Hardest Linux Exam Quiz!

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1/90 Questions

To display the last 10 lines of the text file afile.txt, you would type tail afile.txt
- True
- False

About This Quiz

The 'Hardest Linux Exam Quiz!' tests advanced knowledge of Linux commands and system administration. It covers CPU, network interfaces, DNS configurations, and disk partitioning, aiming to enhance practical Linux skills.

Quiz Preview

2.

Pressing the up arrow key in Bash reveals commands you’ve recently typed.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Pressing the up arrow key in Bash allows users to access previously typed commands. This feature is useful as it saves time and effort by eliminating the need to retype long or complex commands. It also helps in avoiding typographical errors. By pressing the up arrow key, users can cycle through their command history and retrieve the desired command. This functionality is a convenient feature of the Bash shell.

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3.

Which of the following basic commands will change the directory or take the user back to /home?
- Rm
- Cp
- Cd
- Head
- Tail
Correct Answer

A. Cd

Explanation

The correct answer is "cd" because it is the basic command used to change the current directory in a command line interface. By typing "cd /home", the user will be taken back to the /home directory.

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4.

Which Linux command provides the information by displaying the names of files in a directory?
- Mv
- Cp
- Ln
- Mkdir
- Ls
Correct Answer

A. Ls

Explanation

The correct answer is "ls". The "ls" command is used in Linux to list the files and directories in a directory. It displays the names of the files in the specified directory, providing information about the contents of the directory.

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5.

Which of the following commands displays the name of the directory in which you're working?
- Wc
- Cat
- Echo
- Cd
- Pwd
Correct Answer

A. Pwd

Explanation

The pwd command does as the question specifies, so option E is correct. The wc command counts lines, words, and characters in a text file, so option A is incorrect. The cat command concatenates multiple files or displays a file on the screen, so option B is incorrect. The echo command displays whatever text you give it, or the contents of a variable you give it, so option C is incorrect. The cd command changes the current working directory but does not display its name, so option D is incorrect.

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6.

To view all your recent commands in the command history, type in the command __________.

Correct Answer
history

Explanation
To view all your recent commands in the command history, you need to type in the command "history". This command will display a list of all the commands that you have executed recently, allowing you to quickly access and review your past actions.

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1
7.

The files afile.txt and AFile.TXT can both exist on a Linux filesystem because Linux treats filenames in a _____-sensitive way.

Correct Answer
case

Explanation
Linux treats filenames in a case-sensitive way, which means that it differentiates between uppercase and lowercase letters in filenames. Therefore, both "afile.txt" and "AFile.TXT" can coexist on a Linux filesystem because they have different cases.

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8.

Partitioning a disk can enable you to install multiple OSs on one computer.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Partitioning a disk allows you to divide it into separate sections or partitions. Each partition can be formatted and used to install a different operating system. This enables you to have multiple operating systems on one computer, allowing you to switch between them as needed. Therefore, the statement is true.

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9.

Which basic command will create a symbolic link (shortcut) to a file?
- Cp
- Touch
- Echo
- Ln
- Cat
Correct Answer

A. Ln

Explanation

The ln command is used to create symbolic links (shortcuts) to files. It allows you to create a new file that points to an existing file, providing a convenient way to access the original file from a different location.

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10.

Which Linux directory holds the system configuration files?
- /etc
- /bin
- /lib
- /usr
- /home
Correct Answer

A. /etc

Explanation

The correct answer is /etc. The /etc directory in Linux holds the system configuration files. These files contain settings and parameters that determine how the operating system and various applications function. It is a central location for storing and managing important configuration files for the system.

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11.

You type touch afile.txt in a directory that contains no files. What will be the effect?
- The afile.txt file from your home directory will be copied to the current directory.
- The afile.txt file in your home directory will have its time stamps updated.
- Nothing; the command will return without doing anything.
- A new empty file called afile.txt will be created in the current directory.
- The touch command will return a file not found error.
Correct Answer

A. A new empty file called afile.txt will be created in the current directory.

Explanation

When you type "touch afile.txt" in a directory that contains no files, the effect will be that a new empty file called "afile.txt" will be created in the current directory. The "touch" command is used to update the access and modification timestamps of a file, but if the file does not exist, it will create a new empty file with the specified name.

