Quiz on the Diversity of Celestial Stars

A black hole is a region in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it. It's formed from the collapsed core of a massive star.

Neutron stars are the extremely dense remnants of massive stars that have gone through a supernova explosion. They are mainly composed of neutrons.

A protostar is a very young star that is still forming, typically within a stellar nursery or a region of space where new stars are born.

Giant stars are characterized by their immense size and luminosity, often exceeding those of main-sequence stars. These stars have exhausted their core hydrogen and expanded.

The main sequence on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram represents stars, like our Sun, that are in the stable phase of hydrogen-to-helium fusion in their cores. Their color depends on their temperature.

The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (H-R diagram) is a graphical representation of stars' luminosity (vertical axis) and temperature (horizontal axis). It helps astronomers classify and understand stars.

Nuclear fusion in a star's core primarily involves the conversion of hydrogen into helium. This process releases energy, which powers the star.

Red dwarfs are small, cool stars with surface temperatures below 3,500 K. They are the most common type of star in the universe and have a long lifespan.

A black dwarf is a theoretical end-state of a white dwarf that has cooled down to become 'black.' It emits no light or heat as it has no nuclear fusion activity.

An X-ray binary system consists of a compact object (typically a neutron star or black hole) and a companion star. The compact object accretes material from the companion, emitting X-rays in the process.

G-type stars, like our Sun, are classified as yellow dwarfs. They have a surface temperature of about 5,500 degrees Celsius and emit white or yellowish light.

A neutron star is the collapsed core of a massive star that has gone through a supernova explosion. It is incredibly dense, with the mass of the Sun packed into a sphere only a few kilometers wide. Neutron stars are known for their strong gravitational fields.

A white dwarf is a dense, Earth-sized remnant of a star that has exhausted its nuclear fuel. It glows with residual heat and slowly cools over time.

Blue supergiants are massive stars with very high surface temperatures. They are relatively short-lived due to their intense nuclear activity and quick consumption of fuel.

The term "white giant" isn't a commonly used classification for stars and doesn't represent a specific stage in stellar evolution.