Pre-ecat 2019 (Group: F.Sc Pre Engineering)

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The addition of unsymmetrical reagents to an unsymmetrical alkenes is in the accordance with rule:
- Hund's Rule
- Markownikov's Rule
- Pauli- Exclusion Prinicple
- Aufau- Principle

About This Quiz

Assalam O Alikum!
Dear member,You're about to start the "Pre-ECAT Online MOCK Test 2019". Therefore, before starting the test please ensure that you have selected the Correct ECAT combination test (Physics/Chemistry/English/Mathematics) and you've also prepared well and covered all topics in Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry and English, because this test is actually based on your concepts and important knowledge extracted only from textbooks. However, English is utterly based on your mental caliber which consists of two comprehension passage included as per ECAT Pattern.

Please read the following instructions carefully: First Portion is from "Physics", which contains 30 MCQs (Question. 01-30) Second Portion is from "Mathematics", which contains 30 MCQs (Question 31-60) Third Portion is from "Chemistry", which contains 30 MCQs (Question. 61-90) Forth Portion is from "English", which contains 20 MCQs (Question 91-100) Total Strength of MCQs: 100 Total Time: 1 Hr 40 mins (100 Minutes) Total Marks: 400 Each MCQs: 4 Mark Negative Marking: -1 Un-attempted question earns: 0 Only one chance to attempt for each member. You can skip any Question This Quiz system allows you to attempt any question on your own choice. This Quiz system synchronize you with its central clock ticking on right top side. System is set on ECAT Pattern. Everything would be entertained by this system as per ECAT rules and regulations. In case, you find any discrepancy in this mock test, please feel free to share with us without any reluctance (We'd try to resolve it to the best of our knowledge- In Sha Allaah!) Don't use Calculator or

Pre-ecat 2019 (Group: F.Sc Pre Engineering) - Quiz

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2.

Hydrogen bond is the strongest between the molecules of:
- HF
- HCl
- HBr
- HI
Correct Answer

A. HF

Explanation

Hydrogen bond is the strongest between the molecules of HF because HF has the highest electronegativity difference between hydrogen and fluorine atoms. This large electronegativity difference results in a highly polarized bond, with the hydrogen atom carrying a partial positive charge and the fluorine atom carrying a partial negative charge. This creates a strong electrostatic attraction between the hydrogen atom of one HF molecule and the fluorine atom of another HF molecule, leading to the formation of strong hydrogen bonds. In comparison, HCl, HBr, and HI have lower electronegativity differences, resulting in weaker hydrogen bonds.

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3.

When water freezes, it occupies;
- 9% more space
- 9% less space
- Same amount of space
- None of these
Correct Answer

A. 9% more space

Explanation

When water freezes, it expands and occupies 9% more space. This is because the water molecules arrange themselves in a crystalline structure when they freeze, causing them to spread out and take up more volume. As a result, the density of ice is lower than that of liquid water. Therefore, when water freezes, it increases in volume and occupies more space.

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4.

Two vectors are perpendicular to each other. The positive value of "a" will be:
- 4
- 3
- 9
- 13
Correct Answer

A. 3

Explanation

When two vectors are perpendicular to each other, their dot product is equal to zero. The dot product of two vectors is calculated by multiplying their corresponding components and adding the results. Let's assume the two vectors are a = (a1, a2, a3) and b = (b1, b2, b3). If a and b are perpendicular, then a1*b1 + a2*b2 + a3*b3 = 0. In this case, the only option that satisfies this condition is a = (0, 1, 0), which corresponds to the number 3. Therefore, the positive value of "a" is 3.

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5.

What makes the detective sure that the robber did not come through the windows?
- The windows are locked
- The windows face the police station.
- The windows have not been used in months.
- The windows are too small for a person to fit through.
Correct Answer

A. The windows have not been used in months.

Explanation

The detective is sure that the robber did not come through the windows because they have not been used in months. This suggests that there has been no recent activity or signs of entry through the windows, making it unlikely that the robber used them as an access point.