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12.

You can delete any file on the computer by using rm as an ordinary user
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Because of Linux’s security features, you can only delete files in directories to which you have write access. As an ordinary user, you should not have write access to most of the system directories, so rm won’t allow you to remove most system files.

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13.

Which of the following commands will print lines from the file world.txt that contain matches to changes and changed?
- Find change[&c.circ;ds] world.txt
- Cat world.txt changes changed
- Find "change'd|s'" world.txt
- Tar change[d-s] world.txt
- Grep change[ds] world.txt
Correct Answer

A. Grep change[ds] world.txt

Explanation

The grep utility finds matching text within a file and prints those lines. It accepts regular expressions, which means you can place in brackets the two characters that differ in the words for which you're looking. Option A shows the correct syntax for doing this. The tar utility creates or manipulates archive files, and option B's syntax is incorrect for any use of tar, so that option is incorrect. The find utility locates files based on filenames, file sizes, and other surface features. Furthermore, options C and E both present incorrect syntax for find, and so are incorrect. Option D's cat utility displays or concatenates files, so it won't have the desired effect and this option is wrong.

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14.

Which key would you press if you wanted to do a command completion of a longer filename or command?
- Tab
- Spacebar
- Enter
- Shift
- Ctrl
Correct Answer

A. Tab

Explanation

Pressing the Tab key allows for command completion of a longer filename or command. This key is commonly used in command line interfaces to automatically complete the rest of a command or filename based on what has been typed so far. It saves time and effort by reducing the need to type out the entire command or filename manually.

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15.

Which character has the specific purpose of specifying the root directory?
- |
- ^
- /
- %
- $
Correct Answer

A. /

Explanation

The character "/" is commonly used in computer systems to specify the root directory. It is used as a delimiter to separate directories in file paths and indicates the starting point or highest level of the directory hierarchy. In Unix-like systems, the root directory is represented by a single forward slash ("/"). Therefore, the character "/" serves the specific purpose of specifying the root directory.

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16.

Which character that represents the start of a line in a regular expression?
- %
- |
- ^
- &
Correct Answer

A. ^

Explanation

The character "^" represents the start of a line in a regular expression. It is used to match the beginning of a line or string. When "^" is placed at the beginning of a regular expression pattern, it ensures that the pattern is only matched if it occurs at the start of a line. Therefore, this character is the correct answer to the question.

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17.

Where do most log files reside on a Linux computer?
- /home/logging
- /usr/log
- /etc/logging
- /var/log
- /log/usr
Correct Answer

A. /var/log

Explanation

Most log files on a Linux computer are typically stored in the /var/log directory. This directory is commonly used to store system logs, application logs, and other log files generated by various processes running on the system. The /home/logging, /usr/log, /etc/logging, and /log/usr directories mentioned in the other options are not standard locations for log files on a Linux system.

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18.

Pressing the M key in top causes the display to change to sort processes by memory use
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Pressing the M key in top causes the display to change to sort processes by memory use. This means that when the user presses the M key while using the "top" command, the display will be updated to show the processes sorted based on their memory usage. This allows the user to easily identify which processes are consuming the most memory on the system.

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19.

What does the permission string -rwxrwx--- mean?
- The file’s owner may read, write, and execute the file, but nobody else may access it.
- The file is a directory. The directory’s owner and members of its group may read, write, and search it, but other users have no access to it.
- The file’s owner and members of its group may both read, write, and execute the file, but other users have no access to it.
- All users of the computer may read, write, and execute the file.
- The file is a directory. All users of the computer may read, write, and search the directory.
Correct Answer

A. The file’s owner and members of its group may both read, write, and execute the file, but other users have no access to it.

