are responsible for the majority of the damage and destruction during an earthquake.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Acids in groundwater can
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Create caves
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Cause mountains to form
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Cause plants to grow
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Create salt lakes
Correct Answer
A. Create cavesExplanation
Acids in groundwater can create caves. Groundwater, which is naturally slightly acidic, can dissolve rock over time, especially limestone and other soluble rocks. As the water seeps into cracks and crevices, it slowly erodes the rock, forming underground passages and chambers. This process, known as chemical weathering, can eventually lead to the formation of caves.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting how violently or quietly a volcano erupts?
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Magma's composition
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Magma's temperature
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Size of the volcano's cone
Correct Answer
A. Size of the volcano's coneExplanation
The size of the volcano's cone does not affect how violently or quietly a volcano erupts. The factors that do affect the eruption are the composition of the magma and its temperature. The composition of the magma determines its viscosity, which affects how easily it can flow and therefore how explosive the eruption is. The temperature of the magma also plays a role in determining its viscosity and therefore the violence of the eruption. However, the size of the volcano's cone does not have a direct impact on these factors.Rate this question:
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- 37.
How many seismograms are needed to find the epicenter of an earthquake?
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One
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Two
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Three
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Four
Correct Answer
A. ThreeExplanation
To find the epicenter of an earthquake, at least three seismograms are needed. Seismograms are recordings of the seismic waves generated by an earthquake. By analyzing the arrival times of these waves at different seismograph stations, it is possible to triangulate the epicenter. With only one seismogram, it would be impossible to determine the exact location of the earthquake. Two seismograms could provide a rough estimate, but a third one is necessary to accurately pinpoint the epicenter. Therefore, three seismograms are required to find the epicenter of an earthquake.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which type of seismic waves are the most destructive?
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S Waves
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P Waves
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Surface Waves
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Sub Surface Waves
Correct Answer
A. Surface WavesExplanation
Surface waves are the most destructive type of seismic waves. These waves travel along the Earth's surface and cause the ground to move in a rolling motion, similar to ocean waves. Surface waves have the largest amplitudes and longest wavelengths compared to other types of seismic waves, making them capable of causing significant damage to buildings and infrastructure. They are responsible for the majority of the destruction during earthquakes, as they produce the strongest shaking and can cause the ground to rupture.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Letter A in the diagram represents a ________
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Volcanic island arc
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Trench
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Mid-ocean ridge
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Sea floor spreading
Correct Answer
A. Volcanic island arcExplanation
The correct answer is volcanic island arc. A volcanic island arc is a curved chain of volcanic islands that form parallel to a convergent plate boundary. These arcs are typically found in areas where one tectonic plate is subducting beneath another. The diagram likely shows a curved chain of volcanic islands, indicating the presence of a volcanic island arc.Rate this question:
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- 40.
What needs to happen for an igneous rock to change into a metamorphic rock?
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Llithification
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Crystalization
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Weathering
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Lava
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Heat and pressure
Correct Answer
A. Heat and pressureExplanation
For an igneous rock to change into a metamorphic rock, it needs to undergo heat and pressure. Heat and pressure cause the minerals within the rock to recrystallize and rearrange, resulting in a new rock with different physical and chemical properties. This process occurs deep within the Earth's crust where temperatures and pressures are high enough to facilitate these changes.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The __ is the location on the surface directly above the focus.
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Cause of the earthquake
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Epicenter
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Fault
Correct Answer
A. EpicenterExplanation
The epicenter is the location on the surface directly above the focus of an earthquake. It is the point where the seismic waves originate and where the most intense shaking is felt. By determining the epicenter, scientists can better understand the source and impact of the earthquake.Rate this question:
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- 42.
A substance whose pH level is less than 7 and is made up of hydrogen ions is a(n) __________.
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Base
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Noble gas
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Acid
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Atom
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Nitrate
Correct Answer
A. AcidExplanation
An acid is a substance that has a pH level less than 7 and is made up of hydrogen ions. Acids are known for their ability to donate protons or accept pairs of electrons. They typically have a sour taste, can corrode metals, and turn blue litmus paper red. Examples of common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).Rate this question:
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- 43.
Continental crust is ______________________ than oceanic crust
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Hotter
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Colder
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Thicker
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Thinner
Correct Answer
A. ThickerExplanation
Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust. This is because continental crust is primarily composed of less dense granitic rocks, which are lighter and thicker compared to the denser basaltic rocks that make up oceanic crust. The granitic rocks in continental crust are also older and have undergone less subduction, allowing them to accumulate over time and build up a thicker layer. In contrast, oceanic crust is constantly being formed at mid-ocean ridges and being consumed at subduction zones, resulting in a thinner layer overall.Rate this question:
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- 44.
What is the most common gas in the atmosphere?
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Oxygen
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Carbon dioxide
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Nitrogen
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Methane
Correct Answer
A. NitrogenExplanation
Nitrogen is the most common gas in the atmosphere, accounting for about 78% of the air we breathe. It is an essential component for all living organisms and plays a crucial role in various biological processes. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and methane are also present in the atmosphere but in much smaller quantities compared to nitrogen.Rate this question:
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- 45.
The condition of the Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place is known as _____________________.
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Weather
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Atmosphere
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Water vapor
Correct Answer
A. WeatherExplanation
The condition of the Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place refers to the combination of temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and other atmospheric conditions. This is known as weather.Rate this question:
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- 46.
How does radiation travel through space?
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Energy travels in a straight line.
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Energy travels in a zig zag line.
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Energy travels as waves.
Correct Answer
A. Energy travels as waves.Explanation
Radiation travels through space as waves because it is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic waves, such as light and radio waves, can travel through a vacuum, including the vast expanse of space. These waves carry energy and propagate in a straight line, allowing radiation to travel across the emptiness of space without the need for a medium.Rate this question:
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- 47.
What would be the result of deforestation?
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An increase in carbon dioxide.
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A decrease in carbon dioxide.
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No effect
Correct Answer
A. An increase in carbon dioxide.Explanation
Deforestation refers to the removal or destruction of trees and vegetation in a forested area. Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis. When deforestation occurs, the trees are no longer able to perform this function, leading to an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Therefore, the result of deforestation would be an increase in carbon dioxide, which contributes to climate change and global warming.Rate this question:
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- 48.
A cooperative partnership between two species in which both species benefit is known as
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Commensalism
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Parasitism
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Mutualism
Correct Answer
A. MutualismExplanation
Mutualism is a cooperative partnership between two species in which both species benefit. This means that both species rely on each other for resources, protection, or other advantages. In this type of relationship, each species contributes something valuable to the other, resulting in mutual benefits. Unlike commensalism, where one species benefits while the other is unaffected, and parasitism, where one species benefits at the expense of the other, mutualism is a mutually beneficial interaction between two species.Rate this question:
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- 49.
A lichen is actually composed of two organisms--a fungus and an alga. They depend on each other for survival. The most specific term that describes their relationship is ________.?
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Parasitism
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Mutualism
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Commensalism
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symbiosis
Correct Answer
A. MutualismExplanation
A lichen is composed of two organisms, a fungus and an alga, which have a mutualistic relationship. Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit from each other's presence. In this case, the alga provides food through photosynthesis, while the fungus provides a protective structure and absorbs water and nutrients for the alga. This interdependence allows both organisms to survive and thrive together.Rate this question:
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Dec 09, 2013Quiz Created by
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