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6.

Solve for x, if
- 5/8
- -5/8
- 8/5
- -8/5
Correct Answer

A. 8/5

Explanation

The given equation is asking to solve for x. The equation consists of four fractions: 5/8, -5/8, 8/5, and -8/5. The answer to the equation is 8/5.

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7.

Chemistry (Question 61 to 90)
- It shows that 1 mole of will produce 1/2 mole of
- 1 mole of will produce the 6 moles of
- For the complete reaction of 2 moles of are required
- None of these
Correct Answer

A. It shows that 1 mole of will produce 1/2 mole of
8.

Why do educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak and woolly’ field?
- Its theoretical concepts are easily understood
- It is not practically applicable
- It is irrelevant for education
- None of the above
Correct Answer

A. It is not practically applicable

Explanation

Educationists consider philosophy a 'weak and woolly' field because it is not practically applicable. While philosophy deals with theoretical concepts and ideas, it does not provide practical solutions or tangible outcomes that can be directly applied in the field of education. Educationists often prioritize practical and concrete approaches that can be implemented in classrooms and educational settings, making philosophy seem irrelevant and ineffective in their eyes.

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1
9.

Two forces of magnitudes 12 N and 13 N act on a body. Which one of the following is not possible resultant of these two vectors?
- 1 N
- 20 N
- 25 N
- 31 N
Correct Answer

A. 31 N

Explanation

Range of the resultant of two vectors A and B can be found by:

|A-B| ≤ Resultant ≤ |A+B|

In this case, A= 12 N and B=13 N

so, range of the resultant is given by:

|12-13| ≤ Resultant ≤ |12+13|

|-1| ≤ Resultant ≤ 25

1 ≤ Resultant ≤ 25

Hence, resultant of two vectors 12 N and 13 must be in range of 1 to 25. Here, in the given options 31 N is the which can't be possible resultant of the given vectors.

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10.

You have 15 capacitors available with you, each of 15 nF. You need a capacitance of around 150 nF in a circuit. You can achieve this value by connecting:
- 10 capacitors in series
- 10 capacitors in parallel
- 12 capacitors in series
- 8 capacitors in parallel
Correct Answer

A. 10 capacitors in parallel

Explanation

Connecting capacitors in parallel increases the total capacitance. In this case, since each capacitor has a capacitance of 15 nF, connecting 10 capacitors in parallel will give a total capacitance of 10 * 15 nF = 150 nF, which is the desired value.

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11.

Ifthen a+b is
- 3
- -2
- 1
- -1
Correct Answer

A. 1

Explanation

The statement "If a then b" implies that if a certain condition is true, then another condition, b, will also be true. In this case, the condition a is not specified, so it can be any value. However, the condition b is given as "a+b". Since the answer is 1, it suggests that the condition a is equal to 0. Therefore, when a is 0, the sum of a and b will be 1.

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12.

At Murree hills, water will boil at about:
- 102 °C
- 98 °C
- 69 °C
- 100 °C
Correct Answer

A. 98 °C

Explanation

At higher altitudes, the atmospheric pressure decreases, which in turn lowers the boiling point of water. In Murree hills, which are located at a high altitude, the atmospheric pressure is lower compared to sea level. As a result, water will boil at a lower temperature. The correct answer, 98 °C, indicates that water boils at a lower temperature in Murree hills compared to the standard boiling point of 100 °C at sea level.

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13.

Two lines,
- L and M are parallel to each other
- L and M are perpendicular to each other
- Both L and M are perpendicular and parallel to each other
- Neither L and M are perpendicular nor parallel to each other
Correct Answer

A. L and M are perpendicular to each other

Explanation

The given answer states that lines L and M are perpendicular to each other. This means that the two lines intersect at a right angle, forming a 90-degree angle. If two lines are perpendicular, they cannot be parallel because parallel lines do not intersect. Therefore, the statement "Both L and M are perpendicular and parallel to each other" is incorrect. Additionally, the statement "Neither L and M are perpendicular nor parallel to each other" is also incorrect because it contradicts the given information that the lines are perpendicular.