Explanation

Option C correctly summarizes the meaning of the specified permission string. The description in option A would be represented by -rwx------, which is not the string shown in the question. Option B would be correct if the string began with d, indicating a directory; but the leading - indicates a data file rather than a directory. Option D’s description would require rwx in the last three characters of the permission string; but the --- indicates no world access. Option E combines the directory error of option B with the world-access error of option D and so is incorrect.

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20.

To allow the man pages to be viewed a page at a time, which pager program is used for displaying man pages?
- Apropos
- Grep
- Locate
- Whatis
- Less
Correct Answer

A. Less

Explanation

The pager program used for displaying man pages a page at a time is "less".

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21.

It is possible to see a list of all the directory paths in your Linux operating system by typing echo $PATH.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

By typing "echo $PATH" in the Linux operating system, it will display a list of all the directory paths. This command is used to view the directories where the system looks for executable files. Therefore, the statement is true.

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22.

You want to copy the contents of the ~/important directory, including all its subdirectories, to /media/usb. What command can you type to accomplish this goal?
- Cp ~/important /media/usb
- Cp -R ~/important /media/usb
- Cp -u ~/important /media/usb
- Cp -i ~/important /media/usb
- Cp -f ~/important /media/usb
Correct Answer

A. Cp -R ~/important /media/usb

Explanation

To copy an entire directory tree, you must use a recursive copy parameter, such as --recursive, -R, or -r. (An archive copy, as in --archive or -a, will also work.) Of the options shown here, only B includes one of these parameters, so it is correct. Option A lacks any parameters to cp, so it won’t work. Option C’s -u option performs an update copy—it copies files only if the original file is newer than any file of the same name at the target location. Option D’s -i performs an interactive copy, querying the user before overwriting existing files. Option E’s -f option forces cp to overwrite existing files without prompting.

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23.

The main filesystem in Linux is referred to as the _____ and is represented with the / symbol.

Correct Answer
root

Explanation
In Linux, the main filesystem is referred to as the "root" and is represented with the "/" symbol. The root directory is the top-level directory in the file system hierarchy, serving as the parent directory for all other directories and files. It is denoted by the forward slash symbol ("/") and is the starting point for navigating the file system.

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24.

The tail basic command will output the last _____ lines of a file.
- 5
- 10
- 15
- 20
- 25
Correct Answer

A. 10

Explanation

The tail basic command will output the last 10 lines of a file.

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25.

With most distributions, USB flash drives, and other removable media appear in subdirectories of /media
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Most distributions of operating systems, such as Linux, have a default behavior where USB flash drives and other removable media are automatically mounted and appear in subdirectories of the /media directory. This allows users to easily access and manage the files on these devices. Therefore, the statement "With most distributions, USB flash drives, and other removable media appear in subdirectories of /media" is true.

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26.

Which of the following commands provides a low-level way to install software on a Debian system?
- Rpm
- Yum
- Zypper
- Urpmi
- Dpkg
Correct Answer

A. Dpkg

Explanation

The dpkg program is the low-level interface to the Debian package system; you can use it to install, uninstall, and otherwise manage packages. Thus, option E is correct. Its equivalent on RPM-based systems is rpm, so option A is incorrect. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because they’re all higher-level interfaces to RPM-based systems.

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27.

What symbol do you place after a command to run the program in the background?
- &
- +
- >
- |
- #
Correct Answer

A. &

Explanation

An ampersand (&), placed after a command typed in Bash, causes the command to run in the background, so option A is correct. The remaining options do not accomplish this task, although option C redirects standard output and option D creates a pipe to the following command on the same line. Option B is completely meaningless, as is option E in this context, although a hash mark (#) does serve as a comment character in Bash scripts.

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28.

Which of the following syntaxes will you use to extract a file using the tar command?
- Tar -cvf {.tgz-file}
- Tar -zxvf {.tgz-file}
- Tar -zvf {.tgz-file}
- Tar -zwvf {.tgz-file}
Correct Answer

A. Tar -zxvf {.tgz-file}

Explanation

The correct syntax to extract a file using the tar command is "tar -zxvf {.tgz-file}". The "-z" option is used to specify that the file is compressed with gzip, the "-x" option is used to extract the file, the "-v" option is used to display the progress of the extraction, and the "-f" option is used to specify the name of the tar file.

