Med-Surg Nursing Quiz: Can You Master Every System?

1. Which cardiac dysrhythmia is characterized by a regular rhythm with a rate of 150–250 bpm and narrow QRS complexes?

Atrial fibrillation

Supraventricular tachycardia

Ventricular tachycardia

Sinus tachycardia

2. A patient with COPD is experiencing increased dyspnea. What is the primary mechanism of air trapping in emphysema?

Loss of elastic recoil in alveolar walls

Airway inflammation and mucus production

Bronchoconstriction and bronchospasm

Increased pleural fluid accumulation

3. In acute kidney injury, which stage involves a rise in serum creatinine of 1.5–1.9 times baseline?

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3a

Stage 3b

4. A patient develops sepsis. Which cytokine is the primary trigger for systemic inflammatory response?

Interleukin-10

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Interferon-gamma

Transforming growth factor-beta

5. Which medication class is contraindicated in patients with acute decompensated heart failure and low ejection fraction?

ACE inhibitors

Beta-blockers

NSAIDs

Loop diuretics

6. A patient with type 2 diabetes has a fasting glucose of 180 mg/dL. What is the primary pathophysiologic defect?

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells

Insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency

Complete loss of pancreatic function

Excessive glucagon secretion

7. In a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease, which medication reduces acid production by blocking H+ secretion?

Ranitidine

Omeprazole

Metoclopramide

Sucralfate

8. A patient presents with a deep vein thrombosis. Heparin is initiated. What is the mechanism of action?

Inhibits thrombin and factor Xa

Prevents platelet aggregation

Dissolves existing clots

Inhibits vitamin K synthesis

9. Which clinical finding is most consistent with right ventricular failure?

Pulmonary edema and orthopnea

Hepatomegaly and peripheral edema

Hypotension and syncope

Decreased cardiac output only

10. A patient with pneumonia has a consolidation on chest X-ray. What is the pathophysiologic process?

Alveolar filling with fluid and inflammatory exudate

Pleural effusion without parenchymal involvement

Bronchial obstruction by mucus

Interstitial lung fibrosis

11. In a patient with cirrhosis, portal hypertension develops. Which complication results from this increased pressure?

Ascites and esophageal varices

Hepatic encephalopathy only

Acute kidney injury

Hyperglycemia

12. A patient with hyperthyroidism presents with tachycardia and heat intolerance. What is the cause?

Decreased metabolic rate

Excessive thyroid hormone increases metabolic rate

Decreased catecholamine sensitivity

Primary cardiac disease

13. Which electrolyte imbalance is most common in patients taking loop diuretics chronically?

Hyperkalemia

Hypokalemia

Hypernatremia

Hypercalcemia

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