SiSTEMul Muscular

The correct answer is "muşchiul pielos al gâtului". This is because "muşchiul pielos al gâtului" translates to "platysma muscle" in English, which is a thin, sheet-like muscle located in the neck. It extends from the chest to the lower jaw and helps to tense the skin of the neck and assist in facial expressions. The other options listed, such as "muşchiul subclavicular" (subclavius muscle), "muşchii mimicii" (facial muscles), and "muşchii maseteri" (masseter muscles), are not muscles of the neck.

The correct answer is "muşchii mimicii". This is because the muscles of the face, also known as the facial muscles or the muscles of facial expression, are responsible for controlling the movements and expressions of the face. These muscles allow us to smile, frown, raise our eyebrows, and make various facial expressions. The other options listed, such as the sternocleidomastoid muscles, trapezius muscles, and platysma muscle of the neck, are not specifically muscles of the head.

The correct answer is "desparte cutia toracică de cavitatea abdominală" which translates to "separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity". The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that plays a crucial role in respiration by contracting and relaxing to help with breathing. It is located at the bottom of the ribcage and separates the thoracic cavity, which contains the heart and lungs, from the abdominal cavity, which contains the digestive organs.

The correct answer is "contractilitate". Contractilitatea este o proprietate fundamentală a mușchilor, care se referă la capacitatea acestora de a se contracta și de a genera forță. Mușchii pot să se contracte și să se relaxeze în mod controlat, ceea ce permite mișcarea corpului și realizarea diferitelor funcții fiziologice. Această proprietate este esențială pentru funcționarea corectă a sistemului muscular.

Elasticitatea muşchilor se referă la capacitatea muşchilor de a reveni la forma lor iniţială după ce forţa care i-a deformat a încetat să acţioneze. Această proprietate permite muşchilor să se întindă şi să se contracte în timpul mişcării, permiţând astfel organismului să se mişte şi să se adapteze la diferite stimuli.

The correct answer states that the muscular system is composed of muscles, which are the active organs involved in movement. This explanation accurately describes the role of muscles as the main component of the muscular system and emphasizes their function in facilitating movement.

The correct answer is "este cel mai lung mușchi al corpului" (it is the longest muscle in the body). This statement is correct because the sartorius muscle, also known as the tailor's muscle, is indeed the longest muscle in the human body. It runs from the hip to the knee and helps with flexing, abduction, and rotation of the thigh.

The correct answer states that muscle tone is a state of permanent tension in muscles that have intact somatic motor and sensory innervation. This means that the muscles have both the ability to contract and relax voluntarily, and they also receive sensory information from the surrounding environment. Muscle tone is important for maintaining posture, stability, and coordination during movement.

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The correct answer is "muşchiul cvadriceps brahial." The reason is that the quadriceps brachii muscle is not a muscle that is part of the anterior arm musculature. The other three muscles listed (coracobrachialis, brachialis, and biceps brachii) are all muscles that are located in the anterior compartment of the arm.

Contracția izotonică se referă la o contracție musculară în care lungimea fibrelor musculare se scurtează și se produce mișcare. Prin urmare, afirmația corectă este că contracția izotonică produce lucru mecanic.

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The false statement is "după poziţia în organism, muşchii netezi se împart în: muşchii capului, gâtului, trunchiului şi membrelor". This statement suggests that smooth muscles are divided based on their position in the body, which is incorrect. Smooth muscles are not divided based on their position, but rather based on their function and location within the body.

Contracţia izotonică este caracterizată de o modificare a lungimii muşchiului, deci afirmaţia "lungimea muşchiului rămâne constantă" este falsă.

The specific organelles in striated muscle fibers are represented by myofibrils.

Contracția izometrică se referă la o contracție musculară în care lungimea mușchiului rămâne constantă, iar forța musculară se opune unei rezistențe externe. În timpul acestei contracții, mușchiul nu produce lucru mecanic intern, deoarece nu există mișcare sau schimbare în lungimea sa. Cu toate acestea, deoarece mușchiul este activ și generează forță, acesta produce căldură ca rezultat al activității metabolice. Prin urmare, afirmația corectă este că contracția izometrică produce căldură.

The incorrect statement is "tonusul muscular are un mecanism voluntar" (muscle tone has a voluntary mechanism). Muscle tone is the continuous, low-level contraction of muscles at rest, which helps maintain posture and stability. It is regulated by the central nervous system and is not under voluntary control.

The given correct answer states that the tension of the muscle remains constant during isotonic contractions of striated muscle fibers. This means that the force exerted by the muscle remains the same throughout the contraction, even as the length of the muscle changes. In isotonic contractions, the muscle shortens or lengthens while maintaining a constant level of tension. This is in contrast to isometric contractions, where the muscle generates tension without changing its length.

The correct answer is that "contracţia auxotonicǎ este aceea în care variază atât lungimea cât și tensiunea muşchiului" (auxotonic contraction is the one in which both the length and tension of the muscle vary). This means that during an auxotonic contraction, the muscle changes both its length and its tension, allowing for movement to occur.

The given statements are all correct except for "atrofie musculară." Atrofie musculară refers to the wasting or shrinking of muscle tissue due to disuse or injury, rather than fatigue. The other statements, such as "contractură fiziologică uneori" (physiological muscle contraction sometimes), "scăderea excitabilităţii" (decreased excitability), and "diminuarea forţei musculare" (decreased muscle strength), all relate to the effects of muscle fatigue.

The given statement is false because the initiation of any muscle contraction is not always auxotonic. Muscle contractions can be either auxotonic (with a change in tension and length) or isometric (with a change in tension but no change in length). Therefore, the initiation of muscle contractions can be either auxotonic or isometric, depending on the type of contraction.

The correct answer states that "sarcomerul este unitatea morfofuncţionalǎ a miofibrilei" which translates to "the sarcomere is the morphofunctional unit of the myofibril." This is a correct statement because a sarcomere is the basic structural and functional unit of a myofibril, which is found within muscle fibers. Sarcomeres are responsible for muscle contraction and are composed of overlapping thick and thin filaments.

The incorrect statement regarding muscle contractility is that the anatomical basis of contractility is the miofibrila. In reality, the anatomical basis of contractility is the sarcomere, which is the basic unit of muscle contraction and is composed of overlapping actin and myosin filaments. Miofibrila is a component of the sarcomere, not the anatomical basis itself.

The given statement is incorrect because the morphofunctional unit of a myofibril is not myosin. Myofibrils are composed of two types of myofilaments, thick filaments made of myosin and thin filaments made of actin. When observed under an electron microscope, myofibrils appear as alternating light and dark bands known as striations, which are located at the same level in all myofibrils. Myofibrils are specific organelles found in striated muscle fibers.

The given correct answer is "nu este controlat de sistemul nervos central" which translates to "it is not controlled by the central nervous system." This statement is false because the muscle tone is indeed controlled by the central nervous system. The central nervous system sends signals to the muscles to maintain a certain level of tension, which helps in maintaining posture and stability.