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29.

Which of the following commands will print lines from the file world.txt that contain matches to changes and changed?
- Find change[&c.circ;ds] world.txt
- Cat world.txt changes changed
- Tar change[d-s] world.txt
- Find "change'd|s'" world.txt
- grep change[ds] world.txt
Correct Answer

A. grep change[ds] world.txt

Explanation

The correct answer is "grep change[ds] world.txt". This command uses the "grep" tool to search for lines in the file "world.txt" that contain matches to the patterns "change" followed by either "d" or "s".

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30.

Which of the following options to chown changes the ownership of all the subdirectories of any specified directories, rather than just the files or directories that are explicitly passed to it?
- -R
- --tree
- -recursive
- -all
- -t
Correct Answer

A. -R

Explanation

The -R or --recursive option does as the question specifies, so option A is correct. The --tree, -all, and -t options are all fictitious, so options B, D, and E are all incorrect. Option C is almost correct, but the correct option includes two dashes, not one. That is, it’s --recursive, not -recursive.

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31.

By default, useradd copies a set of user configuration files from /etc/skel when creating a new user account.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Default user configuration files give users a head start on configuring their accounts and enable system administrators to set user default options. They’re copied from /etc/skel unless you specify another location with the --skel (-k) option to useradd.

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32.

The gzip, bzip2, and xz programs all perform _____ compression, in which the decompressed data exactly match the original pre-compression data.
- Lossless
- Streamlined
- Encryption
- Existential
Correct Answer

A. Lossless

Explanation

The gzip, bzip2, and xz programs all perform lossless compression, in which the decompressed data exactly match the original pre-compression data.

The gzip, bzip2, and xz programs all perform lossless compression, in which the decompressed data exactly match the original pre-compression data.

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33.

Which of the processes can you use to identify running processes? (choose two)
- Df
- Ps
- Bg
- Mem
- Top
Correct Answer(s)

A. Ps
A. Top

Explanation

The ps and top programs are text-mode commands to identify running programs, so options B and E are both correct. The df program summarizes disk usage, bg shifts a suspended program into background execution, and mem is a device file, so options A, C, and D are all incorrect.

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34.

Which of the following redirection operators appends a program's standard output to an existing file, without overwriting that file's original contents?
- 2>
- &>
- >
- >>
- |
Correct Answer

A. >>

Explanation

The >> operator appends standard output to a file, so option D is correct. The vertical bar (|) is the pipe character; it ties one program's standard output to another's standard input, so option E is incorrect. The 2> operator redirects standard error, not standard output, and it overwrites the target file. Thus, option A is incorrect. The &> operator redirects both standard output and standard error, and it overwrites the target file, so option B is incorrect. The > operator redirects standard output, but it overwrites the target file, so option C is incorrect.

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35.

Linux supports two types of text-mode output to the screen, which you can send to separate files or display devices.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The two types of output are standard output and standard error.

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36.

What option can you pass to groupadd to have it create a group with a GID number of 1027?
- --groupnum 1027
- --gnum 1027
- --gidnum 1027
- --group 1027
- --gid 1027
Correct Answer

A. --gid 1027

Explanation

The option --gid 1027 can be passed to groupadd to have it create a group with a GID number of 1027.

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37.

What program can you use to manually bring up a network interface in Linux?
- Iwlist
- Route
- Telnet
- Ifconfig
- Traceroute
Correct Answer

A. Ifconfig

Explanation

The ifconfig program does as the question specifies (among other things), so option D is correct. The iwlist command displays information on Wi-Fi networks but does not bring up a network interface, so option A is incorrect. The route command displays or modifies routing tables but does not bring up a network interface, so option B is incorrect. The telnet command is a remote-access and network diagnostic tool, but it does not bring up a network interface, so option C is incorrect. The traceroute command produces network diagnostic information, but it does not bring up a network interface, so option E is incorrect.