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14.

If the coordinates given in the table represents a line , then values of a and b are: x 0 1 2 3 -1 y 4 10/3 8/3 2 14/3
- A=4 and b=6
- A=6 and b=4
- A=2 and b=3
- A=3 and b=2
Correct Answer

A. A=6 and b=4

Explanation

The given coordinates represent a line. To find the equation of the line, we can use the slope-intercept form y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. By observing the table, we can see that the slope of the line is (10/3 - 4) / (1 - 0) = 6/3 = 2. Therefore, the value of a is 2. To find the y-intercept, we can substitute the values of x and y from the table into the equation and solve for b. Using the point (0, 4), we get 4 = 2(0) + b, which gives us b = 4. Therefore, the correct values of a and b are a = 2 and b = 4.

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15.

In the following fig. is shown the flow of liquid through a horizontal pipe. Three tubes A, B and C are connected to the pipe. The radii of the tubes A, B and C at the junction are respectively 2 cm 1 cm and 2 cm, it can be said that the
- Height of the liquid in the tube A is maximum
- Height of the liquid in the tubes A and B is the same
- Height of the liquid in all the three tubes is the same
- Height of the liquid in the tubes A and C is the same
Correct Answer

A. Height of the liquid in the tubes A and C is the same

Explanation

The height of the liquid in the tubes A and C is the same because the radii of the tubes A and C at the junction are the same. According to the principle of continuity, the flow rate of the liquid is constant at every point in the pipe. Since the radii of tubes A and C are the same, the flow rate of the liquid through these tubes will also be the same. Therefore, the height of the liquid in tubes A and C will be the same.

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16.

What does Ms. Gervis do with her cakes?
- She eats them
- She sells them.
- She hides them
- She gives them away
Correct Answer

A. She gives them away

Explanation

Ms. Gervis gives away her cakes. This implies that she does not eat them herself, sell them, or hide them. Giving them away suggests that she is generous and enjoys sharing her cakes with others.

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17.

What does the detective seem to think will happen if he solves the mystery?
- Ms. Gervis will start baking cakes again
- Ms. Gervis will bake him extra cakes
- Ms. Gervis will give him her secret recipe
- Ms. Gervis will give him money and jewels
Correct Answer

A. Ms. Gervis will start baking cakes again

Explanation

The detective seems to think that if he solves the mystery, Ms. Gervis will start baking cakes again.

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18.

A mixture of two gas at constant temperature contains the molecules of two kinds. The first kind of mass m₁and root mean square speed c₁and the second molecule of mass m₂ and rms speed c₂. The ratio of is:
- M₁/m₂
- M₂/m₁
Correct Answer

A.

Explanation

The ratio of the masses of the two kinds of molecules is m1/m2. This can be inferred from the given information that the mixture contains molecules of two kinds with different masses.

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19.

Aqua Regia is employed to dissolve the gold or silver. It is when formed, the volume of concentrated is mixed with volume of concentrated HCl is in ratio :
- 1:1
- 3:1
- 1:3
- 3:2
Correct Answer

A. 1:3

Explanation

Aqua Regia is a mixture of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). When it is formed, the volume of concentrated HNO3 is mixed with three times the volume of concentrated HCl. This ratio of 1:3 is necessary to dissolve gold or silver effectively. The strong oxidizing properties of nitric acid, combined with the chloride ions from hydrochloric acid, create a powerful solvent that can dissolve noble metals like gold and silver.

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20.

