SiSTEMul Nervos - Test 2

The correct answer is "encefal". The question is asking for the components of the central nervous system, which consists of the brain (encefal) and the spinal cord (măduva spinării).

The given statement is true. The patellar reflex, also known as the knee-jerk reflex, is a monosynaptic reflex. This means that it involves only one synapse between the sensory neuron and the motor neuron in the spinal cord. When the patellar tendon is tapped, the stretch receptors in the muscle send signals to the spinal cord, which then immediately activates the motor neuron, causing the muscle to contract and the leg to jerk. This direct pathway with no interneurons involved is what makes the patellar reflex a monosynaptic reflex.

The correct answer is "nervi" because the peripheral nervous system is composed of nerves and ganglia. Nerves are bundles of fibers that transmit signals between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. Ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system. Therefore, the presence of both nerves and ganglia in the peripheral nervous system supports the answer "nervi".

The statement is true because the fine touch sensitivity, also known as epicritic sensitivity, is conducted through the spinobulbar tracts called Goll and Burdach. These tracts transmit sensory information related to fine touch, pressure, and proprioception from the body to the brain. Therefore, the given answer is correct.

The correct answer is "face legătura între receptor și centrul nervos." This is because the afferent pathway refers to the pathway that carries sensory information from the receptors (such as those in the skin, eyes, ears, etc.) to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Therefore, it connects the receptor (where the sensory information is detected) to the central nervous system (where the information is processed and interpreted).

The correct answer is "mezencefal." The question is asking for the structure that completes the list of components of the brainstem, which includes the bulbul rahidian (medulla oblongata) and puntea lui Varolio (pons). The mezencefal, also known as the midbrain, is the next structure in line, making it the correct answer.

The correct answer is "neuroni senzitivi somatici". This is because "neuroni senzitivi somatici" refers to sensory neurons that are responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body's somatic (voluntary) structures, such as the skin, muscles, and joints, to the central nervous system. The other options, "neuroni motori somatici", "neuroni viscerosenzitivi", and "neuroni visceromotori", do not accurately describe the neurons found in the posterior horns.

The correct answer is "tactila fina (epicritica)". This is because the spinobulbar tracts are responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the brain. The tract involved in transmitting fine touch (tactila fina or epicritic sensation) is the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway. This pathway carries information about discriminative touch, vibration, and proprioception. Therefore, the spinobulbar tracts conduct the sensation of fine touch or epicritic sensation.

The correct answer is spinotalamic lateral. The spinotalamic tract is responsible for transmitting sensory information related to temperature and pain from the body to the brain. The lateral division of the spinotalamic tract specifically carries information about temperature sensations.

The efferent pathway is responsible for carrying signals from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system and muscles. Axons of motor neurons are part of the efferent pathway as they transmit signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, allowing for movement and motor control. Therefore, the correct answer is "axonii neuronilor motori."

The anterior horns of the spinal cord contain motor neurons that are responsible for controlling voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles. These motor neurons receive signals from the brain and transmit them to the muscles, allowing us to move our limbs and perform various actions. Sensory neurons transmit information from the sensory organs to the brain, while visceromotor neurons control the involuntary movements of the visceral organs. However, in this case, the correct answer specifically refers to the motor neurons that innervate the somatic muscles.

The correct answer is the fasciculul spinotalamic anterior. Sensibilitatea tactilă grosieră (protopatică) refers to the ability to perceive crude touch and pressure. This type of sensation is carried through the anterior spinotalamic tract, which is responsible for transmitting sensory information related to pain, temperature, and crude touch from the body to the brain. The other options, such as the lateral spinotalamic tract and the spinocerebellar and spinobulbar tracts, are not specifically involved in the transmission of coarse touch sensation.

The correct answer is "fasciculele spinobulbare Goll și Burdach." This is because the conscious proprioceptive sensitivity is conducted through the Goll and Burdach spinobulbar tracts. These tracts transmit sensory information from the lower limbs and trunk to the brain, specifically to the cerebellum. The spinobulbar tracts are responsible for proprioception, which is the sense of body position and movement.

The correct answer is spinotalamic lateral. The spinotalamic lateral tract is responsible for conducting painful sensations from the body to the brain. It carries information about the location, intensity, and quality of pain. The other options mentioned, such as spinotalamic anterior, spinobulbar, and spinocerebelos, are not involved in transmitting painful sensations.

The receptors are responsible for converting the stimulus into a nerve impulse. This means that when a stimulus is detected by the receptors, it triggers a series of electrical signals known as nerve impulses, which are then transmitted to the brain or spinal cord for processing and interpretation. In other words, the receptors play a crucial role in converting external stimuli into electrical signals that can be understood and processed by the nervous system.

Stimularea sistemului nervos vegetativ simpatic are efect cardioacelerator, meaning it increases the heart rate.

The given question is asking for the entities that are not effectors in medullary reflexes. Effectors are the organs or tissues that respond to a stimulus and produce a specific response. In this case, muscles (both smooth and striated) and glands are effectors because they can be activated or inhibited in response to a stimulus. However, corpuscles sensitize are not effectors. They are sensory receptors that detect and transmit sensory information to the central nervous system, but they do not produce a response themselves.

Nervii spinali sunt nervi micşti

Radacina posterioara are pe traiectul ei un ganglion spinal care contine neuroni senzitivi.

Stimularea sistemului nervos vegetativ simpatic are efect coronarodilatator, meaning it causes dilation of the coronary arteries. This leads to an increased blood flow to the heart, which is beneficial for its proper functioning.

The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is responsible for controlling and coordinating various bodily functions, while the spinal cord serves as a communication pathway between the brain and the rest of the body. Together, they form the central nervous system, which plays a crucial role in receiving and processing sensory information, as well as generating appropriate motor responses.

The peripheral nervous system is composed of nerves and ganglia. Ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system. They play a crucial role in transmitting and processing sensory information, as well as coordinating motor responses. Ganglia act as relay stations, allowing communication between different parts of the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. They are involved in various functions, such as controlling muscle movements, regulating organ function, and mediating reflexes. Therefore, ganglia are an essential component of the peripheral nervous system.