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38.

The mv command is used to both move and _____ files and directories.

Correct Answer
rename

Explanation
The mv command is used to both move and rename files and directories.

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39.

Which of the following actions is performed when a file is uncompressed?
- Execute
- Extract
- Archive
- Remove
Correct Answer

A. Extract

Explanation

When a file is uncompressed, the action that is performed is extracting the contents of the compressed file. This involves decompressing the file and restoring it to its original form, allowing access to the individual files and folders within the compressed file.

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0
40.

Users should be logged in when you change their UID numbers with usermod
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

If a user is logged in when you change the user’s UID number, problems can ensue because the login session will continue to use the old UID number. Thus, users should be logged out before you attempt to change their UID numbers.

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41.

Your network’s hardware interface is called eth0. You want to bring up this interface via DHCP, so you type dhclient eth0 as root.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The given statement is true because typing "dhclient eth0" as root is the correct command to bring up the network's hardware interface, eth0, via DHCP. The "dhclient" command is used to obtain an IP address from a DHCP server, and specifying "eth0" tells the command to apply DHCP to that specific network interface.

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42.

To run a GUI program in Linux, you must launch it from a desktop environment’s menus.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

This statement is false because it is not necessary to launch a GUI program from a desktop environment's menus in Linux. GUI programs can also be launched from the command line by typing the program's name and pressing enter. Additionally, some Linux distributions allow users to create shortcuts or launchers on the desktop or taskbar to directly run GUI programs without accessing the menus.

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43.

You can use the ____ command to count the characters, words, and lines in a text file.

Correct Answer
wc

Explanation
The "wc" command can be used to count the characters, words, and lines in a text file. This command is commonly used in Unix and Unix-like operating systems. By executing the "wc" command followed by the file name, it will provide the count of characters, words, and lines present in the specified text file.

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44.

Which of the following programs produces a summary of the memory status of your computer, including the total memory available, the amount used, and the amount that’s unused?
- Free
- Mem
- Mf
- Avail
- Df
Correct Answer

A. Free

Explanation

The free command produces the information specified, so option A is correct. Options B, C, and D are all fictitious program names, at least on Linux. The Linux df command (option E) produces a summary of disk space available and used, not memory, so it’s incorrect.

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45.

The find command enables you to locate files based on their sizes.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The find command is a powerful tool that allows users to search for files based on various criteria, including their sizes. By using the appropriate options and arguments, users can specify a size range or a specific size to search for files that match the given criteria. Therefore, the statement that the find command enables you to locate files based on their sizes is true.

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46.

GUI account management tools provide more options than their text-mode counterparts.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

GUI account management tools do not necessarily provide more options than their text-mode counterparts. The statement is incorrect because both GUI and text-mode account management tools can offer a range of options, and the number of options available is not determined solely by the interface. The functionality and features of the tools are determined by the software itself, not the way it is presented to the user. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

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47.

You’re writing a script that should accept two arguments, a username and a year, specified in that order on the command line. What variable would you use to access the year?
- $1
- $year
- $annum
- $2
- $B
Correct Answer

A. $2

Explanation

Command-line arguments are accessed within a script as numbered variables, with $0 being the program name, $1 being the first argument (the username in this example), $2 being the second argument (the year in this example), and so on. Thus, option D is correct. Option A’s $1 would access the username and so is incorrect. Options B, C, and E are all valid Bash variable names, but none will refer automatically to the command-line arguments and so are incorrect.

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48.

Which of the following pieces of information on user accounts is not normally stored in the /etc/passwd file on modern Linux distributions?
- The account’s default shell
- The account’s default GID number
- The account’s UID number
- The account’s username
- The account’s password
Correct Answer

A. The account’s password

Explanation

Although /etc/passwd includes a field for the password, that field normally contains an x value, meaning that the encrypted password is stored in /etc/shadow. Thus, option E is correct. The account’s default shell, default GID number, UID number, and username all appear in /etc/passwd, so options A, B, C, and D are all incorrect.