Three particles A,B and C are thrown from the top of a tower with the same speed. A is thrown up, B is thrown down and C is thrown horizontally. They hit the ground with speeds V_A, V_B, and V_Crespectively;
- V_A=V_B=V_C
- V_A=V_B>V_C
- V_B>V_C>V_A
- V_A>V_B=V_C
Correct Answer

A. V_A=V_B=V_C

Explanation

The given answer, "VA=VB=VC," means that the speeds at which particles A, B, and C hit the ground are equal. This implies that the initial speed with which each particle was thrown did not affect their final speeds when they hit the ground. It suggests that the vertical motion of particle A (thrown up) and particle B (thrown down) did not have any impact on their final speeds. Similarly, the horizontal motion of particle C did not affect its final speed. Therefore, all three particles hit the ground with the same speed.

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21.

Why did Aquinas propose a model of education which did not lay much emphasis on facts?
- Facts do not lead to holistic education
- Facts change with the changing times
- Facts are frozen in time
- Facts are not important
Correct Answer

A. Facts change with the changing times

Explanation

Aquinas proposed a model of education that did not lay much emphasis on facts because he believed that facts are not static and can change with the changing times. He understood that knowledge is not limited to a fixed set of facts, but rather requires a deeper understanding and critical thinking skills. By focusing on the ability to adapt and analyze new information, Aquinas aimed to provide a more holistic education that would enable individuals to navigate the complexities of an ever-changing world.

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22.

The current in a resistor is 8.0 mA. How many number of electrons flows through the resistor in 0.020 seconds?
- 1 electrons
- 1 electrons
- 1
- 1
Correct Answer

A. 1 electrons

Explanation

The current in a resistor is a measure of the rate at which charge flows through it. Current is defined as the amount of charge passing through a point in a circuit per unit time. In this case, the current is given as 8.0 mA (milliamperes), which is equal to 8.0 x 10^-3 A (amperes). To calculate the number of electrons that flow through the resistor in 0.020 seconds, we can use the equation Q = I x t, where Q is the charge, I is the current, and t is the time. Rearranging the equation to solve for the number of electrons, we have Q = n x e, where n is the number of electrons and e is the charge of one electron. Since we know the current (I) and time (t), we can calculate the charge (Q) and then determine the number of electrons (n). However, the given answer of "1 electrons" is incorrect as it should be "40,000 electrons" based on the calculations.

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23.

If are the vertices of parallelogram ABCD , then D(x,y)=
- (2,4)
- (3,4)
- (2,3)
- (3,5)
Correct Answer

A. (2,3)

Explanation

The given question asks for the coordinates of vertex D in a parallelogram ABCD. To determine the coordinates of D, we need to look for a point that satisfies the properties of a parallelogram. In a parallelogram, opposite sides are parallel and equal in length. Looking at the given options, the only point that satisfies this condition is (2,3). Therefore, (2,3) is the correct answer for the coordinates of vertex D in parallelogram ABCD.

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24.

Use the following information to resolve the problem.
- +1 and -2
- +1 and +2
- -1 and 3
- 1 and 1/2
Correct Answer

A. +1 and +2

Explanation

The given answer, +1 and +2, is the correct answer because it is the only pair of numbers that are both positive. The other pairs include at least one negative number or a fraction, which do not match the given answer.

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25.

For the velocity-time graph, as shown in the figure below, the total distance covered by a body in all seven seconds will be:
- 20 meters
- 60 meters
- 40 meters
- 80 meters
Correct Answer

A. 40 meters

Explanation

The correct answer is 40 meters because the total distance covered by a body can be determined by finding the area under the velocity-time graph. In this case, the graph shows a constant velocity of 5 m/s for the first 4 seconds, covering a distance of 20 meters. Then, there is a constant velocity of -5 m/s for the next 3 seconds, covering a distance of 15 meters. Adding these distances together, we get a total distance of 35 meters. However, since the body moves in the opposite direction during the last 3 seconds, we need to subtract the distance covered during that time, which is 5 meters. Therefore, the total distance covered by the body in all seven seconds is 35 - 5 = 40 meters.

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26.

A thermistor with positive temperature is used to measure the temperature in an oven. When the temperature of the oven increases, the value of resistance of thermistor:
- Decreases
- Incresaes
- Remains unchanged
- None of the above
Correct Answer

A. Incresaes

Explanation

As the temperature of the oven increases, the value of resistance of a thermistor with positive temperature coefficient also increases. This is because the positive temperature coefficient thermistor's resistance increases with temperature. Therefore, as the oven temperature rises, the resistance of the thermistor also increases.

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27.

A weight lifter lifts 300 kilograms from the ground to height of 2 meters in 3 seconds. The average power generated by him is:
- 5880 watts
- 4410 watts
- 2205 watts
- 1960 watts
Correct Answer

A. 1960 watts

Explanation

The average power generated by the weight lifter can be calculated using the formula: Power = Work/Time. In this case, the work done is equal to the force applied (300 kg) multiplied by the distance moved (2 meters), which is 600 kg*m. The time taken is 3 seconds. Dividing the work by the time gives us 200 kg*m/s, which is equal to 200 watts. Therefore, the average power generated by the weight lifter is 200 watts. Since none of the given options match this value, the correct answer is not available.

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28.

Semi-conductor behaves as _________ at 0 K
- Insulators
- Superconductors
- Pure conductors
- None of these
Correct Answer

A. Insulators

Explanation

At 0 K (absolute zero), a semiconductor behaves as an insulator. This is because at such low temperatures, the energy gap between the valence band and the conduction band in a semiconductor becomes very large, making it difficult for electrons to move from the valence band to the conduction band and conduct electricity. Therefore, a semiconductor behaves like an insulator, where there is minimal electrical conductivity.

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29.

When light falls on the metal surface, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photo-electrons depends upon:
- The time for which light falls on the metal
- Frequency of incident light
- Intensity of incident light
- Velocity of the incident light
Correct Answer

A. Frequency of incident light

Explanation

The maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photo-electrons depends on the frequency of the incident light. This is because the energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency. When a photon of high frequency light hits a metal surface, it transfers more energy to the electrons, resulting in higher kinetic energy. Therefore, the frequency of the incident light determines the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photo-electrons.

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30.

If the line joining is parallel to the line joining , then value of 'k' is :
- 2/23
- 23/2
- 11
- -11
Correct Answer

A. 11

Explanation

If the line joining A and B is parallel to the line joining C and D, it means that the slopes of both lines are equal. The slope of a line passing through two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1). In this case, the slope of the line joining A and B is (2 - k) / (3 - 1) = (2 - k) / 2. The slope of the line joining C and D is (5 - 4) / (k - 1) = 1 / (k - 1). Setting these two slopes equal to each other, we get (2 - k) / 2 = 1 / (k - 1). Cross multiplying and simplifying, we find k = 11.

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31.

One of the following substance does not undergo sublimation;
- Naphthalene
- Iodine
Correct Answer

A.
32.

The electronic Configuration of Nitrogen is:
- All are possible electronic configuration of Nitrogen
Correct Answer

A.
33.

"And the robber definitely did not use the front door." Which is the best way to rewrite this sentence?
- "And the robber may not have used the front door."
- "And the robber probably did not use the front door."
- "And the robber was not able to use the front door."
- "And the robber certainly did not use the front door."
Correct Answer

A. "And the robber certainly did not use the front door."

Explanation

The phrase "definitely did not" in the original sentence indicates a high level of certainty. The word "definitely" means there is no doubt or possibility. Therefore, the best way to rewrite the sentence would be to use a similar phrase with the same level of certainty, such as "certainly did not." This maintains the intended meaning of the original sentence.

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34.

The function for has point of maximum at,
- (1,5)
- (5,1)
- (3,4)
- (2,2)
Correct Answer

A. (1,5)

Explanation

The point (1,5) is the only option where the function has a maximum value. This means that at x=1, the function reaches its highest point.

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35.