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49.

Which of the following commands is used to extract a compressed file?
- Gzip
- Bzip2
- Ext
- Gunzip
Correct Answer

A. Gunzip

Explanation

The command "gunzip" is used to extract a compressed file.

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Jul 09, 2020

Quiz Created by
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To display the last 10 lines of the text file afile.txt, you would type tail afile.txt

Quiz Preview

Pressing the up arrow key in Bash reveals commands you’ve recently typed.

Which of the following basic commands will change the directory or take the user back to /home?

Which Linux command provides the information by displaying the names of files in a directory?

Which of the following commands displays the name of the directory in which you're working?

To view all your recent commands in the command history, type in the command __________.

The files afile.txt and AFile.TXT can both exist on a Linux filesystem because Linux treats filenames in a _____-sensitive way.

Partitioning a disk can enable you to install multiple OSs on one computer.

Which basic command will create a symbolic link (shortcut) to a file?

Which Linux directory holds the system configuration files?

You type touch afile.txt in a directory that contains no files. What will be the effect?

You can delete any file on the computer by using rm as an ordinary user

Which of the following commands will print lines from the file world.txt that contain matches to changes and changed?

Which key would you press if you wanted to do a command completion of a longer filename or command?

Which character has the specific purpose of specifying the root directory?

Which character that represents the start of a line in a regular expression?

Where do most log files reside on a Linux computer?

Pressing the M key in top causes the display to change to sort processes by memory use

What does the permission string -rwxrwx--- mean?

To allow the man pages to be viewed a page at a time, which pager program is used for displaying man pages?

It is possible to see a list of all the directory paths in your Linux operating system by typing echo $PATH.

You want to copy the contents of the ~/important directory, including all its subdirectories, to /media/usb. What command can you type to accomplish this goal?

The main filesystem in Linux is referred to as the _____ and is represented with the / symbol.

The tail basic command will output the last _____ lines of a file.

With most distributions, USB flash drives, and other removable media appear in subdirectories of /media

Which of the following commands provides a low-level way to install software on a Debian system?

What symbol do you place after a command to run the program in the background?

Which of the following syntaxes will you use to extract a file using the tar command?

Which of the following commands will print lines from the file world.txt that contain matches to changes and changed?

Which of the following options to chown changes the ownership of all the subdirectories of any specified directories, rather than just the files or directories that are explicitly passed to it?

By default, useradd copies a set of user configuration files from /etc/skel when creating a new user account.

The gzip, bzip2, and xz programs all perform _____ compression, in which the decompressed data exactly match the original pre-compression data.

Which of the processes can you use to identify running processes? (choose two)

Which of the following redirection operators appends a program's standard output to an existing file, without overwriting that file's original contents?

Linux supports two types of text-mode output to the screen, which you can send to separate files or display devices.

What option can you pass to groupadd to have it create a group with a GID number of 1027?

What program can you use to manually bring up a network interface in Linux?

The mv command is used to both move and _____ files and directories.

Which of the following actions is performed when a file is uncompressed?

Users should be logged in when you change their UID numbers with usermod

Your network’s hardware interface is called eth0. You want to bring up this interface via DHCP, so you type dhclient eth0 as root.

To run a GUI program in Linux, you must launch it from a desktop environment’s menus.

You can use the ____ command to count the characters, words, and lines in a text file.

Which of the following programs produces a summary of the memory status of your computer, including the total memory available, the amount used, and the amount that’s unused?

The find command enables you to locate files based on their sizes.

GUI account management tools provide more options than their text-mode counterparts.

You’re writing a script that should accept two arguments, a username and a year, specified in that order on the command line. What variable would you use to access the year?

Which of the following pieces of information on user accounts is not normally stored in the /etc/passwd file on modern Linux distributions?

Which of the following commands is used to extract a compressed file?