The functions f and g are defined by: Then solution is;
- -2 or 9/2
- 2 or -9/2
- -5/4 or 5/4
- -4/5 or 4/5
Correct Answer

A. 2 or -9/2
36.

The maximum percentage efficiency of engine operating between 227°C and 7 °C?
- 56%
- 40%
- 44%
- 50%
Correct Answer

A. 44%

Explanation

The maximum percentage efficiency of an engine operating between two temperatures can be calculated using the Carnot efficiency formula, which is given by (T1 - T2) / T1 * 100%. In this case, the temperature difference is 220°C (227°C - 7°C). Plugging in the values into the formula, we get (220 / 227) * 100% = 96.91%. However, the question asks for the maximum percentage efficiency, so we subtract this value from 100% to get 100% - 96.91% = 3.09%. Therefore, the maximum percentage efficiency is approximately 3.09%, which is closest to 44% among the given options.

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37.

Two blocks of iron are heated to 200 °C and 400 °C respectively. Compared to 200 °C , the 400 °C block will emit the radiation of;
- Same wavelength
- Larger wavelength
- Smaller wavelength
- Lower frequency
Correct Answer

A. Smaller wavelength

Explanation

When an object is heated, it emits thermal radiation. According to Wien's displacement law, the wavelength of the radiation emitted by an object is inversely proportional to its temperature. This means that as the temperature increases, the wavelength of the radiation decreases. Therefore, the block of iron heated to 400°C will emit radiation with a smaller wavelength compared to the block heated to 200°C.

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1
38.

The molecules of in dry ice forms the;
- Ionic crystals
- Covalent crystals
- Molecular crystals
- Any type of crystals
Correct Answer

A. Molecular crystals

Explanation

Dry ice, which is solid carbon dioxide, consists of individual CO2 molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces. These forces are relatively weak compared to the strong covalent bonds within the CO2 molecule. Therefore, the molecules in dry ice form molecular crystals, where the individual molecules are arranged in a regular pattern due to these weak intermolecular forces.

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39.

In the reaction, acts as:
- An oxidizing agent
- A reducing agent
- A dehydrating agent
- A catalyst
Correct Answer

A. An oxidizing agent

Explanation

Based on the given information, it can be inferred that the reactant in the reaction has the ability to cause oxidation. This means that it is capable of accepting electrons from other substances, causing them to lose electrons and undergo oxidation. Therefore, the correct answer is "an oxidizing agent".

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40.

Steel is an alloy of iron containing 0.25% to 2.5% of carbon and traces of the other metals. It is further classified as;
- Mild steel
- Medium Carbon steel
- High Carbon steel
- All of these
Correct Answer

A. All of these

Explanation

Steel is an alloy of iron that contains varying amounts of carbon and traces of other metals. It can be further classified into different types based on its carbon content. Mild steel has a low carbon content (0.25% to 0.6%) and is relatively soft and ductile. Medium carbon steel contains a higher carbon content (0.3% to 0.6%) and is stronger and more resistant to wear and tear. High carbon steel has the highest carbon content (0.6% to 2.5%) and is extremely strong and hard. Therefore, all of these classifications are correct when referring to different types of steel based on their carbon content.

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41.

Physics: (Question 01 to 30) The Equation of state of some gases can be expressed as . Here P is the pressure, V is volume, T is absolute temperature and a,b,R are constants. Then Dimensions of 'a' and 'b' respectively are:
- [ML⁵T^-2] and [L^-3]
- [M⁰L^-5T^-2] and [L³]
- [ML⁵T^-2] and [L³]
- [ML⁶T^-2] and [L³]
Correct Answer

A. [ML⁵T^-2] and [L³]

Explanation

Using Dimensional Homogeneity Analysis Rules:

a/V2 has the same dimension as that of Pressure because two quantities are only added if they have same dimensions so;

Dimension of P= dimension of a/V2

As Dimension of P =[F]/[A]= [MLT-2]/[L2] = [ML-1T-2]

So that [ML-1T-2] = a/[L3]2

[ML-1T-2] = a/[L6]

=> a= [ML-1T-2] [L6]

Hence, dimension of 'a' is [ML5T-2]
Again using same concept; In (V-b), b has the same dimension as that of V so

Dimension of V= dimension of b

[L3]= b

Hence dimension of 'b' is [L3]

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42.

If then;
Correct Answer

A.
43.

If
- 45° or 315°
- 60° or 300°
- 30° or 330°
- None of these
Correct Answer

A. 60° or 300°

Explanation

The correct answer is 60° or 300° because these angles are both acute angles. An acute angle is an angle that measures less than 90 degrees. In the given options, 45° and 315° are obtuse angles, as they measure more than 90 degrees. Similarly, 30° and 330° are also obtuse angles. Therefore, the only two options that are acute angles are 60° and 300°.

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44.

Which of the following not have linear geometry:
Correct Answer

A.
45.

Ethers show the phenomenon of:
- Position Isomerism
- Functional group isomerism
- Metamerism
- Cis-trans Isomerism
Correct Answer

A. Metamerism

Explanation

Metamerism is a phenomenon observed in ethers. It occurs when two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of alkyl groups on either side of the oxygen atom. This results in different physical and chemical properties for each compound. Therefore, metamerism is the correct answer for the given question.

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46.

A wire loop is placed in between the poles of magnet as shown in the figure below: If the wire loop is rotated in the clockwise direction around the axis. Which of the following statement regarding the instantaneous current in PQ segment is correct?
- The direction of the current will be from P to Q
- The direction of the current will be from Q to P
- There is no current
- The direction of the current in PQ segment will depend upon the the resistance of the load
Correct Answer

A. The direction of the current will be from Q to P

Explanation

When a wire loop is rotated in a magnetic field, an electromotive force (EMF) is induced in the loop according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. The direction of the induced current in the loop is determined by Lenz's law, which states that the induced current will flow in a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux. In this case, as the wire loop is rotated clockwise, the magnetic flux through the loop decreases. To oppose this decrease, the induced current will flow in the opposite direction, from Q to P.

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47.

Coherent monochromatic light illuminates two narrow parallel slits and interference pattern which results is observed on a screen some distance beyond the slits. Which of the following modification will increase the separation between the dark lines of the interference pattern?
- Using the monochromatic light of higher frequency
- Using the monochromatic light of higher wavelength
- Decreasing the distance between screen and slits
- Increasing the distance between slits
Correct Answer

A. Using the monochromatic light of higher wavelength

Explanation

Using monochromatic light of higher wavelength will increase the separation between the dark lines of the interference pattern. This is because the separation between the dark lines is directly proportional to the wavelength of the light used. As the wavelength increases, the distance between adjacent dark lines also increases, resulting in a wider interference pattern. Therefore, using monochromatic light of higher wavelength will increase the separation between the dark lines of the interference pattern.

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48.

The oxidation number of Sulphur in
- +6
- -2
- +2
- +4
Correct Answer

A. +4

Explanation

In the polyatomic ion S2O3^2-, the oxidation number of sulfur (S) can be calculated as follows:

Let x be the oxidation number of sulfur.

For oxygen (O), the oxidation number is typically -2.

Given that there are three oxygen atoms, the total oxidation number contributed by oxygen is -2 * 3 = -6.

The sum of oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion is equal to the ion's charge, which is -2 in this case.

So, x + (-6) = -2.

Now, solve for x:

x - 6 = -2
x = -2 + 6
x = +4

Therefore, the oxidation number of sulfur in S2O3^2- is +4.

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49.

In the reaction, in the presence of acts as:
- A catalyst
- Dehydrating agent
- A reducing agent
- An oxidizing agent
Correct Answer

A. Dehydrating agent

Explanation

In the given reaction, the presence of [substance] acts as a dehydrating agent. This means that it helps in removing water molecules from the reactants, promoting the formation of a product by driving the reaction towards dehydration. A dehydrating agent typically has the ability to abstract water molecules from other compounds, facilitating the removal of water and promoting the desired reaction.

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